Episode 3 D Simulation Report on Airspace Organization and Management EPISODE 3

Transcription

1 EPISODE 3 Single Eurpean Sky Implementatin supprt thrugh Validatin Dcument infrmatin Prgramme Sixth framewrk prgramme Pririty 1.4 Aernautics and Space Prject title Episde 3 Prject N Prject Crdinatr EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre Deliverable Name Simulatin Reprt n Airspace Deliverable ID D Versin 1.00 Owner Patricia López de Fruts Aena Cntributing partners Isdefe, Inec Page 1 f 103

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3 DOCUMENT CONTROL Apprval Rle Organisatin Name Dcument wner AENA Patricia López de Fruts Technical apprver AENA Pabl Sanchez Escalnilla Quality apprver EUROCONTROL Frédérique Sénéchal Prject crdinatr EUROCONTROL Philippe Leplae Versin histry Versin Date Status Authr(s) /11/2009 Apprved Patricia López de Fruts Rsana Casar Rdríguez Mayte Can Alfred Gómez Justificatin - Culd be a reference t a review frm r a cmment sheet Apprval f the dcument by the Episde 3 Cnsrtium. Page 3 f 103

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT INTENDED AUDIENCE SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF DOCUMENT EXPERIMENT BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT CONCEPT OVERVIEW GLOSSARY OF TERMS SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENT AND STRATEGY PLANNING EXPECTED EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES, OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES Descriptin f Expected Experiment Outcmes Descriptin f Experiment Objectives and Assumptins Descriptin f Experiment Hyptheses CHOICE OF METRICS AND MEASUREMENTS CHOICE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES Tl/Platfrm descriptin VALIDATION SCENARIO SPECIFICATIONS Airspace Infrmatin Actrs: Rles and Respnsibilities Traffic Infrmatin Simulatin scenaris CONDUCT OF VALIDATION EXERCISE EXPERIMENT PREPARATION Preparatry activities fr Gaming n Paper Sessins Preparatry activities fr Gaming n CHILL platfrm EXECUTED EXPERIMENT SCHEDULE DEVIATIONS FROM THE PLANNING EXPERIMENT RESULTS CLARIFICATION ON AFUA CONCEPT Definitin f Rles and Respnsibilities Criteria fr lcatin, delineatin and dimensin f a VGA Share use f airspace is cnflicting with Capacity Use f Capacity Opprtunities ASSESSMENT OF THE PROCESS FEASIBILITY EXPLORATION THE SUPPORTING TOOLS CAPABILITIES Definitin f the What-If Tl Capabilities Definitin f the Supprting Tls Functinalities ASSESSMENT OF GAMING TECHNIQUE Using different supprting means Accmplishment f the high level bjectives Weaknesses, enhancements and gd practices Experts Opinins CONFIDENCE IN EXPERIMENT RESULTS Quality f Results f Experiment Significance f Results f Experiment UNEXPECTED EXPERIMENT RESULTS ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES ON THE BASIS OF DETERMINED HYPOTHESES ANALYSIS OF CONSEQUENCES OF OUTCOMES FOR EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES AND ASSUMPTIONS CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Page 4 f 103

5 6.1 KEY FINDINGS ISSUES GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS Recmmendatins fr Gaming Technique Usage Recmmendatins n supprting DODs Recmmendatins n supprting Operatinal Scenaris Cnclusins and Recmmendatins fr Prject Level CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES AND APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS REFERENCES APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ANNEX I QUESTIONNAIRE BEFORE PREGAMING SESSIONS - TECHNIQUE QUESTIONNAIRE AFTER GAMING SESSIONS -TECHNIQUE QUESTIONNNAIRE DEBRIEFINGS - EXAMPLE ANNEX II Page 5 f 103

6 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 OIs addressed linked t the bjectives Table 2-2 Lw level Objectives addressed Table 2-3 Exercise Assumptins Table 2-4 Prcess Steps fr Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Table 2-5 Actrs invlvement fr Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Table 2-6 Prcess Steps fr Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA Table 2-7 Actrs invlvement fr Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA Table 4-1 General Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess Table 4-2 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t civil users invlvement Table 4-3 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t Airline Crdinatr invlvement Table 4-4 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t Civil Users and Airline Crdinatr invlvement Table 4-5 VGA Lcatin and Refinement. Optimal Prcess Table 4-6 Operatinal Quality Indicatr Table 4-7 Airspace Users Pririties Table 4-8 Example f Criteria fr Trajectry Change. Cmmercial Airline Table 4-9 Example f Criteria fr Trajectry Change. Lw Cst Airline Table 4-10 Example f Criteria fr Trajectry Change. Business Aviatin Table 4-11 Example f Criteria fr Trajectry Change. General Aviatin Table 4-12 Accmplishment f the High Level Objectives Table 4-13 Accmplishment f the High Level Objectives Table 4-14 Accmplishment f the High Level Objective Table 5-1 Hypthesis accmplishment Summary Table 5-2 Lw level bjectives accmplishment Table 5-3 Impact f Assumptins changes n bjectives Table 6-1 Recmmendatins n Supprting DODs Table 6-2 Cnclusins per bjective Page 6 f 103

7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Synpsis f Medium/Shrt Term Netwrk Planning Figure 2-1 Spanish-Prtugal FAB Figure 2-2 Prpsed VGA shape frm OS Figure 2-3 Stry Bard f the Simulatin Scenaris: Lcatin, Refinement and Cancelatin f a VGA Figure 3-1 Schedule f the activities related t the WP3.3.3 Gaming Sessins Figure 4-1 Steps t find the mst suitable VGA lcatin, set f trajectries and Airspace Organizatin Figure 4-2 Example 1 Access is in cnflicting with Capacity Figure 4-3 Example 2 Access is in cnflicting with Capacity Figure 4-4 Example f Histrical distrtins degrees Figure 4-5 Optimal Prcess Figure 4-6 VGA Lcatin and Refinement. Optimal Prcess Stry Bard Figure 4-7 Infrmatin Flws in the What-if Tl Figure 4-8 Infrmatin Flws in the Airspace Organizer and Optimizer Cmpnent 60 Figure 4-9 Operatinal Quality Indicatrs fr every pssible VGAs lcatins Figure 4-10 Cnfidence in the Gaming Technique Figure 4-11 Usefulness f the Gaming Technique Figure 4-12 High level bjectives cvering Figure 6-1 Optimal Prcess Page 7 f 103

8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This dcument prvides the reprt f Episde 3 (EP3) Wrk Package WP3.3.3 Airspace. It describes the utcmes frm the three planned gaming sessins that analysed the Demand and Capacity Balancing (DCB) Negtiatin Prcesses at lcal/sub reginal level amng Civil Airspace Users, Military Users, Civil/Military Airspace Manager (AMC) and the Sub-Reginal Manager (SBR). This ccurs when a change f airspace reservatin by military is prduced. The main bjectives f EP3 WP3.3.3 were: Clarificatin f the cncept in terms f cllabrative planning fcused n the shrt term phase and the end f the medium term phase (frm ne day t hurs befre the peratin): Advance Flexible Use f Airspace AFUA cncept and Cllabrative Decisin Making CDM prcesses; Assessment f prcess feasibility when Airspace Reservatins are changed by military users when cnsidering the dynamic diverse airspace use (AFUA cncept). The civil users mdify their trajectries in line with their preferences; Explratin the techniques and supprting tls needed t achieve an airspace rganizatin and management efficiently adapted t changing demand cnsidering civilian and military requests; Assessment f the alternative validatin techniques that are best suited t these early stages f cncept validatin. Gaming techniques are an innvative methd fr ATM Operatinal Cncept Validatin and are tested t check their suitability. In this exercise, tw different types f gaming technique were used t reach the bjectives: Gaming technique using papers; and Gaming technique using a hardware platfrm that was plugged with a what-if prttype tl t supprt the decisin prcesses. The exercise cnsisted f three gaming sessins. The first ne was carried ut thrugh the gaming technique paper-based where fur different games were designed t btain the preliminary results accrding t the bjectives and, sme f these results were cllected fr the cnfiguratin f the hardware platfrm used in the fllwing gaming sessins. The next tw gaming sessins were supprted by the what-if prttype tl which culd prvide the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratins t meet predicted demand with the minimum distrtins t the business/missin trajectries. These Airspace Management (ASM) slutins reprduced the utputs f the what-if tls which the Airspace Managers, Sub- Reginal Managers and airspace users used t perfrm their rles/respnsibilities. Different games were played by mean f the platfrm t clarify the prcesses invlved in CDM prcess. Expert Grups (WP3.3.1) supprted the definitin f the exercises, clarifying sme aspects f the ATM prcess and the strategies f different airspace users. Furthermre, they identified the assumptins fr the gaming sessins. The results btained in these sessins were sent as recmmendatins t Expert Grups (WP3.3.1) fr the refinement f the M2 DOD and the related Operatinal Scenari OS-34 Military Cllabratin in the Medium and Shrt Term. Then the main utcmes frm this exercise are qualitative and they are summarised thus: Several CDM prcesses were identified, analysed and detailed when a military reservatin is requested in different cntexts. These results will prvide clarificatin regarding the AFUA cncept and cllabrative planning; Page 8 f 103

9 A new rle/functin was detected as necessary during these CDM prcesses. It was called Airline Crdinatr. This rle/functin represents the airspace users and supprt them in the cllabratin prcesses; Assessment abut the gaming technique was btained during the gaming sessins. Benefits f the use f this technique fr cncept clarificatin were fund and detailed during the gaming sessins. Page 9 f 103

10 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT This dcument prvides the Validatin Exercise Reprt fr EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace. This dcument cllects the results and main findings btained during the three gaming sessins perfrmed in EP3 WP3.3.3 exercise. They are gruped by the bjectives defined fr EP3 WP3.3.3 that were previusly detailed in its Experimental Plan dcument [1]. The utcme f EP3 WP3.3.3 clarifies: The Cllabrative Prcesses related t the AFUA Cncept and airspace rganizatin and management, cnsidering the civil and military requirements, between the end f medium term phase and shrt term phase (frm ne day t sme hurs befre the peratin); The prcess feasibility when Airspace Reservatins are changed by military users when cnsidering the dynamic diverse airspace use (AFUA cncept); The applicability f Human-in-the-Lp Gaming as a new validatin technique. This EP3 WP3.3.3 Simulatin Reprt will feed t the integrated reprt f EP3 WP3 and finally t the EP3 Final Reprt. In turn, the results btained frm this dcument will feed SESAR Interim Detailed Operatinal Descriptin: Medium/Shrt Term Netwrk Planning M2 [6] and Military Cllabratin during Medium/Shrt Term Planning Operatinal Scenari OS-34 [7]. 1.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE EP3 WP3.3.3 simulatin reprt is intended fr use by the exercise leaders invlved in EP3 WP3 and in EP3 WP2.3 Validatin Prcess Management fr the cnslidated validatin strategy. The utcme f the validatin exercise will als be presented t the EP3 WP3.3.1 Netwrk Planning Expert Grup whse participants have been deeply invlved during the definitin, preparatin and running f EP3 WP3.3.3 validatin activities. Later n, this reprt will cntribute t the EP3 WP3 reprt (D3.4-01) and EP3 Final Reprt (D2.5-01). The intended audience includes: EP3 WP3 participants: EP3 WP3 Leader; EP3 WP3.2 Validatin strategy, supprt and peratinal cncept refinement; EP3 WP3.3.1 Netwrk Planning Expert Grup. Other Episde 3 partners; SJU Prject Managers. 1.3 SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF DOCUMENT The scpe f this dcument is the descriptin f the bjectives f EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace and hw the Validatin Exercises were prepared and executed. Finally, it prvides a detailed analysis f the results btained, including cnclusins and recmmendatins. The dcument is structured in seven main parts. Page 10 f 103

11 Sectin 1 prvides a general intrductin t the dcument, detailing the scpe, the backgrund and the cncept addressed by the exercise; Sectin 2 details the bjectives, the expected utcmes tgether with the methdlgy, indicatrs and metrics, hyptheses and scenaris t be tested; Sectin 3 describes hw the gaming sessins were designed and perfrmed; Sectin 4 describes the results btained frm the sessins; Sectin 5 analyses the results described in sectin 4; Sectin 6 prvides a set f cnclusins and recmmendatins; Sectin 7 cntains the list f applicable and reference dcuments. 1.4 EXPERIMENT BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT This dcument reprts n the validatin exercise EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace Organizatin and Management which is dne within EP3 WP3 Cllabrative Planning Prcesses. Episde 3 is charged with beginning the validatin f the peratinal cncept expressed by SESAR Task 2.2 and cnslidated in SESAR D3 [2]. The initial emphasis is n btaining a system level assessment f the cncept s ability t deliver the defined perfrmance benefits in the 2020 time hrizn crrespnding t ATM Capability Level 2/3 and the Operatinal Imprvement Step IP 2. The validatin prcess as applied in EP3 is based n versin 2 f the E-OCVM [11], which describes an apprach t ATM Cncept validatin, and is managed and crdinated by EP3 WP2.3. In rder t prepare the validatin exercises, an experimental plan was prduced accrding t step 2 f the E-OCVM. Based n the crrespnding exercise plan, Validatin exercises shuld prvide evidence, preferably measured, abut the ability f sme aspect f the cncept t deliver n sme aspect f the perfrmance targets. Accrding t step 4 f the E-OCVM [11], an exercise reprt shuld be prduced t lay dwn the evidence f qualities and shrtcmings tgether with issues and recmmendatins. EP3 WP3.3.3 aims at clarifying the SESAR cncept in terms f the AFUA Cncept and the related DCB Negtiatin Prcesses that ccur at FAB level amng Civil & Military Airspace Users, Civil/Military Airspace Managers (AMC) and the Sub-Reginal Manager (SBR). This ccurs in the timeframe frm ne day t several hurs ahead.. It analyses if these DCB Negtiatin Prcesses at lcal/sub-reginal level (FAB) are peratinally feasible when a change f airspace reservatin by military users is prduced. A set f three gaming sessins were planned and different games were designed t reach the bjectives described fr this exercise. This dcument reprts n the validatin exercise EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace which is dne within EP3 WP3 Cllabrative Planning Prcesses. The cntent f this dcument will supprt t EP3 WP3.3.1 Netwrk Expert Grup, directly invlved during the preparatin and perfrming f the gaming sessins, fr the refinement f DOD [6] and OS [7] dcuments. Finally, the results and cnclusins cntained in this dcument will serve as cntributin t perfrm the integrated reprt f WP3 and the Final Reprt f EP3 prject. Page 11 f 103

