NAV /26 June 2015 Centre of Lecco of the Polytechnic University of Milan

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1 NAV /26 June 2015 Centre f Lecc f the Plytechnic University f Milan Overview f Eurpean inland navigatin" Din TELESCA President f Atena s Inland Waterways Grup, Nvara, Italy, inf@studitelesca.it 1. INTRODUCTION Inland navigatin, invlving bth freight and passenger transprt, takes n great imprtance in many Eurpean cuntries, with prestigius waterways such as rivers Vlga, Danube and Rhine. Cnsequently, there are rganizatins dealing with the develpment f technical-administrative regulatins, such as the Cmmissins f the Eurpean Unin (in Brussels), f the Danube (in Budapest), f the Rhine (in Strasburg), f UNECE (in Geneva). Since a few years, the main aim f these assemblies is t harmnize the different regulatins: the first step has been taken with the Eurpean directives fr inland navigatin ships, elabrated by jint wrking grups (JWG) f Eurpean Unin Rhine Cmmissin. Als Danube s and UNECE s Cmmissins have been invlved in the effrt put int the creatin f a inland navigatin s unifrm pan-eurpean system. Passenger transprt in inland waterways plays a significant rle in sme areas: the Rhine Danube netwrk, the Russian Federatin, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. In Italy there s als a great number f daily trip passengers, mainly cncentrated in Nrthern Italian lakes and in the Venetian Lagn. The CEMT (The Cnfederatin f Eurpean Maritime Technlgy Scieties) has recently btained the accreditatin by UNECE and the Rhine Cmmissin, charging then Atena f representing the rganizatin. This wn t just be an ccasin f cultural enrichment, but it will als allw t its assciates, public and private peratrs, a cntinuus update abut the regulatins in frce. The harmnizatin will have t prceed alng with a revisin f the regulatins, in rder t make them flexible and adaptable t different kind f ships and navigatin znes. Finally, a reductin at a pan-eurpean level f the different ruling and legislating Cmmissins, all with varius titles and n numerus waterways is indeed desiderable, as it is the structuring f them in rder t render such Cmmittees mre efficient and simple.

2 2. FREIGHT TRANSPORT 2.1 Overview f freight inland transprt in Eurpe Table 1 Freight transprt in the selected UNECE cuntries (2007) (millin t-km) Inland waterways freight Rad freight Rail freight Ttal inland freight Austria Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Cratia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Lithuania Luxemburg Netherlands Pland Rmania Russian Federatin Serbia Slvakia United Kingdm Table 2 Freight transprt by inland waterway ( ) (1000 millin t-km) /1995 % change Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Cratia Czech Republic Finland France Germany ,15 Hungary Italy Lithuania Luxemburg Netherlands Pland Rmania Russian Federatin Serbia Slvakia Switzerland Ukraine ,2 United Kingdm Ttal

3 As dcumented in the 1996 White Paper, traffic levels in many Central and Eastern Eurpean cuntries shwed a marked decline after their transitin frm centrally planned ecnmies t market ecnmies. See the figures fr the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Pland, Russian Federatin, Serbia, Slvakia and Ukraine. This situatin has turned arund and increases are bserved tday in practically all f these cuntries. The decline bserved in Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland des nt reveal any significant trend, since the traffic cncerned and the distances cvered are relatively small. The adptin f the 1996 UNECE White Paper n trends in and develpment f inland navigatin and its infrastructure tk place in parallel with the final steps in adpting the AGN, pened fr signature at the Office f the United Natins in Geneva n 1 Octber AGN entered int frce n 26 July As f February 2011, it cunted seventeen Cntracting Parties: Austria, Belarus, Bsnia and Herzegvina, Bulgaria, Cratia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Republic f Mldva, Netherlands, Rmania, Russian Federatin, Slvakia, Switzerland and Ukraine. AGN establishes an internatinal legal framewrk laying dwn a crdinated plan fr develping a netwrk f inland waterways and prts f internatinal imprtance. Fifteen years after the adptin f the AGN, it is here described the state in 2011 f the AGN netwrk in the six main subnetwrks: A. Rhine-Danube netwrk (14,362 km r 47.6 % f the ttal length f the AGN netwrk (30,177 km)); B. Azv-Black-Caspian seas basin (9,339 km r 30.9 %); C. Baltic area (840 km r 2.8 %); D. Czech-Slvak centered netwrk (715 km r 2.4 %); E. Rhône-Saône basin (679 km r 2.3 %); F. Seine-Oise basin (632 km r 2.1 %); and G. Cstal rutes and cnnected inland waterways (2,774 km r 9.2 %). Figure 1 Map f the AGN netwrk

