Trading of Agricultural Products between Countries from Balkan Region

Transcription

1 World Joural of Agricultural Research, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 2, Available olie at Sciece ad Educatio Publishig DOI: /wjar Tradig of Agricultural Products betwee Coutries from Balka Regio Ilaz Ameti 1,*, Naser Raimi 2, Oriola Vukaj 3 1 State Uiversity of Tetovo, Faculty for bussies admiistratio, Shkolla Fillore, Kogresi Maastirit Çair Shkup, Republic of Macedoia 2 State Uiversity of Tetovo, Faculty of Ecoomics Shkolla Fillore, Kogresi Maastirit Çair Shkup, Republic of Macedoia 3 Agricultural Uiversity, Faculty for Ecoomy ad Agrobussies, UBT, Kodër-Komër Street.., 1000 Tiraa, Republic of Albaia *Correspodig author: Ilaz.amet@hotmail.com Received February 25, 2015; Revised April 02, 2015; Accepted April 08, 2015 Abstract Republic of Macedoia has solid trade relatios with may coutries i the world. The most importat trade parters for Macedoia, whe cosiderig tradig volume ad value, are member states of EU ad coutries from Balka regio. Trade value of agro complex products is o average 556, 2 millio $; 63, 9% goes to food; 15, 55% to beverages ad 25, 7% to tobacco. Import value exceed export value by 721, 2 millio $. I view of export value for both aforemetioed values, goes to Serbia ad the least to Moldova. I the same time, whe cosiderig export value per perso of agro complex products first place goes to Kosovo, ad last to Moldova while fruits ad tobacco comes from Serbia, ad the least from Romaia. I geeral Macedoia s most importat trade parter i Balka regio is Serbia, secod place Kosovo while tradig with Moldova is early isigificat Keywords: Balka, agro complex, export, import, cost, average, rakig list Cite This Article: Ilaz Ameti, Naser Raimi, ad Oriola Vukaj, Tradig of Agricultural Products betwee Coutries from Balka Regio. World Joural of Agricultural Research, vol. 3, o. 2 (2015): doi: /wjar Itroductio Food productio is the most importat huma activity, first for its ow existece, ad secodly for aimal utritio. Larger umber of agricultural products is used i their basic form, while other products are processed i food idustry. Also, some products are trasformed ito high-quality livestock products. Agricultural productio i the Republic of Macedoia has relatively high ecoomic value. Whe expressed i curret cost, agricultural productio i Macedoia i 2013 reached 556, 7 millio $ out of which 70% goes to vegetable products, ad the rest to livestock products. Agricultural surpluses are subjects of atioal ad iteratioal trade exchage. The Republic of Macedoia has import-export relatios with almost every coutry i the world. Macedoia agro complex, i.e. food sector, had cotiuously imbalace betwee export ad import, accordig to Aakiev B., N. Georgiev [1] who coclude that, because of the relative proximity, traditioal or easily available liks ad other advatages over other markets, the Balka coutries is especially suitable for fresh products such as vegetables ad fruits, grapes for eatig, early vegetable products, ad products iteded as raw material for caed idustry. The flow of goods, which is already growig durig the accessio discussios, will itesify betwee the old ad ew member states, especially i case of agricultural ad food products. This is fully aticipated also because of the prior experieces of those CEECs who joied i 2004 ad 2007 (Kazlauskiee, Meyers, [6]. To icrease export of agricultural ad food products Vlahovic B. et al. [4] is recommed moderizatio of agricultural ad food idustry as well as differet attitude toward farm subjects i the agro-idustry. The most importat parter for the Republic of Macedoia is EU, ad right behid are the coutries from Balka regio. 2. Data Source ad Workig Method I this thesis, alog with data from the literature, as well as official data from the state istitutios, maily from State Statistical Office, ad Miistry of Ecoomy i the Republic of Macedoia, there are also iformatio provided by web pages of statistical offices of coutries i the Balka regio. Some of them are take from FAOSTAT ad EUROSTAT. Whe compared with atioal statistics, these iformatio showed some differeces. This is because atioal statistics ad iteratioal istitutios use differet methods for iterpretig the data. Therefore, to provide objective researches, their tedecies, commo correlatios ad validity, the followig methods were used: Descriptio, iterdiscipliary approach, history aalogies, comparative method ad theoretical aalysis. The goal of this thesis is to provide a aalysis of the structure of uprocessed