12 1.5 CONCEPT OVERVIEW The applicable DOD fr this exercise is DOD M2 [6]. This DOD fcuses n the perating principles relevant t the Medium/Shrt Term Planning Phase fr: Netwrk management; Airspace management; Airspace user peratins, when interacting with the netwrk management functin. A synpsis f Medium/Shrt Term Netwrk Planning, extracted frm this DOD [6], is presented in Figure 1-1 t shw the interactins between the three Services (Plan Traffic and Airspace Requirements, Refine ATM Resurces, Balance Planned Demand and Capacity). They are prvided thrugh a number f key prcesses related t Airspace User Operatins (in blue), Airspace Organisatin and Management (in green), Demand and Capacity Balancing (in range). The mst relevant aspect f EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace is that all the DCB slutins applied by this exercise are related just t airspace at lcal level and fcused at the end f medium term and during shrt term. Page 12 f 103

13 Figure 1-1 Synpsis f Medium/Shrt Term Netwrk Planning Page 13 f 103

14 The link between the EP3 WP3.3.3 and the mentined prcesses perates as fllws: Airspace Users declare their flight intentins and ptimise their trajectry thrugh SBTs (A and A ), in accrdance with their business mdel the NOP being visible t them at all times. ; The exercise is fcused between a day befre the peratin (end f the medium term phase) and 2 hurs befre the peratin (the shrt term phase). By this timeframe the final military intentins are refined and wuld affect the airspace reservatin; The ptimisatin, validatin and refinement f the SBTs have been part f the negtiatin in the exercise. Different user s business mdels have been cnsidered in the exercise. The airspace is rganised s as t respect their preferences and prvide enugh capacity (A , A and A ), taking int accunt airspace requirements (A2.1.1) ; The gaming exercises have been fcused n the military airspace requirements at shrt ntice t perfrm exercises in ad-hc structures nt cvered by predefined scenaris (A ); During the gaming sessins, a what-if tl has supprted the Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Manager t select the different airspace cnfiguratins (A ) frm a set f predefined slutins surrunding the military airspace reservatin. The what-if tl have prvided indicatrs in real time such as demand and capacity balancing in terms f mvements, number f saturated sectrs, ttal pen sectrs, mvements nt handled with the selected sectrizatin, etc.. that have supprted the Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Manager t make decisins regarding airspace cnfiguratins. The military airspace requirements (A2.1.1) alng with the new trajectries frm civil users have been cnsidered as an input fr the what-if tl t select the different airspace cnfiguratins t respect the users preferences. The gaming has been triggered by a mdificatin f military request fr airspace reservatin; Since airprt usage rules are nt cnsidered, A is nt cvered (netwrk usage rules). These airspace cnfiguratins have been cnsidered as inputs fr the gaming at the beginning f the negtiatin; Accrding t the DOD the prcess aims at refining the pssible cnfiguratins that are part f the available capacity plan established in the lng term and medium term planning phase. As the exercise is fcused at the end f medium term and shrt term, and the airspace rganizatin fr future is nt knwn, the prttype tl (mdelling) has cnsidered the elementary vlumes that accrding t the expected demand will be cmbined t prvide a set f airspace cnfiguratins. The best airspace cnfiguratins are based n the capacity imbalance expected fr the day f peratins and the users intentins. The planned traffic and airspace demand (A and A2.1.1) and the planned capacity (A ) are evaluated by the Netwrk Management functin, s as t detect ptential imbalances (A ) ; The planned traffic demand has been cmpared t the scheduled capacity t establish the lcal lad plan and detect lcal imbalances. Page 14 f 103

15 In case f imbalance, a DCB Slutin is selected in the Catalgue r elabrated with pssible netwrk impact assessment (A , dtted arrw) ; The DCB slutins cnsidered in the exercise are fcused nly at Airspace level in a FAB. The mst suitable airspace cnfiguratin slutins have been selected frm a set f predefined airspace cnfiguratins; Accrding t the DOD, the applicatin f airspace DCB Slutins are lcal t the airspace element (FAB, ACC, any ther airspace vlume): this/these slutin(s) can be based n airspace cnfiguratins inc. military activity, temprary rute structure, flight level capping, advisry ruting, queue management (inc. UDPP). Fr this exercise airspace cnfiguratin, flight level capping, flight merging, delay n grund and re-ruting have been applied as slutins; Fr the gaming that has been triggered by a new military request r cancellatin f airspace reservatin, if an imbalance is detected, a negtiatin prcess has been initiated. A what-if tl has supprted the gaming fr the selectin f the ASM slutin frm a set f predefined cnfiguratins; The gaming has simulated a CDM including military users, civil users, Civil/Military Airspace Manager and a Sub-Reginal Manager respnsible fr selecting, prpsing and applying the best DCB slutin. The slutin is then applied (A ), resulting in capacity adjustments (triggering A , A and A ) and pssibly demand adjustments if advisries are ntified r cnstraints are necessary (triggering A ). Airspace reservatins are als ptimised accrdingly, if pssible (triggering A2.1.1). UDPP is exceptinally triggered t priritise flights (A2.1.3, dtted arrw). The exercise has analysed the peratinal feasibility f the prcesses assciated t AFUA, refining the traffic demand and the airspace cnfiguratin. Therefre the utput cming frm the gaming has cnsisted f refined SBTs that are the result f the CDM triggered by a new airspace reservatin by military users. In turn, the gaming has prvided, as an utput, a refined airspace cnfiguratin, which is the mst suitable in terms f access and equity and capacity balancing (A , A and A ). EP3 WP3.3.3 addresses Operatinal Imprvements (OI) steps crrespnding t the Implementatin Packages (IP) 1 and 2. As mentined in EP3 WP3 Validatin Strategy [5], the R&D activities related t EP3 WP3 scpe (Cllabrative Planning) are less mature than in ther areas, and hence the starting pint is different t EP3 WP4 (En-rute Operatins at Executin Phase) and EP3 WP5 (Airprt and TMA Operatins at Executin Phase). Althugh EP3 fcuses n the 2020 timeframe lking at imprvements implemented within Implementatin Package 2 (IP2), in thse aspects f the SESAR CONOPS related t the cllabrative layered planning, there is still high uncertainty in IP1. Therefre, it is necessary t wrk at this level defining hw the basic prcesses will wrk. 1.6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Term ACC AOCC AENA AFUA AMC ANSP Definitin Airspace Cntrl Centre Airline Operatin Centre Crdinatr Aerpuerts Españles y Navegación Aérea Advanced Flexible Use f Airspace Airspace Management Cell Air Navigatin Service Prvider Page 15 f 103

16 Term Definitin AOC Airline Operatin Centre ASM Airspace Management ATC Air Traffic Cntrl ATFM Air Traffic Flw Management ATFCM Air Traffic Flw and Capacity Management ATM Air Traffic Management CDM Cllabrative Decisin Making CDR Cnditinal Rute CFMU Central Flw Management Unit CHILL Cllabrative Human in the Lp Labratry CONOPS Cncept f Operatins DCB Demand/Capacity Balancing DCMAC Directrate f Civil-Military ATM Crdinatin DOD Detailed Operatinal Descriptin EC Eurpean Cmmissin ECAC Eurpean Civil Aviatin Cnference E-OCVM Eurpean Operatinal Cncept Validatin Methdlgy EUROCONTROL Eurpean Organizatin fr the Safety f Air Navigatin EP3 Episde 3 FAB Functinal Airspace Blcks FL Flight Level FUA Flexible Use f Airspace FOC Final Operatinal Capability GAT General Air Traffic HMI Human-Machine Interface IBERIA IBERIA Airlines ISDEFE Ingeniería de Sistemas para la DEFEnsa de España IOC Initial Operatinal Capability IP Implementatin Package KPA Key Perfrmance Area KPI Key Perfrmance Indicatr LCIP Lcal Cnvergence and Implementatin Plan MET METerlgy MIL MILitary MVPA Military Variable Prfile Area NM Nautical Miles NOP Netwrk Operatins Plan Page 16 f 103

17 NOPLA OI OS RBT SESAR SESAR JU SBT SBR SUA STATFOR SWIM TMA TSA TRA UDPP VGA WP Term Definitin Netwrk Operatins Plan Applicatins Operatinal Imprvement Operatinal Scenari Reference Business Trajectry Single Eurpean Sky ATM Research in Air Transprtatin SESAR Jint Undertaking Shared Business Trajectry Sub-Reginal Manager Special Use f Airspace STATistical FORcasts System Wide Infrmatin Management Terminal Maneuvring Area Temprary Segregated Area Temprary Restricted Area User Driven Priritisatin Prcess Variable Gemetry Area Wrk Package Page 17 f 103

18 2 SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENT AND STRATEGY PLANNING 2.1 EXPECTED EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES, OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES Descriptin f Expected Experiment Outcmes EP3 WP3.3.3 aims at gaining insight int the interactins f the different invlved actrs and the infrmatin needed t supprt the decisin making prcesses when any change in the military airspace requirements (at end f medium term and in shrt-time) affects the airspace rganizatin and management, interferes with the civil flights and mdificatins must be made in the NOP. In rder t achieve this gal, the negtiatin prcesses at FAB level, between civil and military actrs, Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Manager and their respnsibilities, are reprduced in rder t determine whether the prcesses are feasible r nt. The high-level bjectives fr this exercise and the initial expectatins frm EP3 WP3.3.3 are described in the fllwing bullets. It is necessary t highlight that at the end f this sectin, the mdificatins with respect t the EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan [1] are included: Objective 1: Clarificatin f the cncept in terms f cllabrative planning fcused at shrt term phase and partially medium term phase i.e. frm ne day t sme hurs befre the peratin when there is a sudden change in military airspace reservatin. EP3 WP3.3.3 is nt fcused n validatin f the cncept. The cncept is nt mature enugh and as a cnsequence the main utcme is a qualitative assessment f tw main aspects f the cncept bth in IP1 and IP2: Advanced Flexible Use f Airspace (AFUA cncept); Agreement f the Business / Missin Trajectries thrugh cllabrative flight planning when there is a change in military airspace reservatin. Clarificatin f bth aspects includes the definitin f the steps in the CDM prcesses and hw the crdinatin f the rles takes place t find the best airspace slutin when a military reservatin is requested at shrt ntice. Objective 2: Assessment f prcess feasibility when Airspace Reservatins are changed by military users cnsidering the dynamic diverse airspace use (AFUA cncept). The different prcesses invlved when military changes the lcatin r timescale f a reserved area have been analyzed. The users will have the pprtunity t change trajectries t best fit their preferences. The Civil/Military Airspace Manager alng with the Sub-Reginal Manager will have t prvide the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratin cnsidering civil and military needs. Thrugh the cnfiguratin r design f different scenaris, the different prcesses invlved in each f the pre-cnfigured situatins were assessed. Objective 3: Explratin the techniques and supprting tls needed t achieve an airspace rganizatin and management efficiently adapted t changing demand cnsidering civilian and military requests. The exercise has analysed and identified the ptential functinalities f a what-if tl fr airspace rganizatin which will supprt the decisins f Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Managers, prviding the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratins. In Page 18 f 103

19 additin, several requirements fr the supprting tls fr the rest f rles invlved in the prcesses have been identified. Objective 4: Assessment f alternative validatin techniques suited t these early stages f cncept validatin e.g. the Human-in-the-lp gaming techniques. The utcme f the exercise was expected t enhance these techniques fr validatin f peratinal feasibility f prcesses. Tw alternatives f gaming technique were used: Gaming based n papers (the nly material used in the design and the trial f the game is paper); Gaming n a dedicated sftware platfrm called CHILL and plugged with a what-if tl fr supprting the decisin prcesses. CHILL allws simulating the pre-designed situatins in a mre realistic way and s, the behaviur f the players/rles, cmmunicatins between the actrs and the peratin with the tls wuld be near t the reality. During the definitin f EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan [1], CHILL was cnsidered as a suitable validatin tl fr addressing prcess feasibility. It was expected that the use f CHILL wuld increase the cnfidence n the results than the ne btained thrugh ther techniques such as Expert Grups. On the ther hand, EP3 WP3.3.3 examined the added value f using a dedicated gaming platfrm abve the paperbased. It was initially planned t use a what-if prttype tl plugged t CHILL platfrm cmprised f three main cmpnents: Wrklad calculatr mdule which estimates the expected wrklad fr every peratinal cntrller fr all the predefined cnfiguratins: the ne which is applied in that mment and the rest f predefined sectr cnfiguratins; Optimizer mdule which calculates the ptimum sectr cnfiguratin at each mment thrugh user selected criteria; HMI (Human Machine Interface) is the interface where all graphical data are shwn. This interface will be integrated in the Sub-Reginal Manager Psitin. Hwever, due t time cnstraints it was impssible t develp such a tl with the autmatin initially planned and it was preferred t enhance the CHILL platfrm. The functinalities that the what-if tl that have supprted the Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Manager t make decisins regarding airspace cnfiguratins finally were: A set f predefined airspace cnfiguratins; A calculatr in real time f high level indicatrs fr every airspace cnfiguratin, such as: demand and capacity balancing in terms f mvements, number f saturated sectrs, ttal pen sectrs, mvements nt handled with the selected sectrizatin, etc... The selectin f the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratin was dne manually by the Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Manager. In the EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan [1], it is described the pssibility t d a preliminary assessment abut the impact f the prcesses n the key perfrmance areas and a perfrmance assessment f the best airspace cnfiguratin t ptimise the netwrk. This assessment wuld have t be perfrmed thrugh the events recrded in the gaming platfrm and the what-if prttype tl. As it was mentined, the design and the definitin f the exercises were finally perfrmed t get mre qualitative results and evaluate the feasibility f the prcesses. Page 19 f 103

20 Events recrded in the different cmpnents f the platfrm were nt significant due t the perfrming f the different games (prcesses were nt perfrmed in a realistic way in terms f time, n several runs culd be managed). Then, n indicatrs and n impact n the key perfrmance areas culd be identified. This was previusly identified as risk 6 in the EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan [1]. The table belw prvides the list f the OI steps addressed in the exercise linked t the crrespnding bjectives described in the paragraphs abve: OI Title OI Step Id OI Step Title OI Step Descriptin OI Step Ratinale IP IOC/FOC Hw addressed? [L02-03] Frm FUA t Advanced FUA High Level Objective 2&3 AOM Enhanced Real-time Civil-Military Crdinatin f Airspace Utilisatin Real-time crdinatin is further enhanced thrugh what-if functinalities and autmated supprt t airspace bking and airspace management (e.g. integrated tlset allwing AMC and ther parties t design, allcate, pen and clse military airspace structures n the day f peratins). Prgress has been made in the recent years t facilitate exchanges between civil and military units thrugh the deplyment f a civilmilitary ATMair defence crdinatin tl (integrated civil and military air infrmatin picture). Hwever, civilmilitary interperability is t be increased especially t cater fr the requirements fr mre dynamic use f airspace. Furthermre, air defence and security cncerns remain high, implying the cntinued need fr efficient detectin f renegade targets. IP1 2009/2013 This OI step has been addressed by identifying the tl capabilities needed fr airspace bking and management when military changes the airspace reservatin. Page 20 f 103

21 OI Title OI Step Id OI Step Title OI Step Descriptin OI Step Ratinale IP IOC/FOC Hw addressed? [L02-03] Frm FUA t Advanced FUA High Level Objectives 1&2 AOM Flexible Military Airspace Structures The pssibility fr ad-hc structure delineatin at shrt ntice is ffered t respnd t shrtterm airspace users' requirements nt cvered by predefined structures and/r scenaris. Changes in the airspace status are uplinked t the pilt by the system. The bjective is t better respnd t military airspace requirements and/r meterlgical cnstraints while giving mre freedm t GAT flights t select the preferred rute trajectries and t achieve mre flexibility frm bth civil and military partners. IP2 2016/2021 A VGA (Variable Gemetry Area) has been analysed in the gaming t clarify the peratinal feasibility f the related prcesses when ne is implemented at shrt ntice. [L03-03] Planning the Shared Business Trajectry (SBT) High Level Objective 2 AUO Agreed Reference Business / Missin Trajectry (RBT) thrugh Cllabrative Flight Planning Airspace users can refine the Shared Business / Missin Trajectry (SBT) in a number f iteratins taking int accunt cnstraints arising frm new and mre accurate infrmatin. They access an up-tdate picture f the traffic situatin with the level f detail required fr planning (incl. Histrical data, frecasted data, already knwn intentins, MET frecast, current traffic, ASM situatin). The cllabrative planning prcess terminates when the Reference Business / Missin Trajectry (RBT) is published. IP2 2016/2021 This OI step has been addressed during the gaming sessins. The airspace users had the pprtunity t change their trajectries when airspace demands are changed by military. Table 2-1 OIs addressed linked t the bjectives Page 21 f 103

22 OI step AOM-0205 Mdular Temprary Airspace Structures and Reserved Areas culd nt be finally addressed by EP3 WP The initial intentin reflected in EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1] cnsisted f cnsidering different types f reservatin areas e.g. MVPA and VGA. Finally, and due t time cnstraints, the reservatin area selected t be implemented in the exercise was the VGA. The VGA was included in the descriptin f the peratinal scenari in which this exercise is based n i.e. OS-34 dcument [7]. The stakehlders perfrmance expectatins identified in EP WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1] culd nt be verified / falsified. The qualitative nature f the results btained thrugh the validatin runs culd nt prvide insight n the perfrmance benefits linked t the OIs addressed by EP3 WP As it was mentined in EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan, the exercise main bjective is t clarify the prcesses feasibility and the rles and respnsibilities than t prvide measurable r quantitative results Descriptin f Experiment Objectives and Assumptins EP3 WP3.3.3 is an exercise fr cncept clarificatin, identificatin f the tls requirements necessary t perfrm the prcesses and als explratin f the new validatin techniques, in this specific case, Gaming technique. It is necessary t highlight that the bjectives defined in the experimental plan and afterwards, in the design f the exercises d nt address any perfrmance areas Objectives Sectin details a summary f EP3 WP3.3.3 main bjectives. The fllwing table cme dwn t be mre specific and cncrete in the descriptin f the bjectives addressed fr this exercise. The mentined table als reflects thse lw level bjectives that were initially identified in EP WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1] but that finally they culdn t been addressed. Lw Level Objectives as they are in the Experimental Plan Outcmes High Level Objective #1 Clarificatin f the SESAR Cncept in the fllwing aspects #1a: The Flexible Use f Airspace (FUA) prcess is imprved with mre dynamic airspace management enabling dynamic respnses t shrt ntice military airspace requirements (up t 3 hurs befre peratins) r very shrt term changes (e.g. bad weather); #1b: Real-time crdinatin t design, allcate, pen and clse military airspace structures n the day f peratins (shrt term phase) #1c: The pssibility fr ad-hc structure definitin at shrt ntice is ffered t respnd t shrt-term airspace users' requirements nt cvered by pre-defined structures and/r scenaris #1d: The rute netwrk will evlve t fewer pre-defined rutes with the explitatin f advanced navigatin capabilities and generalisatin f FABs nt cnstrained by FIR bundaries, allwing fr mre direct rutes and free ruting. Hwever, it is assumed that sme frm f rute netwrk will be retained t cater fr specific requirements (e.g. crridrs/rutes fr capable aircraft thrugh the military area, military flight planning, etc.) Successfully cvered. See 4.1.2, and Successfully cvered. See 4.1.2, and Successfully cvered. See 4.1.2, and Nt addressed. Page 22 f 103

23 Lw Level Objectives as they are in the Experimental Plan Outcmes High Level Objective #2 #1e: Airspace users can refine the Shared Business / Missin Trajectry (SBT) taking int accunt cnstraints arising frm new and mre accurate infrmatin. They access t an up-t-date picture f the traffic situatin with the level f detail required fr planning (incl. Histrical data, frecasted data, already knwn intentins, MET frecast, current traffic, ASM situatin, etc.). #1f: Clarificatin n the definitin f the rles and respnsibilities f all actrs invlved in the exercise (Users, Military, Civil/Military Airspace Managers, and Sub-Reginal Manager #2a: Prviding evidence f the peratinal feasibility f the cllabrative planning prcesses invlved when Airspace Reservatins are changed by military users by cnsidering the dynamic diverse airspace use (AFUA cncept) Successfully cvered. See 4.1.2, and Successfully cvered. See 4.1. Successfully cvered. See 4.2. High Level Objective #3 High Level Objective #4 #3a: Identificatin f the ptential functinalities f what-if tls t supprt the selectin f the airspace cnfiguratins and management which will supprt the decisins f Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Managers #3b: Explratin the pssibility f creating a what-if prttype tl with sme f the ptential functinalities t btain the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratins cnsidering the civil and military needs #3c: Identificatin f which are the set f criteria relevant t select the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratins (e.g. minimise netwrk effect, ptimise flight efficiency (bth tempral and fuel efficiency), minimise the impact n users initial requirements, etc.). These criteria shuld be included as functinalities f the what-if prttype tl #4a: Test, as an innvative validatin mean, the integratin f validatin techniques (gaming + what-if prttype tl) #4b: Analysis f gaming technique as an innvative mean fr clarificatin f the cncept #4c: Preliminary assessment if pssible, because f the cmbinatin f the what-if prttype tl and the gaming platfrm, events culd be recrded after the gaming sessins and therefre a preliminary assessment culd be dne. Table 2-2 Lw level Objectives addressed Successfully cvered. See 4.3. Furthermre, supprting tls capabilities fr civil users were als detected. Nt fully addressed due t effrt limitatins. Successfully cvered. See 4.3. Furthermre, supprting tls capabilities fr civil users were als detected. Nt fully cvered. This analysis has been dne with expert judgement. Successfully cvered. See 4.4. Nt cvered Assumptins This sectin details all the assumptins established fr EP3 WP Sme f these assumptins have been mdified. In rder t track the changes with respect t the EP3 Page 23 f 103

24 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1], Table 2-3 gathers the mdificatins regarding the assumptins. Assumptins stated fr the exercise: The Reginal Manager des nt participate part f the gaming. The effect n the Netwrk is nt cnsidered since the exercise assumes that the Sub-Reginal Manager slutins d nt have a negative impact n the Netwrk; The Cmplexity Manager rle is nt cnsidered within the scpe f this exercise. This actr perfrms tasks during executin phase; Only Managed airspace is cnsidered; Weather cnditins: weather cnstraints e.g. bad weather cnditins, strms are nt be cnsidered; Ideal Equipment: n systems failures and cnsequently n emergencies are cnsidered; The timeframe f the Exercise is medium term clse t shrt term i.e. frm ne day t tw hurs befre the peratin. Initially, all trajectries are SBTs; Airprt usage rules are nt cnsidered; Traffic uncertainty at the shrt-term planning phase des nt affect the results as EP3 WP3.3.3 is mainly fcused n peratinal feasibility and the traffic uncertainty des nt affect the prcesses; The military activities are classified in tw categries: Majr/Special Exercises: The yearly plan cntains the planned exercises in terms f airspace impact e.g. internatinal, natinal, reginal, altitude, managed and/r unmanaged airspace. This plan is defined thrugh CDM sessins between civilians and MIL. Sme weeks befre the Day f Operatin, the lcatin, size and timeframe f these military activities are refined; Day t day Exercises: These activities are planned the day befre the Day f Operatin r even the same day. They are defined thrugh CDM sessins between the Civil and Military Airspace Managers. The Scenaris implemented in the gaming sessins are fcused in the day t day exercises. This assumptin is different t the ne described in EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1]; The rle f the military/civil pilts is nt included in the gaming sessins. Cncept Assumptins The airspace capacity plan defined at the end f the medium term planning phase is cnsistent with the target airspace capacity. This means that enugh capacity can be prvided en-rute t cpe with the freseen traffic, taking int accunt the airspace requirements defined in the lng-term; The DCB slutins cnsidered in the exercise are fcused nly at Airspace level in a FAB. The catalgue f airspace DCB slutins cntains ASM slutins t (re)rganise airspace in respnse t an imbalance, with an integrated view f traffic demand and airspace requirements. They wuld cnsist f predefined slutins: change f sectrizatins; The best airspace cnfiguratins are based n the maximum thrughput handled by cnsidering sectr capacities expected fr the day f peratins and the users intentins; Page 24 f 103

25 The methdlgy t detect imbalances is based n Traffic thrughput vs. Capacity. The capacity values have been tuned t cmply with the bjective f each gaming sessin, e.g. when analysing share use f airspace in cnflict with capacity, the capacity values were mdified t reprduce this situatin; There are n Queue Managements measures applied as DCB measures, including UDPP; At FAB level, the Airspace Manager and the Sub-Reginal Manager can be merged in nly ne rle perfrming all the related functins. Assumptins extracted frm the OS-34 [7] SWIM-enabled NOP is peratinal, 75% f the aircraft are ndes cnnected t the netwrk via SWIM. Hwever, in the gaming exercises, a rate f 100% f equipped aircraft was cnsidered fr simplificatin purpse; Full applicatin f FUA cncepts in place in Spain and Prtugal prviding the basis fr the next step t AFUA; Equity will be given t meeting the needs f civil Airspace Users and military requirements; ATM Service Level 3 1 is peratinal, 75% 2 f the flights are capable f ATM Service Level 3 peratins. Hwever, in the gaming exercises, a rate f 100% f equipped aircraft was cnsidered fr the purpse f simplificatin. Assumptin as it is in the Experimental Plan The timeframe f the Exercise is medium term clse t shrt term i.e. frm ne day t tw hurs befre the peratin. Initially, all trajectries are SBTs. Hwever, RBTs are cnsidered just in the case that the airprt rigin is far frm the area The definitin f airspace cnfiguratins is related t airspace vlumes but als rute and may cmbine bth f them e.g. rutes t activate depending n sectr cnfiguratin. The Airspace Organizatin wuld cnsist f predefined slutins: Temprary Rute Structures and Change f sectrizatins. The catalgue f airspace DCB slutins cntains ASM slutins t (re)rganise airspace in respnse t an imbalance, with an integrated view f traffic demand and airspace requirements; Mdificatin The timeframe f the Exercise is medium term clse t shrt term i.e. frm ne day t tw hurs befre the peratin. All trajectries are cnsidered SBTs. The definitin f airspace cnfiguratins is related t airspace vlumes. The Airspace Organizatin wuld cnsist f predefined slutins (change f cnfiguratins). The DCB slutins cnsidered in the exercise are fcused nly at Airspace level in a FAB. The catalgue f airspace DCB slutins cntains ASM slutins t (re)rganise airspace in respnse t an imbalance, with an integrated 1 ATM Service Level 3 is characterized by: Achieving advanced autmatin in a shared trajectry envirnment; Dynamic TMAs and Flexible Military structures; Dynamic DCB using RBT; Management Revisin f RBT using Datalink; Full set f Advanced Cntrller tls using RBT/SBT; ASEP-ITP; 2D-PTC n User Preferred Trajectries; 3D-PTC n Predefined Rutes. 2 Accrding t SESAR D5 delivery [3], 25% f aircraft culd be ATM level 2 capable. The prpsed 75% value includes flights ATM level 2 capable. AFUA suppses ATM level 3 capabilities. Page 25 f 103

26 Assumptin as it is in the Experimental Plan The DCB slutins cnsidered in the exercise are fcused nly at Airspace level in a FAB: Airspace cnfiguratin including military activity; Temprary rute structure. The best airspace cnfiguratins are based n the traffic cmplexity expected fr the day f peratins and the users intentins; The methdlgy t detect imbalances is based n traffic cmplexity (ATC Wrklad) measurement when the maximum admissible values are reached The missin trajectries shuld be cnsidered as if they were business trajectries and affect the wrklad f the cntrller when they fly frm their airbase t the airspace reservatin. The degree f wrklad affectin will be dependent n: The distance between the airbase and the airspace reservatin; The civil traffic density during this afrementined transitin; The number f military flights flying t the airspace reservatin SWIM-enabled NOP is peratinal 75%. The nn equipped aircraft are penalised: they are ut f the negtiatin and have t accept any slutin ATM Service Level 3 is peratinal, 75% f the flights are capable f ATM Service Level 3 peratins Mdificatin view f traffic demand and airspace requirements. They cnsist f predefined slutins: change f sectrizatins. The best airspace cnfiguratins are based n the maximum thrughput handled by cnsidering sectr capacities expected fr the day f peratins and the users intentins. The methdlgy t detect imbalances is based n Traffic thrughput vs. Capacity. The capacity values have been tuned t cmply with the bjective f each gaming sessin, e.g. when analysing share use f airspace in cnflict with capacity, the capacity values were mdified t reprduce this situatin. Remved as wrklad assessment has nt been perfrmed. SWIM-enabled NOP is peratinal, 75% f the aircraft are ndes cnnected t the netwrk via SWIM. Hwever, in the gaming exercises, a rate f 100% f equipped aircraft was cnsidered fr simplificatin purpse. ATM Service Level 3 3 is peratinal, 75% 4 f the flights are capable f ATM Service Level 3 peratins. Table 2-3 Exercise Assumptins Descriptin f Experiment Hyptheses The list belw cntains the main hypthesis identified fr this exercise and extracted frm EP3 WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan dcument [1]. The DCB Negtiatin Prcesses at lcal/sub-reginal level between Civil/Military Airspace Users, Civil/Military Airspace Manager and the Sub-Reginal Manager when a change f airspace reservatin by military is prduced: H1: will be peratinally feasible; 3D-PTC n Predefined Rutes. Page 26 f 103

27 H2: will increase the airspace capacity thrugh the identificatin f the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratin adapted t the military and civil users (AFUA Cncept); H3: will increase the flight efficiency, bth tempral and fuel efficiency, as the distrtin f users trajectries will be minimised; H4: will increase flexibility t manage changes in Airspace Reservatins: quick reactin t take advantage f capacity pprtunities due t the release f an initially planned military airspace reservatin. Due t the design f the exercises was riented t clarificatin f prcesses and cncepts, n quantitative assessment abut the airspace capacity, flight efficiency and flexibility was btained, and then the hypthesis H2, H3, and H4 culd nt be demnstrated r assessed. 2.2 CHOICE OF METRICS AND MEASUREMENTS EP3 WP3.3.3 validatin exercise prvides indicatrs n: Operatinal feasibility: extracting and analysing infrmatin frm questinnaires and debriefing sessins generated during the gaming sessins. EP3 WP3.3.3 results prvide insight infrmatin n issues such as: Hw d the different actrs feel abut the prblem / slutin? Which are the cnditins where there is n agreement between different actrs? Hw will the wrking envirnment (tls, infrmatin availability, etc.) f the actrs change? Hw can the different actrs be adapted t the change? Impact n actrs situatinal awareness, prcedural and wrking methds, etc; Definitin f the rles and respnsibilities during the negtiatin prcess and identificatin f ptential ambiguities; Identificatin f ptential bttlenecks in the prcess. EP3 Perfrmance Framewrk [9] is fcused n perfrmance assessment and a set f selected KPAs, s metrics and indicatrs related t Operatinal Feasibility are nt cvered in it. Gaming as a validatin technique: extracting and analysing infrmatin frm the dedicated questinnaires filled in by the participants during the gaming sessins t assess the technique fr validatin cncept purpse. The assessment f the gaming technique is based n the fllwing data: Participant s feeling abut the gaming technique; Cnfidence n the results btained during the gaming sessins; Added value (if any) f using a dedicated sftware platfrm during the gaming sessins respect t ther gaming techniques e.g. based n paper, Expert grups; Evaluatin f the gaming technique based n a set f factrs such as: Usefulness, reliability, accuracy, understanding, liking and easiness. 2.3 CHOICE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES EP3 WP3.3.3 is fcused n peratinal feasibility f the prcesses emulated during the gaming sessins. Fr that purpse, a set f different methds were applied in rder t cllect as much infrmatin as pssible. These methds cnsist f a cmbinatin f: Page 27 f 103

28 Structured questinnaires: designed n purpse and used during the three gaming sessins fr tw main purpses: Questinnaires n the cncept addressed: These questinnaires were tailred fr each game cntaining als different questins/cntent depending n the rle played by the participant in each game. The structured questinnaires had a specific relevance during the debriefing sessins which tk place at the end f each game since the cllected answers were discussed by all participants, identifying agreed cnclusins, disagreements r pen issues. Questinnaires n the Gaming Technique: Distributed befre and after each gaming sessin, these questinnaires cllected the participants initial expectatins and final feedback n gaming as a validatin technique fr cncept clarificatin purpses. These questinnaires include tw types f questins: Open questins, where participants were requested t give their pinin, understanding r cnsideratin t a definitin, statement r idea. All alternatives were valid; Scring questins, where gamers evaluated the elements giving a scre. These questinnaires can be fund in Annex I. Sectin 4 f this dcument reprts the utput and analysis f the answers t these questinnaires filled by all participants during the gaming sessins; Cmmunicatins between participants: all cmmunicatins between the different rles playing during the games were cllected and/r recrded and, at the end f each game, analysed during the debriefing sessins. The means fr recrding the cmmunicatins depend n the gaming technique used: Gaming technique n papers: the cnversatins are registered thrugh specific paper templates; Gaming technique n CHILL platfrm: the participants had at their dispsal a specific Chat tl t maintain cnversatins with any ther participant/s when they needed. All the cnversatins were autmatically recrded by the tl, and later n presented t the participants at the end f each game fr further analysis Tl/Platfrm descriptin EP3 WP3.3.3 validatin exercise was carried ut n CHILL platfrm. CHILL 5 is a versatile cllabrative ATM validatin platfrm. In CHILL, different categries f actrs can wrk tgether t efficiently manage traffic demand and capacity, exchange ATM data and share infrmatin in supprt f a cllabrative ATFM planning prcess. The CHILL mdelling Platfrm has been designed as a suite f interperable mdelling services and cmpnents t supprt the evaluatin, perfrmance assessment and validatin f existing and future ATM cncepts f peratin. Sub-Reginal Manager/Netwrk Manager use CHILL t: Adapt and plan airspace cnfiguratin t suit airspace users needs; Enable airspace users t prvide alternatives when there is a mismatch between capacity and demand; 5 Cllabrative Human-In-The-Lp Labratry. Page 28 f 103

29 Prvide final arbitratin decisins when users are unable t reslve resurce cntentin. Airspace users use CHILL t: Access t the pl f cmmn infrmatin, including traffic demand, airspace status, etc; Create/update flight prfiles; Check flight prfiles against the knwn airspace cnstraints; Trial plan alternative prfiles fr flights; Exchange these alternative plans with ther participants. Military users use CHILL t: Plan special use f airspace (SUA); Uplad the created/updated SUA t the pl f cmmn infrmatin; Ntify ther participants; Mnitr prjected demand n the SUA. Sub-Reginal Manager and Airspace Managers (Civilian and Military) dispsed f tw CHILL platfrms: One representing the actual NOP, available fr all participants; A secnd ne, perating as a what-if tl, where these rles had the pprtunity t analyse/assess his/her wn alternatives r ther participants prpsals received befre publishing the final decisin in the NOP and thus making it available fr the rest f participants. Sme f the what-if tl functinalities and capabilities have been identified thrugh the EP3 WP3.3.1 Expert Grup Sessins [8]. The what-if tl supprted the assessment f the mst suitable cnfiguratin. 2.4 VALIDATION SCENARIO SPECIFICATIONS Airspace Infrmatin The peratinal cntext fr the validatin activities crrespnds t a FAB due t the scpe f the exercise bjective, lcal/sub-reginal level at airspace level. The selected peratinal cntext was the Spain-Prtugal FAB. Hwever, the exercise did nt cnsider the entire FAB, but cncentrated n the cntinental area ver Spain and Prtugal where the main traffic flws are (see Figure 2-1). Page 29 f 103

30 Figure 2-1 Spanish-Prtugal FAB Mdular Sectrisatin Adapted t Variatins in Traffic Flws: Airspace is apprtined t small elementary sectrs r mdules. Mdules are gruped in cntrl sectrs accrding t gruping principles and pre-defined cnfiguratin scenaris. In this gaming exercise, the small elementary vlumes were the current existing nes f Spain and Prtugal cntrl sectrs. Cmbinatin f these elements prvided the predefined airspace cnfiguratins and was defined during the exercise mdelling activities (preparatry activities). Flexible Military Airspace Structures/ Variable Gemetry Area (VGA) is applied t have an area (TSA r TRA) which is the cre f the segregated airspace cnsidered, and t have several pre-planned pssible extensins (lbes) next t it which wuld be activated and utilized by the Military accrding t the size f the training requested. This cre part f the segregated airspace will be newly created in the future SESAR cntext. The pssibility fr adhc structure delineatin at shrt ntice is ffered t respnd t shrt-term airspace users' requirements nt cvered by pre-defined structures and/r scenaris. The OS-34 [7] prpses a VGA whse cre area is a circle and tw pssible lbes. Hwever, during the gaming sessins, it was highlighted that the VGA shape is nt necessarily a rund cre area with tw additinal extensins in the frm f lbes. These pssible extensins can be required in a different time frame (fr example the last ten minutes f the missin). Figure 2-2 Prpsed VGA shape frm OS-34 These kinds f areas allw planning day t day exercises where: Military activities are planned the day befre the peratins r even the same day; Page 30 f 103

31 Airspace needs are crdinated at the end f the medium term planning phase; Tactical changes are established thrugh CDM sessins. In additin, during the preparatry activities, the different types f military missins where a VGA culd be applied were identified with supprting frm military experts. This infrmatin can be fund in Annex II Actrs: Rles and Respnsibilities The Actrs included in the Cllabrative Prcesses reprduced in the EP3 WP3.3.3 exercise are briefly described. The refinement f the rles and respnsibilities is part f the results f this exercise and will be presented in That is the reasn why the different gaming sessins were prefrmed with the invlvement f different rles in rder t evaluate the mst efficient and suitable participatin. Civil User The Civil Users (AOC) cnvey the business intentins f the civil airspace users. As trajectry wners, they hld all the infrmatin related t their trajectries and cntained in the NOP. They always give their cnsent befre any demand adjustment and will adapt their intentins accrding t their strategies. Exercise Directr MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Airline Crdinatr The Exercise Directr (Ex. D) is respnsible fr scheduling the military exercise and t crdinate with airspace managers (AMC) the military needs in terms f airspace reservatin and time slt at any time; The Ex. Directr is the leader authrity fr all MIL units, invlved in the exercise. The Civil/Military Airspace Management bdy, is the AMC (Airspace Management Cell), established at FAB level and staffed with civil and military persnnel respnsible fr ASM. The AMC cllects airspace allcatin requests and fllwing prper cnsideratin f civil and military users needs, prmulgates its decisins regarding the activatin/deactivatin f manageable airspace under its jurisdictin via the NOP. The AMC clsely cperates with the Sub-Reginal Manager fr the mst efficient use f airspace. The Sub-Reginal Manager assures the stability and efficiency f the ATM Netwrk n the sub-reginal level, typically a FAB. Accrding t the Experts invlved in EP3 WP3.3.1 sessins, and during the gaming sessins, it was decided that at FAB level, the functins develped by the Airspace Manager and the Sub-Reginal Manager shuld be merged in ne rle. The Airline Crdinatr represents the civil airspace users interests int the ATM System and deal with their prblems. This is a new rle/functin that is nt defined during the SESAR Definitin Phase and therefre gathered in DOD M2 [6]. This functin was detected as a need during the first gaming sessins whse detailed and agreed respnsibilities were agreed by the participants during the gaming sessins and will be described in Traffic Infrmatin EP3 WP3.3.3 Airspace is fcused n the shrt term phase and the end f the medium term phase (frm ne day t several hurs befre the peratin), Page 31 f 103

32 aiming at the clarificatin f the cncept, the explratin f validatin techniques and the assessment f the prcesses feasibility. When selecting the traffic used in the exercise, there was tw ptins fr the traffic sample t be used: Adapting EP3 WP2 traffic sample t EP3 WP3.3.3 bjectives; Using an already treated traffic sample (the ne frm T231 SESAR Definitin Phase, [4]). It was decided that the available effrt was better utilised in trying t mdel the new cncept features rather than mdifying and adapting the traffic sample prvided by EP3 WP2. The traffic sample selected by T231 in the SESAR Definitin Phase is representative f the traffic demand expected fr the year 2020.Despite the pssibility being mentined in the experimental plan, n assessment f the perfrmances was made. Based n the previus reasns, the traffic sample used as the reference in EP3 WP3.3.3 is based n the traffic prvided by EUROCONTROL fr the simulatin exercises run within T231 in SESAR Definitin Phase. This traffic is built thrugh the increment f a reference traffic crrespnding t the 19th f July Fr mre details n the traffic reference and 2020 traffic samples, please see the Experimental Plan f this exercise [1] Simulatin scenaris Tw main prcesses have been analysed: Simulatin Scenari #1 Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA: The Exercise Directr requests an airspace reservatin (particularly a VGA) t perfrm a missin the fllwing day. The simulatin scenari time span cvers frm the day befre up t sme hurs befre the peratin. During this perid, the lcatin and refinement f the dimensin (size, shape, and timing slts) f this ad hc structure are perfrmed in an iterative cllabrative way between the different users (civilian and military) up t sme hurs befre the activatin f the area. The business trajectries are agreed and adapted by cnsidering the airspace military needs alng with the surrunding airspace t safely and efficiently handle the users trajectries. Simulatin Scenari #2 Cancelatin f a VGA: Due t bad weather cnditins, the Exercise Directr cancels the exercise and releases the airspace reservatin. The prcess is finished when the new agreed user s trajectries d nt prvke a capacity imbalance in the airspace. The simulatin scenari runs frm sme hurs befre the suppsed activatin f the VGA. The fllwing figure (Figure 2-3) shws the stry bard f the Simulatin Scenaris frm the day befre the peratin t sme hurs befre. The blue bxes reflect the main milestnes frm the day befre the peratin t the suppsed activatin f the VGA. The white bxes represent a cllabrative prcess between different actrs t accmplish with the milestnes. Page 32 f 103

33 Exercise Directr ntifies the airspace needs and the flexibility Exercise Directr Sub-Reginal MIL ASM Manager CIVIL ASM Exercise Directr Airline Crdinatr Civil User #2 Civil User #1 Simulatin Scenari #1: LOCATION f a VGA SBR/AMC defines the suitable lcatins f the VGA and the airspace cnfiguratins Sub-Reginal MIL ASM Manager CIVIL ASM Exercise Directr cancels the exercise due t bad weather cnditins Exercise Directr Sub-Reginal MIL ASM Manager CIVIL ASM Exercise Directr Civil User #2 Civil User #1 Simulatin Scenari #1: REFINEMENT f a VGA Sub-Reginal Manager Airline Crdinatr MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Airline Crdinatr Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Simulatin Scenari #2: CANCELATION f a VGA SBR/AMC ntifies the final set f trajectries and the assciated airspace cnfiguratin. Sub-Reginal MIL ASM Manager CIVIL ASM Publicatin in the NOP Day befre peratin Day D-hurs Figure 2-3 Stry Bard f the Simulatin Scenaris: Lcatin, Refinement and Cancelatin f a VGA Simulatin Scenari #1 Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA As ne f the main results f the exercise is t clarify the rles and respnsibilities in these prcesses and their feasibility, different cmbinatins fr actrs participatin and interactins amng them have been tested. The fllwing table described the different prcesses steps tested in this simulatin scenari (Table 2-4). It can be appreciated fr the same simulatin scenari, different prcesses steps can be defined: Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Frm the day befre the airspace reservatin activatin and several hurs befre this event... Step #1: First, the Exercise Directr requests his/her airspace needs t the AMC/SBR and infrms abut the flexibility in terms f lcatin, dimensin ad slt timing. This flexibility is translated t a set f pssible lcatins and dimensins. Step #2a: Then, in a sequential prcess, the AMC/SBR analyses the different pssibilities. The set f pssible lcatins and dimensins is reduced t thse that are cmpliant with the FAB (n negative impact n capacity) by using suppsed users trajectries. The AMC/SBR requests the preferred lcatin and dimensin f the VGA alng with their preferred trajectries amng the reduced set f pssible VGA lcatins and dimensins. Step #2b: Then, in a parallel prcess, the AMC/SBR requests the preferred lcatin and dimensin f the VGA alng with their preferred trajectries amng all the military set f pssible VGA lcatins and dimensins. In parallel, the AMC/SBR analyses the different pssibilities that are cmpliant with the FAB (n negative impact n capacity) by using suppsed users trajectries. Page 33 f 103

34 Step #3: Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Case #1: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager and Civil Users. The affected users calculate the preferred VGA lcatins and dimensins and the preferred trajectries. Case #2: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager and Airline Crdinatr. The Airline Crdinatr, wh knws the general civil preferences in advance, calculates the mst feasible, suitable and equitable lcatin and dimensin f the VGA alng with the suppsed preferred trajectries. Case #3: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager, Civil Users and Airline Crdinatr. The Airline Crdinatr requests in real time the preferred slutins t the civilian users and calculates the mst feasible, suitable and equitable lcatin and dimensin f the VGA alng with the preferred trajectries. Step #4: The AMC/SBR analyses the preferred trajectries accrding t the preferred lcatins and dimensin f the VGA and assesses the ne that has n negative impact at FAB level in terms f capacity and efficiency. Step #5: As the time ges by, the trajectries becme mre accurate and the military request may slightly change what wuld suppsed a refinement f the lcatin, dimensin and timing slt f the VGA. This step wuld suppse a repetitin f the prcess frm Step#2 t Step#4. Step #6: After Exercise Directr acceptance, the SBR publishes in the NOP (it is suppsed the Netwrk Manager acceptance). Table 2-4 Prcess Steps fr Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA The fllwing table (Table 2-5) summarises the Simulatin Scenaris perfrmed during the gaming sessins. The scenaris deal with validatin aspects such as sequential, parallel prcess, actrs invlvements and airspace balances and imbalances: Page 34 f 103

35 Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA N Airspace Imbalance Airspace Imbalance 6 Invlved Actrs Case #1: Ex.D + AMC/SBR + Civil Users Sequential Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2a +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Parallel Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2b +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM MIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace rganizatin. Preferred Slutins 2,3,4 CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager 2 3 Civil User #1 2 3 Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Evaluatin with real reruted trajectries their preferences. Slutins 2, Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace rganizatin. Slutins 2,3,4 Evaluatin with real reruted trajectries their preferences. Slutins 1,5 1 Civil User # MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against real reruted trajectries. MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against real reruted trajectries. Case #2: Ex.D + AMC/SBR + AOCC Sequential Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2a +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace rganizatin. Preferred Slutins 2,3,4 Airline Crdinatr 2 3 Evaluatin with agreed preferred trajectries in adavance. Slutins 2,3 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against agreed preferred trajectries in adavance 6 It has t be clarified that the airspace imbalances nt were addressed in all the described gaming sessins. Page 35 f 103

36 Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Parallel Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2b +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Airline Crdinatr Sub-Reginal Manager 1 5 Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace rganizatin. Slutins 2,3, Evaluatin with agreed preferred trajectries in adavance. Slutins 1,5 MIL ASM? CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against agreed preferred trajectries in adavance. Case #3: Ex.D + AMC/SBR + AOCC + Civil Users Sequential Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2a +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Parallel Prcess: Step #1+ Step #2b +Step #3 +Step #4 + Step#5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins 1-5 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace rganizatin. Preferred Slutins 2,3,4 MIL ASM Civil User #1 2 3 Civil User #2 Evaluatin with real reruted trajectries their preferences. 2 Slutins 2,3 3 4 Airline Crdinatr CIVIL ASM Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace. Slutins 2,3,4 2 3 Civil User #1 Sub-Reginal Manager Airline Crdinatr Evaluatin with real reruted trajectries their preferences. Slutins 1,5 1 Civil User # MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against real reruted trajectries MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against real reruted trajectries Table 2-5 Actrs invlvement fr Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Simulatin Scenari #2 Cancelatin f a VGA Chrnlgically, this simulatin scenari was run during the last gaming sessins. The different pssibilities regarding actrs invlvement and prcesses steps were enugh tested during the gaming sessins fr Simulatin Scenari #1 and therefre, Simulatin Scenari #2 has been perfrmed with all actrs (Exercise Directr, Civilian Users, Civil/Military Airspace Managers, Sub-Reginal Manager and the Airline Crdinatr when necessary) and as a parallel prcess. Table 2-6 and Table 2-7 revise the fllwed prcess steps and the actrs invlvement. Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA Frm sme hurs befre this event... Step#1: The Exercise Directr annunces t the AMC/SBR that the planned exercise t be Page 36 f 103

37 activated in the next hurs must be cancelled due t bad weather cnditins. Step#2: The AMC/SBR analyses the situatin with straight trajectries and due t the mentined bad weather cnditins publishes that the released airspace has a reduced capacity in cmparisn with the nrmal situatin and therefre sme flights must avid the area. Step#3: The Users analyses their preferences and send them t the AMC/SBR with Airline Crdinatr help if necessary. Step#4: The AMC/SBR evaluates the situatin with the new trajectries and identifies the best airspace cnfiguratin. Step#5: The SBR publishes in the NOP (it is suppsed the Netwrk Manager acceptance). 1 Table 2-6 Prcess Steps fr Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA N Airspace Imbalance Airspace Imbalance Invlved Actrs Ex.D + AMC/SBR + AOCC + Civil Users Parallel Prcess Exercise Directr VGA is cancelled MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Evaluatin with estimated reruted trajectries the impact n airspace. Airline Crdinatr MIL ASM CIVIL ASM? Sub-Reginal Manager Check slutins against real reruted trajectries Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Evaluatin with real reruted trajectries their preferences. 2 Table 2-7 Actrs invlvement fr Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA Page 37 f 103

38 3 CONDUCT OF VALIDATION EXERCISE 3.1 EXPERIMENT PREPARATION As stated in 2.1.1, tw alternatives f gaming technique have been used during this exercise: Gaming n paper (1 st Gaming sessins); Gaming n CHILL platfrm (2 nd and 3 rd Gaming Sessins). Althugh the preparatin activities fr bth alternatives have issues in cmmn, these activities have been structured in different sectins t highlight the differences between bth techniques Preparatry activities fr Gaming n Paper Sessins In the preparatin phase f the WP3.3.3 Gaming sessins, it was decided t perfrm a first gaming sessin using papers befre the perfrmance f the sessins using the CHILL platfrm. It was cnsidered that this kind f games culd be a gd training t intrduce t the actrs t play with a hardware platfrm which they had never managed. In additin, these sessins aimed at refining the scpe f the gaming sessins n CHILL platfrm and its capabilities. The games designed with the Gaming based-n-paper technique were played with experts behaving as actrs. The tls used were presentatins, papers and ball pens and several rules were established t supprt the executin f these gaming sessins. The Game Master (Directr f the game) managed the accmplishment f the bjectives and the rules. The design f this kind f games cnsists f different steps: 1. Clear definitin f the purpse f the game; 2. Definitin f the scenaris; 3. Preparatin f the supprting material. In this exercise, the supprting material cnsisted f: Templates: Rles Template: Descriptin f the rle, its respnsibilities, its pssible interactins with ther actrs and available tls during this specific game; Cmmunicatins Templates: Paper sheets which simulate the different cmmunicatins/interactins (cmmunicatins between actrs and interactin with tls as what-if tls). Cmments Sheet fr each participant; Pre-Gaming and Pst-Gaming Questinnaires; 4. Definitin f the rules f the game. Sme examples used during these gaming sessins are: All the cmmunicatins between rles and the interactins with tls must be dne thrugh a paper template specifically designed fr each purpse; The Game Master can intrduce events int the game in any time during the trial; The Game Master is in charge t initiate the game. Page 38 f 103

39 Participants In the design f the game, it was distinguished different kind f participants with different respnsibilities during the executin f this gaming sessin: Game Master: He/she supervises the game, assigns interventin turns, directs the game prgressin (prviding infrmatin previusly required r nt t the actrs) and supervises that the game rules are cmplied by all participants. The Game Master may als intrduce unexpected events during the game that alter the game prgressin; Actrs: These are the players f the gaming wh perfrm the different rles defined in each game. They can be different in each game but they are int the fllwing list: Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager, Exercise Directr and airspace users; Observer: They are the peple wh d nt play the game but they deeply knw the cncept t clarify and they can prvide feedback and infrmatin during the discussins r when it was required; Assistant: These peple d nt play the game but they participated and knw the design and implementatin f the game. Their missin is supprting Game Master when he/she needs it Preparatry activities fr Gaming n CHILL platfrm The games designed fr these gaming sessins are designed fllwing very similar steps that in the design f the gaming sessins based n paper. The main difference is that the design must be adapted t the functinalities f the hardware platfrm. Due t the imprtance f the platfrm and its cnfiguratin and peratin, tw types f preparatin activities are distinguished: Games design, including definitin f bjectives, scenaris and rules; Platfrm adaptatin (imprvements) t achieve the bjectives f the exercise Design f the games The design f the games cnsists f steps very similar t nes defined fr gaming-n-paper sessins: 1. Clear definitin f the purpse f the game; 2. Definitin f the scenaris; 3. Preparatin f the supprting material. In this exercise, the supprting material cnsisted f: Strybards f the prcesses t be simulated in each exercise; Templates fr each game: Only ne template was used during these gaming sessins fr the descriptin f the rle, its respnsibilities and interactins with ther actrs. Cmments Sheet fr each participant; Pre-Gaming and Pst-Gaming Questinnaires; Specific questinnaires fr the De-briefing sessins; 4. Definitin f the rules f the game. Sme examples used during these gaming sessins are: Page 39 f 103

40 All the cmmunicatins between rles must be dne thrugh the CHAT tl installed in each psitin f the CHILL platfrm. The Game Master must be in cpy f all the transmissin made by any actr; The Game Master can intrduce events int the game in any time during the trial; Game Master is in charge t initiate and finish the game Platfrm Adaptatin Once the bjectives f the exercise were defined, the functinalities f the CHILL platfrm were analysed and the requirements fr new develpments needed t carry ut the gaming sessins were identified. In the next paragraphs, it is specified the main imprvements perfrmed fr the different gaming sessins. The CHILL platfrm was cnfigured with the fllwing psitins (adapted fr each rle): Civil/Military Airspace Manager and Sub-Reginal Manager psitin. This ne was als supprted with a what-if tl t btain the assessment f the pssible airspace cnfiguratin slutins; Exercise Directr Psitin; Three Airspace Users Psitins: One f them was cnfigured t be used by the Airline Crdinatr; a new rle emerged as result f the first gaming sessins; Game Master Psitin: It allws t the Game Master t launch events, t recrd the cmmunicatins between actrs and manage the executin f the game. The main requirements specified t adapt the platfrm t the necessities f the exercise were: CHILL supprts the definitin f VGAs with multiple rientatins; The pssible airspace cnfiguratins are selected accrding t sme pre-defined parameters. The priritisatin criteria t select the best cnfiguratin was defined accrding t pre-defined parameters; The infrmatin f an airspace cnfiguratin culd be adapted and cnfigured accrding t the specific requirements, as the parameter demand and capacity balance ; The pssible airspace slutins fr the Civil/Military Airspace Manager and Sub- Reginal Manager, can be evaluated accrding a predefined parameter defined as cst f slutin (see 4.3.1); A what-if tl is available in the CHILL platfrm t supprt the decisins f the Sub-Reginal Manager/AMC; The trajectries planning is managed depending n the type f user (Cmmercial, Lw Cst, Business, General Aviatin); CHILL platfrm supprts a CHAT tl fr cmmunicatins between rles. After the first interactin with the CHILL platfrm, sme imprvements fr the last gaming sessins were accmplished t imprve its usability taking int accunt the feedback frm the participants: Additinal filters were implemented t ease the visualizatin f the infrmatin; CHAT tl was mdified t prvide the histrical infrmatin abut the cnversatins maintained during the game Training Sessins T perfrm the gaming sessins with the CHILL platfrm, ne training sessin n this platfrm was needed t familiarise the participants with its functinalities. Page 40 f 103

41 On the ther hand, it is imprtant t highlight that the rle f the assistant had a special relevance during the executin f the games. They supprt the players t use the CHILL platfrm, facilitating the interactin with it Participants The participants in these Gaming sessins were the same as the gaming sessins n paper, but there are sme slight differences in terms f their respnsibilities: Game Master: he/she supervises the game, assigns interventin turns, directs the game prgressin (prviding infrmatin previusly required r nt t the actrs) and supervises that the game rules are cmplied by all participants. The Game Master may als intrduce unexpected events during the game that alter the game prgressin; Actrs: The players f the gaming wh participate in these gaming sessins are the fllwing: Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager, Exercise Directr and airspace users. Furthermre, an additinal actr had t be defined as a result f the first gaming sessin; this is the Airline Crdinatr rle; Observer: They are the peple wh d nt play the game but they deeply knw the cncept t clarify and they can prvide feedback and infrmatin during the discussins r when it is required; Assistant: As it was mentined, these participants d nt play the game but they participated and knw the design and implementatin f the game. Their missin is supprting Game Master when he/she needs it. In this case, they were especially relevant and helpful supprting the players in the management f the tls (CHILL platfrm, what-if tl and CHAT tl). 3.2 EXECUTED EXPERIMENT SCHEDULE Here, there is a schedule f the executed activities regarding the Gaming Sessins in the exercise WP The preparatin activities and the milestnes prgrammed fr the exercise are detailed in the fllwing figure: Figure 3-1 Schedule f the activities related t the WP3.3.3 Gaming Sessins 3.3 DEVIATIONS FROM THE PLANNING The activities planned fr the gaming sessins were mdified respecting t the planning specified in the WP3.3.3 Experimental Plan Dcument [1]. Althugh the first gaming sessins were executed n time, the gaming sessins n CHILL platfrm were pstpned until the end f May due t the lack f availability f the Experts and the necessity f adapting the hardware platfrm. Cnsequently the last gaming sessins were als delayed. Page 41 f 103

42 4 EXPERIMENT RESULTS The gaming sessins perfrmed have always chased the assessment f the WP3.3.3 bjectives. Therefre, the results btained are classified accrding t its High Level Objectives. Clarificatin n the AFUA Cncept (High Level Objective 1); Assessment f the prcess feasibility (High Level Objective 2); Explratin f techniques and supprting tls (High Level Objective 3); Assessment f alternative validatin techniques: The Gaming Technique (High Level Objective 4). 4.1 CLARIFICATION ON AFUA CONCEPT This sectin gathers the results btained during the gaming sessins related t the Flexible Use f Airspace and the Agreement f the Business / Missin Trajectries thrugh cllabrative flight planning when military requests r changes its airspace reservatin. The access t share use f airspace by different users (military and civil users) in an equitable way has been the driver t identify and describe the details necessary t be included in the cncept t ensure the bjective. Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA and Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA has been perfrmed during several sessins (see and ) btaining clarificatin n the fllwing main aspects f the cncept: Definitin f the rles and respnsibilities f all actrs invlved in the exercise (Civil Users, Exercise Directr, Airspace Managers, Sub-Reginal Manager and a new functin detected: Airline Crdinatr); Criteria fr lcatin, delineatin and dimensin f ad-hc structures at shrt ntice t respnd t shrt-term military users' requirements nt cvered by predefined structures and/r scenaris: Variable Gemetry Area (VGA); Alternatives t slve situatins where shared use f airspace is cnflicting with ther perfrmance expectatins such as capacity; Use f Capacity Opprtunities when military cancels a planned exercise. Analysis if ther airspace users take advantage f this extra capacity due t airspace release and under which circumstances the airspace is used Definitin f Rles and Respnsibilities The first tpic t be treated is the clarificatin f the rles and respnsibilities t ensure a feasible prcess when military requests r changes its airspace reservatin Airline Crdinatr Airline Crdinatr As it has been already mentined, frm the first gaming sessins the need f having a functin that wuld represent users interests was detected when a cnsiderable number f users were affected because f military airspace reservatins. The AMC/SBR rle fund difficult t handle in a same functin, all preferences cming frm the different users alng with the stability f the FAB and the accmplishment with airspace capacity restrictins. Fr these reasns, a new rle/functin was identified t assist the AMC/SBR t identify the best slutin (equitable, suitable and feasible) fr airspace users. Page 42 f 103

43 The main rles and respnsibilities were agreed by expert participants and cnslidated in the fllwing pints: Represents the civil airspace users interests int the ATM System and deal with their prblems; Risk detected: Nt all the airspace users may want t be represented by this rle. Risk detected: Thse that are nt represented by the AOCC may nt be treated with the same equitable way and may see the AOCC like a lbby. Is a functin that des nt ccupy a hierarchical psitin ver the users but it is a supprting rle bth fr the SBR and the airspace users; Is always aware f the prcess and intervenes when necessary taking part f the decisin nly if the prblem cannt be slved thrugh direct negtiatin between users and AMC/SBR e.g. a cnsiderable number f users are affected; Wrks in clse crdinatin with the SBR t identify the best slutin (equitable, suitable and feasible) fr airspace users; Is a facilitatr that ensures the cmmunicatin n the explanatin f the decisins taken by the AMC/SBR fr maintaining e.g. capacity and safety levels; Befre triggering a DCB measure, the AOCC will analyse with the SBR ther pssible slutins in terms f flw management; Is a facilitatr f the UDPP prcess in the best way fr users. The AOCC will have detailed infrmatin n civil users t supprt AMC/SBR fr the selectin f equity slutins. The Equity Indicatrs will cnsist f histrical data (fr every airspace user (number f times that each civil airspace user preferred trajectries have been affected and degree f trajectry distrtins), trajectry distrtins fr the day f peratins, flight pririties and number f affected trajectries. Fr mre details n these Equity Indicatrs, please see If necessary, the Airline Crdinatr culd cntact civil users in real time t knw particular civil users preferences during the different prcesses Civil Users Civil User The Civil Users (AOC Staff) cnvey the business intentins f the civil airspace users. As trajectry wners, they hld all the infrmatin related t their trajectries and cntained in the NOP. They always give their cnsent befre any demand adjustment; They drive all the user-centric prcesses alng with the Airline Crdinatr, triggered in reactin t imbalance events; They will adapt their intentins accrding t their strategies/business mdels when distrtins are requested due t airspace restrictins. The selectin f the preferred trajectries and the least penalising SBT distrtins is dne maximizing the Operatinal Quality Indicatr. Tw main factrs define the civil users business mdels and build the Operatinal Quality Indicatr: Passenger Quality Indicatr and Operating Cst Indicatr. Fr mre details n this indicatr, please see Page 43 f 103

44 Exercise Directr Exercise Directr The Exercise Directr is the leader authrity fr all MIL units, invlved in the exercise. She/he is respnsible fr scheduling the military exercise; She/he is respnsible fr crdinating with airspace managers (AMC) the military needs in terms f airspace reservatin and time slt at any time. Particularly with the Military Airspace Manager; She/he will cllabrate t find suitable slutins t impact civil users t a minimum Civil Military Airspace Management MIL ASM CIVIL ASM under its jurisdictin via the NOP. The bdy, is the AMC (Airspace Management Cell), established at FAB level and staffed with civil and military persnnel respnsible fr Airspace Management. The AMC cllects airspace allcatin requests and fllwing prper cnsideratin f civil and military users needs, prmulgates its decisins regarding the activatin/deactivatin f manageable airspace The AMC clsely cperates with the Sub-Reginal Manager fr the mst efficient use f airspace. In particular the AMC has t: Organise and manage the airspace t accmmdate predicted traffic demand accrding t airspace users preferences. If ASM alne cannt prvide enugh resurce by cnsidering the users preferences, then the imbalances are cmmunicated t users t finally make demands cmpatible with available resurces; Transparently prpse equitable slutins t users t help them adapt their trajectries in case shared use f airspace is cnflicting with ther perfrmance expectatins (safety, security, capacity, etc.); In rder t detect the mst suitable airspace rganizatin, evaluate the Cst f Slutin Indicatr that is a cmbinatin f: Equitable criteria (Minimum Number f affected SBTs, Histric infrmatin at FAB Level, Minimum SBT distrtin), Demand and capacity balance amng sectrs, Wrklad saturatin, Wrklad balance amng sectrs and Ttal Wrklad. Fr mre details n this indicatr, please see Wrk in clse crdinatin with the Airline Crdinatr in case a cnsiderable number f civil users are affected t find the best slutin (equitable, suitable and feasible) fr airspace users; Crdinate airspace reservatins (lcatin, size, time) with military units, with the Sub-Reginal Manager, and with the neighbring FABs, in rder t mitigate the impact n civil users; Publish the airspace allcatin in the NOP after the cnfirmatin r acceptance f the slutin by the Exercise Directr and the Sub-Reginal Manager; Specifically, the Military Airspace Manager has the respnsibility t manage military missins/trainings and when a cnflict between missin is detected, the Military AMC will be respnsible fr slve them accrding t predefined pririties. The AMC is the interface between the Exercise Directr and the SBR. In turn deals with Civil Users/AOCC t knw their preferences. Page 44 f 103

45 Sub-Reginal Manager Sub-Reginal Manager The Sub-Reginal Manager assures the stability and efficiency f the ATM Netwrk n the sub-reginal level, typically a FAB: Prpse DCB slutins (in particular thse dealing with MIL activity) when an imbalance is detected by cnsidering users preferences; Evaluates with the AMC the impact f the military needs at FAB level; Initiates CDM prcesses between users, military, and AMC; Verifies applicability f prpsed airspace user slutin at FAB level checking all the stability f the FAB (airprts restrictins, weather cnditins, staffing prblems, interactins with the neighbring FABs); Lks fr capacity pprtunities when military release ttal r partially airspace and evaluates the situatin assuming that all the trajectries shuld cme back t the riginal SBTs; At FAB level, wrks jintly with the Airspace Managers and with the Airline Crdinatr (when necessary) in rder t find the best slutin (equitable, suitable and feasible) fr all users and fr the FAB stability. The SBR is the final respnsible t accept the new prpsed trajectries with the supprt f the AOCC (when this rle is necessary) r with the civil users. But the users are the wners f the trajectries and they have t cnfirm the final rutes that they want t fly Criteria fr lcatin, delineatin and dimensin f a VGA The principle f the VGA is t have an area which is the cre f the segregated airspace cnsidered, and t have several pre-planned pssible extensins (lbes) next t it which wuld be activated and utilized by the military accrding t the size f the training requested and t the GAT traffic in the area at the time. This type f airspace reservatin allws military t plan the day befre the peratin ad-hc structures t respnd t shrt-term airspace military requirements nt cvered by pre-defined structures and/r scenaris. This revlutinary apprach (fixed areas currently existing) prvides a greater flexibility t military fr airspace reservatin which means: Military will reserve just areas tailred dimensined fr the missin needs and therefre will release spare airspace fr civilian use; Military will cllabrate with AMC/SBR t find the best dimensin and shape f the VGA in rder t keep the impact n civil air traffic t a minimum; Military will reserve tighter time slts than tday adjusted t their real needs; Military will infrm abut the cancelatin f an area r part f it if the airspace is nt needed anymre prviding capacity pprtunities t civil users. When a military area is reserved, pririties at state level r FAB level will be defined in advance at strategic level t ensure the success f the prcesses. Equity Indicatrs t analyse the access t share airspace between civil and military users are cnsidered fr identifying the use f airspace and the AMC/SBR will be respnsible fr deciding the use f the airspace between civilian and military users. Tday the Rati f Military Requests effectively accmplished alng with the number f affected civil flights are the main factrs t be cnsidered fr military airspace lcatins. Regarding the civil users impact, the main criterin t lcate a VGA is t impact civil air traffic t a minimum. With this maxim, several indicatrs have been accepted and cnslidated Page 45 f 103

46 during the gaming sessins and will be used alng the prcess. Fr mre infrmatin n when these indicatrs are used alng the ptimal prcess, it is recmmended t see 4.2: Minimum Number f affected SBTs; Minimum Number f times that same civil users have been affected (histric infrmatin at FAB Level): fr equity reasns, the impact n every individual user shuld be calculated in advance and after the peratin. This infrmatin shuld be stred t btain histric data and t identify when a cmpany has been punished and therefre, t take int cnsideratin this infrmatin t assign an equitable share use f airspace; Operatinal Quality Indicatr: It will be evaluated by civil airspace users r the Airline Crdinatr (when this rle is necessary). This indicatr is described later in depth (see 4.3.2). Tw main factrs build this indicatr: Passenger Quality Indicatr and Operating Cst Indicatr. Cst f Slutin Indicatr: It will be evaluated by the AMC/SBR. Fr mre details n this indicatr, see Accrding t these criteria, the final slutin is btained as an iterative prcess with several lps. The figure belw reflects ne lp f the prcess t find the mst suitable VGA lcatin, set f trajectries and airspace rganizatin. The negtiatin with military fr selecting a set f pssible VGA lcatins is nt shwn in this figure. Set f distrted trajectries Pssible VGA Lcatins Operatinal Quality Indicatr Evaluatr and Optimizatr Mst suitable (ptimized distrted) set f trajectries and VGA lcatin Cst f Slutin Indicatr Evaluatr and Optimizatr (What-If Tl) Mst suitable Airspace Organizatin Airline Crdinatr Civil User #1 Civil User #2 MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Figure 4-1 Steps t find the mst suitable VGA lcatin, set f trajectries and Airspace Organizatin Share use f airspace is cnflicting with Capacity Accrding t the qualitative bjectives assciated t Access and Equity KPA, where shared use is cnflicting with ther perfrmance expectatins, such as capacity, viable airspace alternatives will be prvided t satisfy the airspace users business needs (AEQ.1.OBJ2), in cnsultatin with all affected stakehlders. Fr pririty management, mre ptins will be available than just the first cme first serve rule (AEQ.2.OBJ1). The fllwing examples were analysed during the gaming sessins represents tw situatins where the access t airspace is in cnflicting with capacity and equitable slutins have t be decided t slve the capacity issue. Example 1 describes the situatin where mst f civil users have preferred similar trajectries in rder t avid a military reservatin and have prvked a demand and capacity imbalance and sme f them cannt access the same airspace. The AMC/SBR alng with the AOCC must decide wh has pririty t access the preferred airspace. Page 46 f 103

47 Máx. 3 2 flights must be rereuted. WHO? Preferred Users Trajectries Figure 4-2 Example 1 Access is in cnflicting with Capacity Example 2 describes the situatin where a military exercise has been cancelled due t bad weather cnditins. As a cnsequence, and due t the same reasn f weather, the released airspace cannt cpe with the same nminal number f mvements. In this case, the AMC/SBR alng with the AOCC must decide wh cannt access the release airspace where the SBT is less penalised. Máx. 2 Máx. 2 2 flights can reduce their flight time. WHO? Preferred Users Trajectries Figure 4-3 Example 2 Access is in cnflicting with Capacity In bth examples, the AMC/SBR infrms the civil users and AOCC abut the glbal restrictin. The civil users with the help f the Airline Crdinatr will decide wh can access the preferred trajectries and fr thse wh cannt access, the civil users will decide hw t change their SBTs depending n their business mdels. In rder t ensure the qualitative bjective AEQ.2.OBJ2: Pririty rules will always be applied in a transparent, crrect manner the Airline Crdinatr functin will ensure the equity f the priritised users. T perfrm this respnsibility, the Airline crdinatr shuld handle specific infrmatin t ensure that the civil users access when cnflicting with capacity is slved in an equitable way. In any case, the final respnsible t check the peratinal feasibility f the new users trajectries is the AMC/SBR with the supprt f AOCC. During the gaming sessin sme indicatrs were tested t analyse their suitability. Histrical Reasns. Fr every civil user, the Airline Crdinatr shuld knw: Number f times that same civil users have been affected (histric infrmatin at FAB Level). This infrmatin culd be calculated fr seasns fr instance; Histrical distrtins degrees: Every civil user wuld have a bucket f admissible distrtins. If this bucket has been already filled in, n mre distrtins can be assigned during a seasn. The degrees f distrtins can be measured thrugh the peratinal quality indicatr. The maximum Page 47 f 103

48 admissible level fr the distrtins degree wuld be weighted depending n the civil user and als the airspace lcatin; Figure 4-4 Example f Histrical distrtins degrees The expert participants agreed that these histrical indicatrs that may imply high detailed infrmatin shuld be handled just by the Airline Crdinatr. Meanwhile the AMC/SBR culd just cpe with high level equity indicatrs such as extra flight time, extra flight miles r flight pririties and even prpse technical slutins t ensure the FAB stability. Current Operatinal Quality Indicatr that wuld mean the current SBT distrtin; Flight pririties that wuld mean special treatment; Current number f affected SBTs r RBTs (in case the timeframe is clse t the peratin). The decisin fr access priritizatin will be limited t Bundary Cnditins such as equipment; envirnment, safety, ready t be used (peratin timeframe), etc Use f Capacity Opprtunities During the Simulatin Scenari #2: Cancelatin f a VGA, the cnditins fr cancelatin f a military exercise and hw the civil users may take advantage f the release airspace were analysed. The prbability f cancellatin is higher fr day-t-day exercises than fr Majr exercises. The cancelatin f a majr exercise is nrmally due t very bad weather cnditins and this is decided in a very shrt time althugh it takes int cnsideratin the reactin time f the civil users t take advantage f the capacity pprtunities. Furthermre, the cancelatin may nt be ttal, jus partial; Frm the Military pint f view, t cancel a majr exercise has a bigger impact than a day-t-day peratin. Majr exercises are planned very much time in advance; On the cntrary, frm the SBR pint f view, since the majr exercises are planned in advance and usually need mre airspace, if it is cancelled, the airspace released and extra capacity are bigger; In general, mst f civil users wuld like t take advantage f a released airspace if they were riginally affected, and therefre wuld like t fly mre direct rutes. But this decisin is dependent n the timeframe that means the time available t manage the change f trajectries (at least tw hurs befre the EOBT althugh this value will be dependent n the cmpany). If the release airspace infrmatin is published really clse the peratin, the airlines may decide f nt cnsidering the capacity pprtunities. Fr instance, the already laded fuel may affect n the decisin. The current strategy f a cmpany is t leave n time and get the destinatin in the quickest way. If the flight time is reduced enugh due t a military airspace release, then part f the fuel is nt needed anymre and it is necessary t unlad it fr landing Page 48 f 103

49 safely at the airprt destinatin. This culd imply a cst in term f time and mney that wuld make uninteresting the use f the released airspace. 4.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE PROCESS FEASIBILITY The gaming sessins t assess the prcess feasibility have been fcused n the Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement a VGA: when military decides t perfrm a missin the fllwing day and it is necessary t find the mst suitable lcatin, dimensin and timing slt by ensuring the impact n civil users t a minimum. This Simulatin Scenari #2 (Cancelatin f a VGA) was run during the last gaming sessins. The different pssibilities regarding actrs invlvement and prcesses steps were enugh tested during the gaming sessins fr Simulatin Scenari #1 and therefre, Simulatin Scenari#2 was perfrmed with all actrs (Exercise Directr, Civilian Users, AMC/SBR and the Airline Crdinatr when necessary) and as a parallel prcess. As a cnsequence, withut a lss f representativeness, the assessment f the prcesses feasibility has been perfrmed just fr Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement a VGA. In rder t evaluate which prcess t perfrm this scenari (sequence f steps and actrs invlvement) is the mst suitable, different cmbinatins were tested. The cnclusins btained frm a particular prcess were used t feed and design the fllwing prcess (cmbinatin f actrs invlvement and sequences). In this way the advantages and disadvantages fund in every gaming sessin were refined in the next sessin. The refinement f the lcatin and dimensin (size, shape, and timing slts) f these ad hc structures have been perfrmed in a cllabrative way between the different users (civilian and military) frm the day befre the peratin up t sme hurs befre the activatin f the area. The business trajectries are agreed and adapted by cnsidering the airspace military needs alng with the surrunding airspace t safely and efficiently handle the users trajectries. The assessment f the prcess have been accmpanied with the definitin f the mst suitable prcess enabling dynamic respnses t design, allcate, pen and clse military airspace structures (up t 3 hurs befre peratins) r very shrt term changes (e.g. bad weather). With these purpses several prcesses have been tested. The fllwing tables gather the main advantages and disadvantages f the perfrmed prcesses alng with the reached cnclusins agreed and cnslidated with the expert participants. Table 4-1 analyses in general terms the advantages, disadvantages and suggestins f a Sequential prcess vs. Parallel prcess. The fllwing tables analyses the particular advantages, disadvantages and cnclusins f a Sequential prcess vs. Parallel prcess when different users are invlved in the prcesses: Case #1: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager and Civil Users (Table 4-2). Case #2: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager and Airline Crdinatr (Table 4-3). Case #3: Exercise Directr, Sub-Reginal Manager, Civil Airspace Manager, Military Airspace Manager, Civil Users and Airline Crdinatr (Table 4-4). Page 49 f 103

50 General... Disadvantages Advantages Suggestins Sequential Prcess Parallel Prcess In the first step f the prcess, the slutins prvided by the AMC/SBR may nt fully represent users interests since it is a sequential prcess and the civil users preferences have nt been prvided s far; When the AMC/SBR checks the slutins against the accurate trajectries prvided by the users, they may find an unexpected demand and capacity imbalance in the FAB. This may trigger a new iteratin with users; Near the peratin time: The Civil users may be invlved in the prcess t late; The Exercise needs at least 2 hurs t be prepared nce the lcatin f the VGA is fixed. An iterative lp in the sequential prcess may affect negatively the success f the missin. Lack f situatinal awareness at FAB level fr Users (staffing prblems, weather, number f sectrs, ); The users slutins may nt be cmpliant with the demand and capacity cnstraints identified by AMC/SBR; This may trigger an endless successin f iteratins with users; Inefficient use f resurces: tw actrs perfrming the same tasks at the same time (defining ptimum trajectries); In case the slutins prvided by users are nt aligned with AMC/SBR s, AMC/SBR may nt have enugh time fr iteratins with users. Hwever, the AMC/SBR will try t estimate the trajectries based n shrtest rutes and level capping; There is always a slutin in case the civil users d nt find an equitable slutin; Limited number f slutins t be assessed by the civil users. Since the input frm the users is cnsidered frm the very beginning f the prcess, there is always mre time than in the sequential prcess t find an equitable slutin; The slutins prvided by the AMC/SBR represent users preferences since the input frm the users are cnsidered frm the first step f the prcess. The ptimal slutin shuld cnsist f an intermediate ne: the AMC/SBR shuld take int cnsideratin the users preferences frm the beginning t discuss tgether the best slutins fr all. The idea is t have cmmunicatin with users during all the prcess but the respnsible fr the final slutin is the AMC/SBR. If the users preferences are nt initially cmpliant with the airspace restrictins, the AMC/SBR will try t find slutins t cnsider users prpsals. Table 4-1 General Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess. Page 50 f 103

51 Civil Users Invlvement... Disadvantages Advantages Suggestins Every individual user desn t have visibility f the ther users and therefre the preferences prvided t the AMC/SBR may be in cntradictin. Sequential prcess Parallel Prcess The slutins prvided t the AMC/SBR as a glbal slutin, may nt be cmpliant with demand and capacity cnstraints as they are presented as individual prpsals. The AMC/SBR receives prpsals fr change n trajectries frm the different users invlved and if the number f affected users is cnsiderable, the AMC/SBR may nt cpe with all their preferences and prpsals. If the number f affected civilian users is cnsiderable, the users may nt feel that the slutins prvided by the AMC/SBR t ensure the maintenance f capacity and safety levels are equitable and transparent. The lack f situatinal awareness at FAB level is wrsened because every individual user desn t have visibility f the ther users and the pssible ptins t be selected are higher than in the sequential prcess. Same disadvantages as in the sequential prcess related t the lack f transparency and cmmunicatins regarding AMC/SBR slutins. The users, as the trajectry wners prvide the mst accurate infrmatin n their wn trajectries. Therefre, the AMC/SBR may evaluate the situatins with real and desired trajectries instead f estimatins. T imprve the airspace users invlvement in the prcess and t ensure the cnsideratin f their interests, the intrductin f a new actr is prpsed: an Airline Crdinatr (AOCC) wh wuld represent the views f the airlines and wuld be in charge f cmmunicatins directly with the SBR/ASM. This actr wuld take part in the negtiatin prcess (when necessary) between civil and military actrs (Ex. Directr and AMC/SBR) and wuld ensure that the negtiatin abut trajectries changes is transparent fr the airlines wning the affected trajectries. Table 4-2 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t civil users invlvement. Page 51 f 103

52 Airline Crdinatr Invlvement... Disadvantages Advantages Suggestins Sequential prcess Parallel Prcess The AOC desn t knw the accurate trajectries f the preferred users, just general preferences cnveyed by users in advance; Nt all the airspace users may want t be represented by an AOCC; Thse that are nt represented by the AOCC may nt be treated with the same equitable way and may see the AOCC like a lbby. Same disadvantages than in the Sequential Prcess plus: The AOCC needs a supprt tl in rder t analyze a higher number f pssible slutins; The AOCC has a lack f situatinal awareness at FAB level fr Users (airprt cnstraints, staffing prblems, weather, number f sectrs ); The AOCC imprves the airspace users invlvement wh represents the views f the airlines. The AOCC ensures the cmmunicatin n the explanatin f the decisins taken by the AMC/SBR AMC/SBR wrks tgether with the AOCC frm the beginning f the prcess t btain, fr each pssible allcatin f the airspace reservatin, a number f slutins (set f mdified trajectries aviding the reserved area) ptimized taken int accunt previusly agreed indicatrs (peratinal quality indicatrs). The idea is t have cmmunicatin during all the prcess but the respnsible fr the final slutin is the AMC/SBR. The AOCC is nt respnsible fr deciding which the best slutin fr the netwrk is. Table 4-3 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t Airline Crdinatr invlvement. Page 52 f 103

53 Civil Users and Airline Crdinatr Invlvement... Disadvantages Advantages Suggestins Sequential Prcess Parallel Prcess The AOCC needs a supprt tl in rder t analyze a higher number f pssible slutins; The AOCC has a lack f situatinal awareness at FAB level fr Users (airprt cnstraints, staffing prblems, weather, number f sectrs ); The AOCC is nt respnsible fr deciding which the best slutin fr the netwrk is. Thse civil users that d nt feel being represented by the AOCCO wuld be invlved directly; AMC/SBR requests t the AOCC a slutin accrding t the cnstraints f the airspace reservatin, and the AOCC, tgether with the airspace users affected, wrk taking int accunt direct users preferences. The AOCC shuld always be aware f the prcess and intervenes when necessary taking part f the decisin nly if the prblem cannt be slved thrugh direct negtiatin between users and AMC/SBR e.g. a cnsiderable number f users are affected. Table 4-4 Advantages and Disadvantages f Sequential Prcess vs. Parallel Prcess accrding t Civil Users and Airline Crdinatr invlvement. Glbal Cnclusins: The ideal prcess wuld be a cmprmise between a parallel and a sequential prcess. The AMC/SBR shuld take int cnsideratin the users preferences frm the beginning t discuss tgether the best slutins fr all. The idea is t have cmmunicatin with users during all the prcess but the respnsible fr the final slutin is the AMC/SBR. If the users preferences are nt initially cmpliant with the airspace restrictins, the AMC/SBR will try t find slutins t cnsider users prpsals. This wuld mean restrictins n the trajectries fr the preferred VGA lcatins; The criteria t select the best lcatin f the VGA will be based in a cmbinatin f affected SBTs and previusly agreed peratinal users indicatrs alng with equitable and accessible indicatrs. These criteria was fully cvered and described in T ensure the transparency f prcess fr users and that the users preferences are taken int cnsideratin, a new functin arises called Airline Crdinatr. This new rle shuld wrk tgether (even in the same rm) with the AMC/SBR t identify the best slutin (equitable, suitable and feasible) fr airspace users. The Airline Crdinatr shuld nly intervene if the prblem cannt be slved thrugh direct negtiatin between users and AMC/SBR e.g. a cnsiderable number f users are affected; It is imprtant t keep the military in the negtiatin lp up t the end f the planning phase. The invlvement f the military is beneficial fr the prcess, and can help reaching a better slutin that minimise the impact caused by the reservatin while allwing the Exercise Directr t perfrm the planned military exercise. Even thugh the military has taken part in the prcess leading t the definitin f the VGA dimensining, it des nt mean that this previus agreement cannt be revised and new flexibility added. Page 53 f 103

54 When shared use is cnflicting with ther perfrmance expectatins, such as capacity, the AMC/SBR infrms the civil users and AOCC abut the glbal restrictin. The civil users with the help f the Airline Crdinatr will decide wh can access the preferred trajectries and fr thse wh cannt access, the civil users will decide hw t change their SBTs depending n their business mdels. The Airline Crdinatr functin will ensure the equity f the priritised users (Equity Indicatrs such as Number f times that same civil users have been affected and Histrical distrtins degrees). See fr detailed infrmatin n Equity Indicatrs. The fllwing figure reflects the ptimal prcess sketch. After analyzing several pssible prcesses, the mst prmising slutin highlights tw main needs: the exercise directr presence during all the prcess wh is willing t sften his/her needs and the civil users invlvement during all the prcess t ensure their interests cnsideratins. 1 2 Exercise Directr VGA needs and flexibility: Slutins MIL ASM Airline Crdinatr CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager 4 5 Evaluatin with real preferred reruted trajectries and VGA lcatin preferences the impact n airspace. Evaluatin f alternative slutins t ensure users preferences cnsideratins. 4 5 Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Evaluatin f users preferences. Figure 4-5 Optimal Prcess The Table 4-5 and Figure 4-6 shws in detail the Optimal Prcess. Page 54 f 103

55 Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Frm the day befre the airspace reservatin activatin and sme hurs befre this event... Step #1: First, the Exercise Directr requests his/her airspace needs t the AMC/SBR and infrms abut the flexibility in terms f lcatin, dimensin ad slt timing. This flexibility is translated t a set f pssible lcatins and dimensins. Step #2: Then, the AMC/SBR requests t Civil Users the preferred lcatin and dimensin f the VGA alng with their preferred trajectries amng all the military set f pssible VGA lcatins and dimensins. In parallel, the AMC/SBR analyses the different pssibilities. As the new preferred trajectries due t the pssible VGA lcatins and dimensins are still unknwn, the analysis will be dne thrugh high level indicatrs such as: Minimum number f affected trajectries and flight pririties. Fr detailed infrmatin n civil users and t ensure the equity, the AOCC wuld prvide mre specific infrmatin related t the mentined indicatrs. The AOCC shuld always aware f the prcess and intervenes when necessary if a cnsiderable number f users are affected. Step #3: The affected Civil Users/AOCC calculate the preferred VGA lcatins and dimensins and the preferred trajectries by evaluating their particular Operatinal Quality Indicatrs depending n their business mdels. Step #4: The AMC/SBR analyses the preferred trajectries accrding t the preferred lcatins and dimensin f the VGA and assesses the ne that has n negative impact at FAB level in terms f capacity and efficiency. Fr this assessment, the AMC/SBR calculates fr each VGA lcatin/dimensin and assciated users preferred trajectries and the different airspace cnfiguratins, the Cst f every Slutin. The Cst f Slutin is an indicatr that cnsist f: Equity indicatrs (Minimum number f affected trajectries, Histric infrmatin at FAB level, Minimum trajectries distrtin e.g. extra flight time and extra fuel cnsumptin), Demand and Capacity balance amng sectrs, Wrklad saturatin, Wrklad balance amng sectrs, Ttal wrklad. The best slutin (VGA lcatin/dimensin+ preferred trajectries +airspace cnfiguratin) will have the best Cst f Slutin. As the time ges by, the trajectries becme mre accurate and the military request may slightly change what wuld suppsed a refinement f the lcatin, dimensin and timing slt f the VGA. This step wuld suppse a repetitin f the prcess frm Step#2 t Step#4. Page 55 f 103

56 Simulatin Scenari #1: Lcatin and Refinement f a VGA Step #5a: If there is a psitive slutin with n negative impact at FAB level and minimum impact t civil users, the AMC/SBR infrms the Exercise Directr abut the slutin and requests his/her acceptance. Step #5b: If there isn t a psitive slutin (negative impact at FAB level and cnsiderable impact n civil users), the AMC/SBR will request t Exercise Directr mre flexibility, if pssible. In case there is extra flexibility, this step wuld suppse a repetitin f the prcess frm Step#2 t Step#4. Step #6b: If military cannt prvide extra flexibility, the AMC/SBR will cmmunicate the Civil Users/AOCC the glbal restrictin (maximum number f flights thrugh the affected vlume) and request them which flights will crss the restricted area and the distrted preferred trajectries f the rest. Step #7b: The Civil Users with the help f the AOCC will decide wh can access the restricted vlume and fr thse wh cannt access, the civil users will decide hw t change their SBTs depending n their business mdels. The AOCC will ensure the equity f the Civil Users by handling handle Equity Indicatrs: Number f times that each civil airspace user preferred trajectries have been affected, Degree f trajectry distrtins, peratinal quality indicatrs given by users, flight pririties and current number f affected SBTs r RBTs. Step #8b: The AMC/SBR will evaluate the slutin with the new trajectries. If there is a psitive slutin with n negative impact at FAB level, the AMC/SBR infrms the Exercise Directr abut the slutin and requests his/her acceptance. Step #6: After Exercise Directr acceptance, the SBR publishes in the NOP (it is suppsed the Netwrk Manager acceptance). Table 4-5 VGA Lcatin and Refinement. Optimal Prcess Page 56 f 103

57 EXERCISE DIRECTOR ntifies the airspace needs and as many details as pssible n flexibility in terms f slt timing, size, FLs and lcatin Exercise Directr EXERCISE DIRECTOR cmmunicates the new airspace needs AMC/SBR requests t civil users the business preferred trjectries and the range f VGA lcatins/dimensins/timing slts preferrences. In parallel, the AMC/SBR analyses the different pssibilities. As the new preferred trajectries due t the pssible VGA lcatins and dimensins are still unknwn, the analysis will be dne thrugh high level indicatrs such as: Minimum number f affected trajectries and flight pririties. Fr detailed infrmatin n civil users and t ensure the equity, the AOCC wuld prvide mre specific infrmatin The AOCC shuld always aware f the prcess and intervenes when necessary if a cnsiderable number f users are affected. MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Users (AOCs) cmmunicate the new set f trajectries fr the different pssible VGA lcatins/dimensins/timings as well as the preferred VGA lcatins t AMC/SBR Civil User #1 Civil Users analyse their preferred business trajectries fr the different VGA lcatins/ dimensins/timings and a range f slutins suitable fr them and the preferred nes. Fr that, the users evaluates their less penalising Operatinal Quality Indicatrs (passenger quality + perating cst). Exercise Directr Sub-Reginal Airline ManagerCrdinatr Yes The AMC/SBR analyses the preferred trajectries accrding t the preferred lcatins and dimensin f the VGA and assesses the ne that has n negative impact at FAB level in terms f capacity and efficiency. Fr this assessment, the AMC/SBR calculates fr each VGA lcatin/dimensin and assciated users preferred trajectries and the different airspace cnfiguratins, the Cst f every Slutin. The best slutin (VGA lcatin/dimensin+ preferred trajectries +airspace cnfiguratin) will have the best Cst f Slutin. Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Civil User #2 Civil User #3 Civil User #3 Is there flexibility? EXERCISE DIRECTOR analises if sme flexibility n the particular airspace reservatin cnstraints is pssible. AMC/SBR requests t the exercise directr sme flexibility (if pssible) t keep the impact n civil air trafffic t a minimum N MIL ASM Is this evaluatin psitive? Exercise Directr Sub-Reginal CIVIL ASM Manager NO EXERCISE DIRETOR cmmunicates that there s n pssibility t change the airspace restricitins. AMC/SBR infrms the users that there is n pssiblity f military flexibility and the assciated capacity cnstraint. The AMC/SBR will cmmunicate the Civil Users/ AOCC the glbal restrictin (maximum number f flights thrugh the affected vlume) and request them which flights will crss the restricted area and the distrted preferred trajectries f the rest. MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Users (AOCs) cmmunicate the new set f trajectries fr the different pssible VGA lcatins/dimensins/timings. Civil User #1 Users (AOCs) with the help f the AOCC will decide wh can access the restricted vlume and fr thse wh cannt access, the civil users will decide hw t change their SBTs depending n their business mdels. The AOCC will ensure the equity f the Civil Users by handling handle Equity Indicatrs Fr that, the users evaluates their less penalising Operatinal Quality Indicatrs (passenger quality + perating cst). Yes MIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Exercise Directr Sub-Reginal CIVIL ASM Manager Airline Crdinatr Civil User #1 Civil User #2 Civil User #2 Exercise Directr EXERCISE DIRECTOR checks this infrmatin AMC/SBR infrms the Exercise Directr abut the different pssible psitive VGA lcatins, alng with the flexibiliy that is cmpliant with bth the military needs and the FAB analysis frm AMC/ SBR. MIL ASM Civil User #3 Civil User #3 CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager Exercise Directr infrms the AMC/SBR that the prpsal is nt feasible anymre and sme changes are necessary. N Are the VGA lcatin, dimensin and the timing slt prpsal suitable? Yes AMC/SBR requests t the exercise directr apprval t the final VGA lcatin/ dimensin/timing Exercise Directr MIL ASM Exercise Directr CIVIL ASM Sub-Reginal Manager AMC/SBR publishes in the NOP that fr the fllwing day ne r mre lcatins/ dimensins/timings f the VGA are expected. MIL ASM Sub-Reginal CIVIL ASM Manager Figure 4-6 VGA Lcatin and Refinement. Optimal Prcess Stry Bard Page 57 f 103

58 4.3 EXPLORATION THE SUPPORTING TOOLS CAPABILITIES This sectin gathers the results related t the explratin the supprting tls needed t achieve an airspace rganizatin and management efficiently adapted t changing demand cnsidering civilian and military requests. One specific gaming sessin was perfrmed t analyse and identify the ptential functinalities f the what-if tl fr airspace rganizatin and management t supprt the decisins f Civil/Military Airspace Managers and Sub-Reginal Managers fr prviding the mst suitable airspace cnfiguratins. Hwever, during all the gaming sessins, the imprtance f the autmatin f the prcess was highlighted in rder t enable dynamic respnses t design, allcate, pen and clse military airspace structures. One f the cnclusins btained was that ne VGA lcatin prcesses implied lng time hrizns that are nt admissible if cnsidering that nt nly ne VGA needs t be planned several hurs befre the peratin but a cnsiderable number f different reserved areas. Therefre, nt nly the specificatin f the what-if tl capabilities have been cvered in the related gaming sessin, but als several requirements fr the supprting tls f all the rles invlved in the simulated prcesses have been gathered during all sessins Definitin f the What-If Tl Capabilities This sectin gathers the main results cnslidated with the expert participants during the gaming sessin fcused n the specificatin f what-if tl capabilities. The what-if tl is the supprting tl f the Civil/Military Airspace Managers and the Sub- Reginal Manager fr: Evaluating a set f pssible slutins related t the mst apprpriate rientatin f the VGA under given traffic cnditins accrding t an agreed cst f slutin indicatr; and Prviding the mst suitable airspace rganizatin assciated t each pssible VGA rientatins by: Cnsidering the user preferences and military airspace reservatins; Ranking them accrding t a cst f slutin; Ensuring the demand/capacity balance based n bth number f mvements and traffic cmplexity (ATC Wrklad) measurement; Assessing the impact at FAB level. The What-if tl wrks in an iterative way with several lps until the final decisin is agreed. The figure belw shws the infrmatin flws in the what-if tl, including the inputs frm ther actrs invlved in the prcess. Page 58 f 103

59 Sub-Reginal Manager MIL ASM CIVIL ASM Exercise Directr SUPPORTING TOOL Airline Crdinatr Civil Users Figure 4-7 Infrmatin Flws in the What-if Tl Fr each pssible VGA lcatin and taking int accunt estimated trajectries, the Cst f Slutin Indicatr Evaluatr cmpnent will calculate the Cst f Slutin Indicatr which is a cmbinatin f the fllwing factrs: Equitable criteria: Minimum number f affected trajectries, histric infrmatin at FAB level, minimum trajectries distrtin e.g. extra flight time and extra fuel cnsumptin; Demand and Capacity balance amng sectrs i.e. standard deviatin; Wrklad Saturatin Indicatr f the mst suitable airspace rganizatin; Wrklad Balance Indicatr amng sectrs f the mst suitable airspace rganizatin; Ttal Wrklad Indicatr f the mst suitable airspace rganizatin. The Airspace Organizer and Optimizer cmpnent f the what-it tl will be cmprised f fur main mdules: Airspace rganizer mdule which prvides a set f predefined airspace cnfiguratins cmpsed f elementary vlumes and taking int accunt the flexible military structure i.e. VGA. These slutins will cnsider temprary predefined rute structures in case the change f sectrizatins d nt slve the imbalances; Wrklad calculatr mdule which estimates the expected wrklad fr every peratinal cntrller fr all the predefined sectr cnfiguratins; Optimizer mdule which calculates the ptimum sectr cnfiguratin at each mment accrding t the fllwing criteria: ATC Wrklad Saturatin: Nne sectr shall be saturated fr the selected cnfiguratin; Page 59 f 103