4 2.2 Western and central Eurpean regin The transprt vlume f freight transprted n inland waterways in the EU is arund 526 millin t (2012 figure). In Eurpe, far and away the largest vlumes are accunted fr by the Western Eurpean cuntries the Netherlands (332 mi. t), Germany (227 mi. t) and France (58 mi. t). These figures cannt hwever be aggregated, because this wuld result in duble cunting given the majr imprtance f crss-brder traffic. Inland navigatin in Belgium has made cnsiderable gains in recent years. 190 millin t were transprted in The grwth in the majr seaprts (Antwerp, Ghent) hinterland traffic plays an imprtant rle in this. Figure 2 Western and central Eurpe Waterways (2014) Being an imprtant cmmercial rute fr tw centuries, the Elbe river has been cnnected with a system f navigable canals with rivers Rhine, Weser and Oder. The waterway itself is navigable with cmmercial bats within the Eurpean territry, even t Prague, whilst ther systems f artificial canals link it t German s industrial areas and t Berlin. The Elbe-Lübeck canal cnnects the river t the Baltic sea, as the Kiel canal als des, the access t which is near Elbe s muth. Table 3 The actual fleet in NL and in Western Eurpe. Operatinal fleet Type f craft NL West Eurpean fleet Carg vessels Barges Mtr tankers Tank barges Tug/push bats

5 Pushers Passenger vessels N up t date infrmatin Apprx. 48% f the carg which passes thrugh the Prt f Rtterdam (440.5 millin tns in 2013) is transprted t the hinterland by inland waterway transprt. The main shipyards are lcated in Germany (Hamburg, Berlin, Hannver, Kln), Netherlands (Meppel, Millingen, Druten, Sas van Gent, Rtterdam), Belgium (Beez sur Meuse), Pland and France Table 4 f craft in the Rhine Fleet by year f build and size 31/12/2008 f craft in the Rhine fleet, by year f build and size Year / Class <400t t t t t t & + unknwn Ttal < unknwn Ttal Surce: IVR. 19 % 32 % 19 % 9 % 14 % 4 % 2 % 100 % 2.3 Danube Regin Within the Danube regin it is the cuntries f the lwer Danube regin (Rmania, Bulgaria) that bast the highest transprt vlumes. Rmania is in first place ahead f Bulgaria, but shws a mdest decline since 2010, frm an initial level f mre than 30 mi. t t arund 27 mi. t in The principal reasn fr this is the crisis in the steel industry. The central Danube regin (Hungary, Slvakia, Cratia) exhibits relatively stable vlumes f between 5 and 10 mi. t per year. Hungary and Cratia s agricultural wealth generates transprt mvements in this regin that are frequently integrated with glbal lgistics chains (e.g. the transprtatin f fdstuffs and fdder frm the Danube in Hungary via the Rhine and ARA seaprts bund fr verseas). Transprtatin in the upper Danube regin as well (Austria, Slvakia) is bradly cnstant ver time and is arund 10 mi. t. Table 5 Evlutin f the ttal capacity f the Danube fleet by cuntry between 1962 and 2005 Tugs Pushers Self-prpelled craft Twed barges Pushed barges Ttal Years Pwer in kw Pwer in kw Pwer in kw Tnnes dwt Tnnes dwt Tnnes dwt Pwer in kw Tnnes dwt Abbreviatin: dwt: deadweight tnnes. Surce: DC, Ouvrage de référence statistique pur la péride , Budapest, 2008.

6 Figure 3 General map f the Danube, publicatin f the Danube Cmmissin, Budapest 2009 The main shipyards are lcated in Linz/Austria, Bratislava/Slvakia, Kmarm/Slvakia, Zasavica (Serbia), Ruse/Bulgaria n 6 places in Rmania, and in Kilia/Ukraine. Their main tasks tday are mdernizatin and repairs f the fleet. Since 1992, year f cnstructin f the Rhine-Mein-Danube canal, it is pssible t ship frm Rtterdam ver the Nrth Sea, t Sulina n the Black Sea, ging thrugh the centre f Eurpe. The canal, lcated n the German territry and 171 km lng (frm Bamberg t Kelheim), links the Danube t the Mein, which then flws int in the Rhine. The waterway thus generated is verall lng apprximately 3500 km and ges thrugh the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Slvakia, Hungary, Cratia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Rmania and Ukraine. It s well-travelled either by ships fr freight transprt r cruiser and pleasure bats. 2.4 Russian Federatin Russian s system f Inland Waterways is 102,000 km lng f which 48,000 km has a guaranteed depth but als has, unfrtunately, a guaranteed clsing perid in winter. In Eurpean Russia, 72,000 km f waterways cnnect the Baltic Sea, White Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea and the Sea f Azv. Sme 9,000 km f this netwrk is pen t deep-draught river-sea shipping. Carg transprtatin (2014) millin tns Carg turnver (2014) millin t-km The Russian River Register (RRR) had, as f the 1st f January 2013, 22,442 inland ships in class, including mre than 1,000 river-sea navigatin vessels. This fleet may further be brken dwn int: 13,124 self-prpelled vessels, including: 1,505 passenger and passenger/carg ships, 1,044 dry carg vessels, 6744 tankers and 5,159 tugs

7 9,318 nn-prpelled vessels, including : 4,528 dry carg barges and 793 tank barges. Mst Russian inland ships are perated by large cmpanies such as the apprximately 400 river and sea-river ships (and a new building prgramme f sme 50 vessels)perated by VF Tankers, Nrth-Western Shipping C and Vlga Shipping, three cmpanies belnging t the Universal Carg Lgistics (UCL), a hlding cmpany based in Amsterdam. Figure 4 Map f Russian rivers The shipyards invlved in the building f inland and river-sea ships are mstly based alng the rivers, particularly alng the Vlga, and in the St. Petersburg and Mscw area. In 2012, 149 newbuildings were cnstructed under technical supervisin f RRR branch ffices, including 18 vessels built using elements f vessels having been in service (in newbuildings). They include: Table 6 Newbuildings f inland and river-sea ships in the Russian Federatin Year Newbuildings: Ttal including: self-prpelled nn-self-prpelled river-sea vessels f class: O-PR 10 2 M-PR 4 4 M-SP 14 7 If inland navigatin vessels werw built after the Technical Regulatins regarding the safety f inland water transprt bjects which had cme int frce ( ), in additin t RRR Rules they have t cmply with the requirements f this dcument and be certified accrdingly, including the design and the nbard equipment. Until nw the number f ships whse design cmplies with the Technical regulatins is 6, 1 self-prpelled vessel and 5 barges. 439 vessels have undergne the renvatin prcedure during the perid During new il tankers, in particular, 6 ships during

8 2.5 Other Eurpean cuntries Great Britain, Pland, the Czech Republic and Italy can be seen as anther grup f cuntries. In Great Britain in 2012 there was arund 3.7 mi. t f pure inland navigatin traffic namely ship traffic ccurring exclusively n inland waterways and which has nt verstepped the bundary int maritime waters. In additin t this internal inland waterway traffic there is riversea traffic extending int the Thames and Humber estuaries and the muth f the Manchester Ship Canals. Transprt mvements bund fr the Humber River principally riginate frm Duisburg, where trade with England has grwn up ver the past 50 years. The river-sea traffic exceeds the purely internal traffic vlumes apprximately eleven fld (40 mi. t in 2012). A multi-year time series fr purely inland navigatin traffic in Great Britain shws a small upward trend since Since 2011 this grwth has clearly been driven by the Manchester Ship Canal, linking the sea prt f Liverpl with Greater Manchester, and which is currently being develped t accmmdate an increase in cntainer traffic. In 2012, 1.6 mil. t f the abvementined 3.7 mi. t was transprted n the Thames.(A further 16 mi. t f river-sea traffic were transprted n this river). Pland pssesses a large inland waterway netwrk in the heart f Central Eurpe cnnected t its neighbr Germany and the Baltic prts f Szczecin and Gdansk via the Oder and Weichsel rivers. Unfrtunately freight transprt in recent years has suffered a significant decline. The mst imprtant reasn is the substandard waterway infrastructure. Inadequate bridge heights, prtracted perids f lw water and nn-peratinal lcks which translate int pr prfitability f this mde f transprt. A current reprt by the Plish gvernment audit institute Supreme Audit Office dated April 2014 cnfirms these prblems, citing the serius underfunding f the Plish waterway system as the reasn. Accrding t this reprt, arund 3.4 billin wuld be required t maintain the waterways t the standard cnsistent with their internatinal classificatin. The Czech Republic exhibits a cnsistent transprt vlume n a multi-year cmparisn f arund 1 mil. t annually. This Central Eurpean cuntry is lcated within the Elbe river area and thus in the hinterland f Eurpe s third largest seaprt, Hamburg. The Elbe, a hundred years ag Eurpe s busiest river, affrds adequately reliable cnditins fr inland waterway transprt nly n its middle and lwer reaches, between Magdeburg and Hamburg. A cnsistent minimum fairway depth f 1.60 metres cannt, hwever, be guaranteed n enugh days a year n the Elbe s upper reaches. Even s, the Elbe ffers majr ptential fr freight transprt frm Hamburg t the Czech Republic. Imprving the navigability f the Elbe is therefre ne f the EU Cmmissin s pririty TEN-T prjects. Italy s waterway netwrk is lcated exclusively in the nrth f the cuntry, and cmprises the P river and varius canals lcated arund the P. The P is navigable frm Pavia in Lmbardy, flwing 400 km eastward frm that pint befre jining the Adriatic suth f Venice in the frm f a delta. Currently the bulk f what is transprted n the P is sand, sil & building materials dredged frm the river. These transprt mvements are in pushed cnvys. The annual vlume is currently belw 1 mil. t. 3. PASSENGER TRANSPORT 3.1 Russian rivers and canals 12.7 millin passengers transprted in Passenger fleet: 1,505 ships 3.2 Rhine Danube basin

9 Shrt line cruises (Passau Vienna Bratislava Budapest): passengers (2013) Lng line cruises (Passau Danube Delta): passengers (2013) Lng line cruises (Amsterdam-Budapest): passengers (2013) Daily trip: 1. Vienna, Budapest, Passau: passengers (2013) 2. Other daily trip: n reliable data The Rhine passenger fleet: n reliable data The Danube passenger fleet cnsists (2014) f abut 170 vessels with apprximately places fr passengers. 3.3 Waterways f The Netherlands, Belgium and France There is significant passenger traffic, verall being daily trips, but there s n availability f up t date infrmatin abut fleet and number f passengers per year. 3.4 Italian waterways Big cngestin is created by daily passenger ships traffic n the lakes in the nrth f the cuntry and in the Venetian Lagn; average datas (2013): Nrthern and central Lakes: Passengers: 10 mil Fleet: 500 small ships (frm 20 t 150 pax each) 100 ships (frm 150 t 1200 pax each) Venetian lagn: Passengers: 18 mil Fleet: 800 ships (frm 10 t 150 pax each) 200 ships (frm 150 t 1200 pax each) 4. INLAND NAVIGATION GOVERNANCE - RULES IN FORCE AND RECOGNIZED CLASSIFICATION BODIES In the majrity f the Eurpean cuntries, the rules, prcedures and surveyrs all depend n Organizatins, bth public r recgnized by Gvernments, strictly separated frm maritime nes. Cuntries members f Eurpean Unin Rules in frce: 2006/87/EC Directive f the Eurpean Parliament and f the Cuncil f 12 December 2006 laying dwn technical requirements fr inland waterway vessels Recgnized Classificatin Bdies: Bureau Veritas, Rina, Germanischer Llyd, Llyd s Register f Shipping, Plski Rejestr Statków SA, Russian River Register Cuntries members f CCNR - Central Cmmissin fr the Navigatin f the Rhine (Germany, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland)

10 Rules in frce: The Rhine Vessel Inspectin Regulatins (RVIR) Recgnized Classificatin Bdies: Det Nrske Veritas, Bureau Veritas, Germanischer Llyd, Llyd s Register f Shipping Cuntries members f Danube Cmmissin (Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Mldva, Russian Federatin, Rmania, Republik f Serbia, Slvak Republik, Ukraine, Republic f Cratia) Rules in frce: Recmmendatins n Technical Requirements fr Inland Navigatin Vessels. f the Danube Cmmissin Recgnized Classificatin Bdies: DC has n list f recgnized Classificatin Bdies, as this tpic lies under natinal respnsibility f ur member states Russian Federatin Rules in frce: Rules f Russian River Register Recgnized Classificatin Bdies: RRR (Russian River Register), Rina Cuntries members f UNECE (Albania, Andrra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bsnia and Herzegvina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cratia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estnia, Finland, France, Gergia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Mnac, Mntenegr, Netherlands, Nrway, Pland, Prtugal, Republic f Mldva, Rmania, Russian Federatin, San Marin, Serbia, Slvakia, Slvenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The frmer Yugslav Republic f Macednia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland, United States f America, Uzbekistan) Reslutin f the UNECE s Wrking Party n Inland Navigatin: Reslutin N. 24 CEVNI: Eurpean Cde fr Inland Waterways Reslutin N. 61 Recmmendatins n Harmnized Eurpe- Wide Technical Requirements fr Inland Navigatin Vessels Recgnized Classificatin Bdies: UNECE has n list f recgnized Classificatin Bdies as this tpic lays under natinal respnsibility f ur member states In 2006, an EC Directive laid dwn the technical requirements fr inland waterway vessels (Directive 2006/87/EC f the Eurpean Parliament and f the Cuncil f 12 December), and this intrduced full harmnisatin f the technical requirements fr inland waterway vessels and Rhine regulatry prvisins (with regard t categry 3 f majr waterways). On the basis f this equivalence, the CCNR has recgnised the validity f Cmmunity certificates n the Rhine (Prtcl 2007-II-21), while Rhine certificates have als been recgnised n all EU waterways. In future, Rhine and EU regulatins will evlve in tandem s as t remain identical. REFERENCES Central Cmmissin f Rhine, Inland navigatin in Eurpe - Market Observatin in 2013 and perspective fr 2014/2015, 2014 Inland Transprt Cmmittee Wrking Party f Inland Water Transprt, White Paper n Efficient and Sustainable Inland Water Transprt in Eurpe, 2011 Ivanva Victria (RRR), Russia and its Maritime Industry, in SWZ Maritime, 2013