2 World Joural of Agricultural Research 87 agricultural products trade exchage with the coutries i Balka regio, with a emphasis to vegetable, fruits ad tobacco because the Republic of Macedoia has positive trade balace oly for these specific products [2]. I. Avarage volue or arithmetic calculatio usig the formul; i 1 j x = x + x + x + + x X = = II. Productio value i a free ecomomy usig the formula; V = PxQx + PYQYa III. Bilas success formula; ( P + I ) ( CD E ) E = + r m 2.1. Merchadise Trade betwee the Republic of Macedoia ad Coutries from Balka Regio Average value of export of agricultural products from agro complex i coutries from Balka regio ( ) is $, which is almost 64, 51% of total agro complex export ( $). The good thig is that export value rises every year Table 1. x Table 1. The export value of agro complex (000 $) Coutry Idicator Average Agrocomplex ,6 Albaia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco % of share i agrocomplex 13,14 20,77 0,59 0,60 0,53 7,12 Agrocomplex ,6 Bosia ad Herzegovia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,8 % of share i agrocomplex 20,22 22,11 12,97 16,21 22,16 18,73 Agrocomplex ,6 Bulgaria Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex ,82 80,28 80,26 87,42 64,55 Agrocomplex ,6 Greece Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,6 % of share i agrocomplex 75,00 58,22 55,40 57,29 62,74 61,73 Agrocomplex ,6 Kosovo Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 0,87 0,71 0,94 0,96 1,15 0,92 Agrocomplex ,6 Moldova Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex ,54 91, ,67 Agrocomplex ,6 Romaia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 30,99 43,80 55,19 37,56 26,93 38,89 Agrocomplex ,2 Serbia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,2 % of share i agrocomplex 32,74 33,06 31,17 31,85 29,77 31,71 Agrocomplex ,6 Croatia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco % of share i agrocomplex 27,63 24,36 20,07 22,54 27,70 24,46 Agrocomplex ,6 Moteegro Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,8 % of share i agrocomplex 33,20 19,87 16,76 17,34 20,84 21,60 Agrocomplex ,6 Balka Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 40,18 33,80 29,57 30,18 33,48 33,44 World Agrocomplex The other bad thig is that export of vegetable, fruits ad tobacco also decrease every year, but accordig to relative share i agro complex export, it has very weak itesity. The most importat trade parter for the Republic of Macedoia whe cosiderig export of agricultural ad food products is Serbia with almost 37, 04% share i total export i the regio Table 2. O the other side is Moldova with which Macedoia has the least 0, 01% export value. The value of agro complex products export betwee eighborig coutries of the Republic of Macedoia is o average $. Table 2. Rakig list of the coutries i the regio cosiderig export value Agrocomplex Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco. Rak Coutry $ /capita Rak Coutry $ /capita 1 Serbia 114,964 1 Serbia 36,450 2 Kosovo 57,393 2 Greece 31,715 3 Greece 50,733 3 Bulgaria 28,825 4 Croatia 43,849 4 Croatia 10,773 5 B&H 39,372 5 B&H 7,382 6 Bulgaria 34,635 6 Kosovo 5,304 7 Albaia 22,882 7 Romaia 3,200 8 Moteegro 14,183 8 Moteegro 3,011 9 Romaia 8,188 9 Albaia 2, Moldova Moldova 341 Source: Statistic aual reports by the coutry ad our ow calculatios.

3 88 World Joural of Agricultural Research Accordig to the export value of vegetable, fruits ad tobacco (group of products formed by SITC [14] Macedoia most importat parter is Serbia with average export value of $. Secod place goes to Greece, third Bulgaria ad Bulgaria switched places. Kosovo was o the secod place by the agro complex export value, ad this idicator shows that place o the rakig list ow belogs to Greece. Moldova is o the last place with average share of 0, 03% i total value of vegetable, fruits ad tobacco export. Macedoia eighborig coutries also have great meaig accordig to this idicator, because their share i total value of vegetable, fruits ad tobacco export goes as high as 90%. Whe calculatig the export value i EUR per capita for coutries i the regio, Kosovo becomes the most importat trade parter for Macedoia. Every citize of Kosovo i last period of time ( ) purchased agro complex products from the Republic of Macedoia worth 29, 26 $ ad 3, 06 $ worth products like vegetable, fruits ad tobacco Table 3. Table 3. Rakig list for the coutries i the regio, accordig to export value. Agrocomplex Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco. Rak Coutry $ /capita Rak Coutry $ /capita 1 Kosovo 29,26 1 Serbia 5,11 2 Moteegro 22,68 2 Moteegro 4,81 3 Serbia 16,14 3 Bulgaria 3,91 4 B&H 10,25 4 Kosovo 3,06 5 Albaia 7,26 5 Greece 2,94 6 Bulgaria 4,70 6 Croatia 2,51 7 Greece 2,94 7 B&H 1,92 8 Croatia 1,90 8 Albaia 0,69 9 Romaia 0,4 9 Moldova 0,2 10 Moldova 0,1 10 Romaia 0,1 Source: Statistic aual reports by the coutry ad our ow calculatios. O the other side, citizes from Moldova ad Romaia spet at least moey for buyig Macedoia agricultural ad food products Import from Coutries i the Balka to the Republic of Macedoia Table 4. Agro complex import value (000 $) Coutry Idicator Average Agrocomplex ,2 Albaia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 23,55 26,47 27,31 39,60 39,25 31,23 Agrocomplex ,2 Bosia ad Herzegovia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 0,34 0,28 0,12 0,02 0,15 0,18 Agrocomplex ,4 Bulgaria Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,8 % of share i agrocomplex 0,02 0,10 0,12 0,01 0,30 0,11 Agrocomplex ,6 Greece Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,6 % of share i agrocomplex 9,35 13,30 16,47 21,30 18,72 15,82 Agrocomplex Kosovo Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 0,10 0,47 0,44 0,66 0,31 0,39 Agrocomplex ,8 Moldova Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,2 % of share i agrocomplex ,44 0 0,08 Agrocomplex ,8 Romaia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,6 % of share i agrocomplex 0,78 0 0,15 0 0,03 0,19 Agrocomplex Serbia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 0,08 0,04 0,50 0,04 0,08 0,14 Agrocomplex ,6 Croatia Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco % of share i agrocomplex 0,32 0,33 0,33 0,06 0,15 0,23 Moteegro Agrocomplex Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,6 Balka % of share i agrocomplex 15, ,03 Agrocomplex Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco ,4 % of share i agrocomplex 2,75 2,78 5,17 2,93 3,78 3,482 World ,6 Source: Our ow calculatios based o statistical data. Besides exportig agricultural surplus, the Republic of Macedoia imports agricultural products, maily whe atural (climatic) coditios are ot i accordace with optimal values (for example durig witer). The coutries i the regio are valuable trade parters because total value of agro complex products which are imported from these coutries is o average ( ) $, or 43, 49% of total import value i the coutry. I the period we researched, there was cotiuous icrease of import value oly i the last year of the research period

4 World Joural of Agricultural Research 89 had little of about 1% from the previous year i 2012 Table 4. First place, obviously, goes to Serbia. But comparig import ad export values from Serbia, import value exceed export value by 54, 6 millio $. Table 5. Rakig list of the coutries i the regio, accordig to import value Rak Coutry Agrocomplex (000 $)) Rak Coutry Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco (000 $)) 1 Serbia 169,573 1 Bulgaria Bulgaria 52,307 2 Greece Croatia 45,534 3 Croatia Greece 42,390 4 Moteegro B&H 23,699 5 Serbia Romaia 6,025 6 B&H Kosovo 5,928 7 Albaia Albaia 2,185 8 Romaia 57 9 Moteegro Kosovo Moldova Moldova 5 Whe cosiderig Bulgaria, Macedoia imports vegetable, fruits ad tobacco the most. But, import value exceed export value by 77%.Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco import value from Moldova is of miimum value, i.e. oly 0, 02% share of total import value from the coutries i the regio. Average agro complex products import value from eighborig coutries of the Republic of Macedoia is $, which is almost 43, 49% of import from all coutries i the regio. If the meaig of trade parters is rated by relative share i total vegetable, fruits ad tobacco import, the the most importat are first eighbors (Albaia, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo ad Serbia) from where comes ear 90% of total import. Exchage balace with coutries i the regio Whe tradig agro complex products with coutries i the Balka regio, the Republic of Macedoia has positive trade balace Chart 1. The aalysis of balace by the coutry shows that there are coutries from where Macedoia imports products with higher value tha export value. This deficit has ustable value, i.e. it differs from year to year. Cotrary to the agro complex compositio, Macedoia has surplus as high as 95 billio $ from the exchage of raw vegetable, fruits ad tobacco Table 6. The higher positive balace is with Greece, opposite to Moldova. Table 6. Balace of export ad import for vegetable, fruits ad tobacco (000 $) Average Greece Serbia Bulgaria Kosovo B&H Croatia Albaia Moteegro Romaia Moldova Balka Source: Our ow calculatios based o statistical data.

5 90 World Joural of Agricultural Research 3. