GEOGRAPHY 2, EXAM 5 (CH 10&11) STUDY GUIDE

Transcription

1 GEOGRAPHY 2, EXAM 5 (CH 10&11) STUDY GUIDE Sctt Phillips, MCCD NOTE: This guide is t cver sme f the main tpics we have discussed but des nt cver everything n the exam. T d well, yu need t carefully read and study the assigned chapters in the bk. Yu may want t als lk at ther infrmatin nline if that helps yu. CHAPTER 10. LATIN AMERICA Read and understand Altitudinal Znatin (tierra caliente, tierra templada, tierra fría, tierra helada) Altitudinal Znatin Tierra Caliente Ht, plantatin crps Tierra Templada Upper limit f Eurpean planatin agriculture Cffee mst imprtant crp Tierra Fria Mst f central Mexic Native American subsistence agriculture Tierra Helada Limited agriculture Ppulatin Large ppulatin by sub-regin Mexic (106m) Central America Guatemala (13m) Carabean Cuba (11m) Suth America Brazil (190m) High ppulatin grwth rate Higher than wrldwide average LDC grwth rate Natural Hazards Latin America is alng Pacific Ring f Fire zne f active earthquakes and vlcanes El Nin Warm water mves int Pacific cast Less nutrients than cld water Can t supprt same types f fish 1

2 Ntes n Latin American Regins Mexic Frm Aztec wrd Mexica (name fr themselves) High interir plateau Oil Farming 2 nrth-suth trending muntain ranges Many basins between ranges 3rd largest freign supplier f il t U.S. Ejid - A small cmmunally farmed r grazed plt f land Fair trade mvement attempt t get farmers mre livable wages Came abut after cllapse in cffee prices Industry Maquiladras In clusters Chinese cmpetitin Effrt t bst exprts f manufactured gds Large clusters near U.S. Brders Other imprtant clusters in Central Mexic and Yucatan Peninsula Steep jb lsses Energy maquiladras Prvide electricity t the U.S. Central America Cffee is largest exprt Histry f interventin by U.S. Mnre Dctrine Eurpean cuntries can t clnialize Latin America 2

3 Suth America Nrtheastern Venezuela Large il prducer Member f OPEC Trinidad & Tbag (near Venezuela) Largest Caribbean il prducer Atacama and Peruvian deserts Alng Peru's Pacific Shreline and nrthern Chile Extremely dry Rain shadw frm Andes Muntains Cld ffshre currents Shifting winds that parallel the cast Pampas Cre f Argentina Subtrpical grasslands Cattle (beef) Patagnia Suthern end f Suth America Dramatic landscape Sheep herding Brazil Frmer Prtuguese clny (Prtuguese dminate language, nt Spanish) Extensive trpical rainfrests Many parts being defrested fr agriculture Brazil is majr exprter f agricultural prducts Largest prducer f cffee Leading sugar exprter 2nd-largest sybean prducer Mstly in cut-dwn rainfrest Wrld's largest cmmercial cattle herd Largest misdistributin f natinal wealth in wrld Favela - Slums n the utskirts f a city Carribean Haiti and Defrestatin Mre than 90% f Haiti's frests have been lst Was valued wd (mahgany) fr furniture Lack f trees makes climate even drier 3

4 Native Peples f the Americas Nrth America Mississippian Eastern N. America Intensive maize (crn) agriculture Built earthen munds Anasazi Interir west U.S. Develped dwelling pattern based n puebl Ancestrs f the mdern Puebl peple Central Mexic Aztecs Capital Tenchtitlan Mdern Mexic City Empire when Spanish arrived Hernand Crtés Cnquistadr Identified with Aztec gd Quetzalcatl Tetihuacan Pre-Aztec civilizatin Largest pre-clumbian city (~125,000) Cmparable t Eurpean cities a century later Yucatan/Central America Maya Highly develped pre-clumbian empire Mathematics, Astrnmy Capital was Tikal Cities abandned but peple remain in regin Suth America Inca Empire Largest empire in the Americas (Peru and western S. America) The Andes Muntains Diverse agriculture (altitudinal znatin) 4

5 CHAPTER 11. UNITED STATES AND CANADA Physical regins Only 10% is arable, r farmable land Canadian Shield Ancient rcks Rich in minerals Tectnically stable N vlcanes, earthquakes, etc The Atlantic Castal Plain Lw and level Sandy, infertile sils Nt best farmland The Piedmnt Fthill regin between castal plain and muntains The Appalachian Mtns. Divide castal regin frm interir New England area Dairy farming Interir/Midwest Plains Great Plains Interir Plains Rcky Muntains Cntinental Divide Drainage t Atlantic r Pacific Great Basin Extensive plateaus Arid/Semiarid regin Rainshadw frm Sierra Nevada Extensive public lands Welfare Rancing Farmers allwed t graze animals n public land West Cast Califrnia Extremely diverse climates/bimes Mediterranean climate Cast Ranges #1 Ag. State Highest Muntain (Mt. Whitney) Nrthwest, Marine west cast climate Very wet, Marine (vs. Cntinental) climate 5

6 Immirgatin Immigratin T US, largest is Mexic T Canada largest is China Have an idea f what cuntry are majr surce f immigrants And what type f cuntries are nt Industry U.S. leads wrld in high tech sectrs Bth sftware and semicnductrs But mst electrnics assembled elsewhere At ne time U.S. was largest petrleum prducer Steel industry was nce key industry Irn re depsits near Lake Superir Bth site quality and situatin quality NAFTA Nrth American Free Trade Agreement Created the wrld's largest free trade area 450 millin peple $17 trillin gds and services. 6