Application of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Vietnam: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable transportation

Transcription

1 Applicatio of Itelliget Trasportatio Systems i Vietam: Challeges ad opportuities for sustaiable trasportatio Paper Idetificatio umber: SCS Truog Hoag Hai 1, Dih Va Hiep 2 Istitute of Plaig ad Trasportatio Egieerig (IPTE) Telephoe (+84-4) , Fax. (+84-4) haitruoghoag@gmail.com; 2 hiep.dihv@gmail.com Abstract The rapid developmet of iformatio techology ad commuicatios has created a opportuity to improve the efficiecy of road traffic by usig Itelliget Trasportatio System (ITS). The combiatio betwee trasport participats, vehicles ad road traffic ifrastructure through usig roadside equipmets ad traffic cotrol ceters takes a part i improvig the efficiecy of the trasportatio system ad quality of trasportatio services. ITS has bee studied ad successfully applied i may developed coutries i the world like the USA, Europe, Japa, Korea,... for over 30 years ad has become a importat part of their trasportatio developmet policies i the 21st cetury, especially for expressway etwork ad urba trasportatio. The mai applicatios of ITS o the expressway ad urba trasportatio iclude Traffic Maagemet Systems (TMS), Electroic Collectio (ETC) ad moitorig ad surveillace of vehicle overloadig system, which will help the use ad operatio of ifrastructure easier ad faster. Vietamese Govermet has plaed to build more 6,000 km of expressway from ow to Also, the Govermet has a pla of implemetig ITS for expressway systems ad itegratio ITS with urba trasportatio. The preset paper presets a overview of ITS developmet ad applicatio i order to provide a suitable solutio for applyig ITS i expressway ad urba trasportatio accordig to specific stages of developmet of Vietam. Also, the paper provides a evaluatio of ITS projects i Vietam to draw lessos ad recommedatios for further implemetig ITS i Vietam. The study results may help trasport agecies i effective applyig ITS i operatio ad maagemet of trasportatio systems i Vietam ad other Asia coutries where ITS has bee ewly itroduced. Keywords: Vietam, Itelliget Trasportatio Systems, expressway, draw lessos, ewly itroduced 1 The comprehesive study o the sustaiable developmet of trasport system i Vietam (VITRANSS 2) 94 Trasportatio for a better life:

2 1. Itroductio ITS has bee developed sice the year 60s of previous cetury ad applied widely i the world. I America, Japa, Euro ad developig coutries such as Thailad, Malaysia, ITS is a importat part i traffic system. ITS s applicatios are to improve efficiecy of traffic system by reducig 3 egative effects i trasport: traffic jam, traffic accidets, ad eviromet pollutio. At preset, Vietam is o the first stage of ITS developmet process. ITS developmet icludes two big parts: superstructure developmet ad ifrastructure costructio. Alog with them is to educate ad develop huma resources of operatio ad maiteace ad build up the habit ad user guide. ITS i Vietam will be developed for traffic o the express way ad urba trasportatio. 2. ITS Defiitio The Itelliget Trasportatio Systems (ITS) deote the applicatios of ew iformatio techologies ad commuicatios to trasportatio. They are called "itelliget" because their developmet is based o fuctios geerally associated with itelligece: sesory, memory, commuicatio, iformatio processig ad adaptive behavior [1, 2]. ITS combies 3 basic factors i traffic icludig drivers, vehicles, ad traffic ifrastructure i order to create efficiecy i operatio ad reduce egative effect caused by traffic. ITS developmet goes alog with iformatio techology developmet. Basically, it ca be divided ito 4 phases: Phase 1 from : the begiigs Phase 2 from : ivestmet i the road iformatio Phase 3 from : iteroperability, ticketig ad automated highway Phase 4 from : sustaiable mobility, multimodality ad road safety At preset, ITS applicatios oriet to sustaiable mobility, mutimodality ad esure road safety. 3. Curret Coditio of ITS Implemetatio i Vietam 3.1 Traffic Iformatio The road/traffic moitorig of the Voice of Vietam (VOV) is implemeted i Haoi ad HCM city curretly ad it will be exteded to whole NH1 route. Although the road/traffic iformatio is collectig from Closed-circuit televisio camera (CCTV), major iformatio is provided by the people who are drivig o the roads ad by the VOV reporters ad collaborators. The collectig iformatio is maily traffic jam, heavy traffic, ad costructio site. VOV istalled 66 CCTV cameras i major itersectios i urba area of Haoi city, ad the moitored movig image is trasmitted to VOV ceter with wireless commuicatio. The cameras are able to cotrol from VOV ceter. The collected images are provided to traffic police also ad utilized for its purpose. O the other had, the traffic police istalled 20 CCTV cameras at major itersectios withi the area of Rig Road 3 i Haoi ad moitorig them. The Haoi Traffic Police has a pla to istall 60 CCTV cameras additioally i The moitored movig image is trasmitted to traffic police ceter through optical fiber cable. I this system, the image processig techology is ot applied, ad oly utilized for visual judgmet. The moitored images are provided to VOV also. Fig. 1 ITS i the iterface Driver Vehicle -Route Source: Volpracht, Has-Jochim [2003] 95 Trasportatio for a better life:

3 Accordig to the pla, 4 tollgates are already equipped. 15 tollgates supposed to be equipped at the ed of this year, some cotracts have bee siged. Additioally, up to 20 tollgates ext year, ew cotracts are comig. I the future, they target 80% of tollgates will be equipped i Vietam. The DSRC system of Dau Giay gate which is usig Passive DSRC method. It is the same system already i operatio at Ca Tho Bridge. Fig. 2 Structure of Collectio ad distributio of traffic Iformatio by VOV Source: VITRANSS 2 [1] Fig. 3 Traffic Iformatio cetre of VOV 3.2 Locatio Iformatio Service based o GPS I Vietam, some bus ad truck compay have already istalled the GPS moitorig system for their drivig locatio at their ow operatio cetre. If actual traffic coditios is able to be acquired from these systems more reliable ad systematic traffic data will be provided i future. 3.3 Electroic Collectio (ETC) I Vietam, the "ifrared type" ad "DSRC type" has bee implemeted for the ETC system. Near Haoi city, the pilot project has bee implemeted DSRC system at Dau Giay gate o Natioal Highway No.1 Such systems implemeted by ViettiBak, all of the equipmets implemeted by usig the Build Operatio Trasfer (BOT) scheme. Fig. 4 ETC lae i Log Thah Dau Giay 4. Itierary of ITS developmet i Viet Nam 4.1 developmet plaig i Viet Nam Prime Miister promulgated the Decisio No. 1734/QĐ-TTg o the first of December 2008 approvig expressway etwork developmet plaig i VietNam to 2020 ad visio after year 2020 [3]. This Decisio shows clearly the govermet opiio about expressway costructio: buildig completely atioal expressway etwork for log term atioal developmet with the target of becomig idustrial coutry i I this Decisio, there are some purposes for expressway costructio such as: coectig major ceters, raisig the the coectivity with other carriers, esurig eviromet, ad solvig traffic cogestio Trasportatio for a better life:

4 Table 1 Developmet Pla of Vietam Item Total Legth (km) (Number) Executats Details 5, Vietam Corporatio Source: Miistry of Trasportatio, 2002 [4] Fig. 6 Road Map of ITS for Iter-city Road Network Source: VITRANSS2, 2010 [5] Geeral plaig of iformatio etwork As i the plaig, ITS model by atioal scope is divided ito 5 layers: the highest layers are atioal ITS ceter ad regioal ITS cetres. The lowest layer are toll laes. Each layers are coected with each others by high-speed optical cables. Layer 5 Natioal ITS Ceter Layer 4 North Regioal ITS ceter Middle Regioal ITS Ceter South Regioal ITS Ceter Layer 3 O&M Ceter O&M 1 Ceter O&M 2 Ceter ~ O&M Ceter O&M 1 Ceter O&M 2 Ceter ~ O&M Ceter O&M 1 Ceter O&M 2 Ceter ~ Layer 2 Fig. 5 Plaig for system of Vietam to 2020 ad visio after 2020 Source: VITRANSS2, 2010 [5] 4.2 Itierary of ITS developmet i Viet Nam By Vitrass 2 master plaig, ifrastructure developmet i VietNam is divided ito 3 phases. First phase to 2015, the secod phase to 2020 ad third phase to Alog with buildig the operatig cetres ad commuicatio etwork, there are 3 priority services for advace iplemetio icludig: traffic iformatio system, ostop toll collectio system, heavy truck cotrollig system. Other services to be itroduced i the future are iter-city bus assistace, coviiet parkig assistace ad road pricig. Layer 1 Lae 1~ Sectio 1 Lae 1~ Lae 1~ Lae 1~ Sectio m Lae 1~ Sectio z Fig. 7 Five layers i Natioal ITS architecture Source: VITRANSS2, 2010 [5] Three regioal mai ceters i Ha Noi, Da Nag ad Hochimih city will be i costructio. These ceters will receive iformatio form road maagemet cetres ad trasfer to atioal mai ceter. 97 Trasportatio for a better life:

5 Da Nag Quag Ngai Haoi Lag So Phap Va Cau Gie 131 WB, Detail desig N/a ADB FS ADB FS 30 Nexco FS Grad Aid, Govem et Source: VEC [2012] Basic Desig Approu ve Fig. 8 Three regioal mai ceter Source: SAPI, 2012 [6] At preset, Vietam Corporatio (VEC) has implemeted 10 expressway projects with total legth about 1000km. The ITS costructio for these expressways will be also destroyed. The Table 2 shows this road lie i detail Name of project Table 2 project implemetatio project implemetatio Leg th (km) Fude d by Costru ctio status ITS system Fuded by ITS istallatio status 5. Basic advatages 5.1 Telecommuicatio ad iformatio ifrastructure at good situatio Vietam started the process of ITS ifrastructure ad superstructure plaig ad developmet at the time whe telecommuicatio ad iformatio ifrasture is i good developmet. There are three big domestic mobile operators ow icludig: Viettel, Mobiphoe, Viaphoe, which have already supplied 3G high-speed service. Other Iteret service suppliers such as FPT, Megav..have their ow optical cable etworks ad are ready to hire. Nowadays, Vietam Post ad Telecommuicatios Group (VNPT) is egotiatig with VEC about beifit exchage. By this way, VNPT will use techical pipes alog expressways developed by VEC for passig cables, ad VEC will have right to use VNPT s cable cores for trasferig ITS service i exchage. At this time, some agreemets have bee siged. Cau Gie Nih Bih HCM Trug Luog Haoi Hai Phog Haoi Thai Nguye HCM- Log Thah Dau Giay Noi Bai Lao Cai Be Luc Log Thah 50 Gove met Complet e 40 N/a Complet e 105 Dome stic (Vidifi ) Uder costruct io 62 Uder costruct io 55 ADB, Uder costruct io 264 ADB Uder costruct io 45 ADB, Detail desig Govemet ODA Korea ODA Korea ODA Korea Keximb ak Uder costruc tio Basic desig Basic desig FS Biddig FS Basic Desig 5.2 Preferetial borrowig capital from fiacig agecies ad ivestors ITS projects which have bee implemetig i Vietam, attract the iterest ad attetio from domestic ad overseas ivestors. Preset expressway costructio projects usig capital from Japa Iteratioal Cooperatio Agecy () ad Asia Developmet Bak (ADB) will be supplied ODA by for cotiuig ITS system buildig. Korea ivestors as Korea Eximbak or Korea Iteratioal Cooperatio Agecy (KOICA) also participate actively ito domestic projects. Besides, some other domestic ivestors as also take part i costructio ivestig ad exploitig for beefit. I October, 2011, also put Grad Aid project of $7 millio ito ITS system buildig for Rig road 3 ad first sectio of lie Phap Va- Cau Gie. This project has bee approved by Govermet ad will be coducted by this year. 98 Trasportatio for a better life:

6 I coclusio, the capital resources for ITS are very exuberat, which is a advatage for ITS ifrasture ad superifrasture architecture plaig ad buildig i Vietam. Viet am govermet must have reasoable borrowig policy for mobilizig ad usig efficietly capital ad payig back Table 3: Foreig Ivestmet Tred i Vietam by Years (uit: US$ millio) RFID techology because it is suitable with their demad ad ifrasture. Table 4: Compair betwee RFID & DSRC active Name RFID DSRC active Figure Item Number of New Ivestmet Amout of New Ivestmet 987 1,544 1, , , , , ,229.6 Source: Miistry of Plaig ad Ivestmet (MPI), Vietam 6. Difficulties i ITS costructio i Vietam 6.1 Disgree about usig commuicatio techology i ETC i differet projects Now, a existig problem i ITS projects of Vietam are disagreemet about commuicatio techolgy i Electric Collecto (ETC). I some projects of ITS costructio usig Govermet capital (bod capital ad other resources..), techoology used i Electric Collectio ETC is Radio-frequecy Idetificatio (RFID) techology Mhz. For example : o the expressway Cau Gie- Nih Bih, RFID is used. I projects usig ODA capital (, ADB, WB,..), techology DSRC 5.8GHz is studied i usig. For example, project Ho Chi Mih- Log thah- Dau Giay, techology DSRC 5.8Ghz active is studied ad ecouraged to be used. This leads to the ecessity to study about system itegratio avoidig coflict whe coectig atioal ITS etwork. However, for log time, it is eccesary to usig oly oe kid of techology. Basically, there are differeced betwee RFID & DSRC. DSRC is used i some coutries as Japa, Korea because of their good telecommuicatio ifrastructure. However i developed coutries as America or Idia ad Thailad, they still used Detail ame Radio Frequecy Idetificatio Frequecy 2.4Ghz 5.8GHz Dedicated Short- Rage Commuicatios Data trasfer Up to 100 Kbit/s 6-27Mbps Effect distace Up to 10m Up to 1000m Vehicle equipmet RFID tag OBU Price Cheap Expesive Paymet possible Use coutries Credit card Thailad, America, Idia debit card & credit card Japa, Korea Accuracy Lower Higher Iteratioal stadard Established Established Roadside equipmet cost Low Low Source: Dih Va Hiep et al., 2012 [7] Curret difficultes is techology itegratio ad priority techology selectio for depelopmet. 6.2 Difficulties i maagemet, operatio ad usig Maagemet ad Operatio It requires to have highly educated techical teams i ITS maagemet ad operatio. The educatio process eed to be coducted i lie with sytem costructio. Nowadays, Vietam does ot have ay experiece i ay ITS maagemet ad operatio. Therefore, it is eccessary to have educatio program so that oe techical team is ready for maagemet ad operato right after the first complete system goes ito activatio. 99 Trasportatio for a better life:

7 Problems about users To make use of beifit from ITS, users must have kowledge of termial equipmet ad iformatio access. Now, there is still limitaio i ew techology access, drivers still get accquaited with old drivig method. So, whe usig ew teecjchology, they are still at fault ad eed more time to use. Therefore, alog with buildig, it is eccessary to propagate, educate ad istructe operatio to esure effeciecy i usig. Problems about ivestmet phasig Ivestmet phasig is very eccessary to esure the efficiecy i ivestig ad usig capital. I Viet am, it is importat to cosider followig factors: Ivestmet efficiecy, reimbursability ad payback period. Traffic demad i lie. ITS services are oly supplied if eough big traffic volume Users demad ad efficiecy Table 5: Ivestmet phasig alterative i Noi Bai Lao Cai ITS project Item 1 st Phase 1-A 1-B 2 d Phase 3 rd Phas e Total VDS CCTV VMS LCS CSS Weather Observati o Collectio System Oe-stop 23Etrac es 26 Exits No-stop 2 Etraces 2 Exits Oe-stop 14Etra ces 16 Exits No-stop 11Etra ces 12 Exits All No - stop Oe stop(2 d ) 14Etra ces 16 Exits Nostop (2 d ) 11Etrac es 12 Exits Source: F/S of ITS system for Noi Bai Lao Cai Expressw ay, Miistry of Trasport, 2012 [8] 7. Coclusio With the curret requiremet of expressway etwork developmet for ecoomic developmet, the key to esure the efficiecy of operatio, exploitatio ad maiteace is to apply ITS. Usig ITS ot oly takes part i reducig egative effect caused by traffic but also raises the ability of exploitatio ad operatio, leadig to ecoomic ad social beefits. This is also a premise to build stable ad fredly traffic system. Besides advatages, there are some difficulties as aboved aalysis, which creates obstacles for ITS applicatio ad developmet i traffic maagemet ad operatio. Therefore, it is eccessary to educate huma resources with high skill, ad techology kowledge for system operatio. It is also to phase ivestmet stages for usig effecietly. Besides, to uify stadards used i atioal ITS ifrasture ca ot be igored to esure the coectivity ad cotiuatio betwee systems. Oe traffic system with high speed ad effeciet operatio by moder ITS ifrasture will be a ushakeable trafice system, a basis for ecomomic developmet/. Refereces [1] Mashrur A. Chowdhury & Adel W. Sadek (2003). Fudametals of Itelliget Trasportatio Systems Plaig, Artech House Publishers. [2] Bob McQuee & Judy McQuee (1999). Itelliget Trasportatio Systems Architectures, Artech House Publishers. [3] Decisio No.1734/QĐ-TTg (2008). Approvig the Vietam Network Developmet Master Pla toward 2020 ad a visio beyod 2020, Haoi, Vietam. [4] Miister of Trasport (2007). Vietam Network Developmet Pla Project, No. TA 4695-VIE, ADB Techical Assistace, Haoi, Vietam. [5] Miister of Trasport (2009). The comprehesive study o the sustaiable developmet of trasport system i Vietam (VITRANSS 2), Techical Assistace Haoi, Vietam. [6] Miister of Trasport (2011). Study for assistace of ITS itergratio project implemetatio over Natial highway No3 ad 100 Trasportatio for a better life:

8 Haoi metropolita area, Techical Assistace, Haoi, Vietam. [7] Dih Va Hiep et al. (2012). Study o framework to evaluate the appropriateess for apply Itelliget Trasport System (ITS) to project i Vietam, Miistry of Traiig ad Educatio, Vietam [8] Miister of Trasport (2012). Feasibility Study Report o the ITS Istallatio Project for NoiBai-LaoCai i the Socialist Republic of Vietam, Fesibility Study Report, Haoi, Vietam 101 Trasportatio for a better life: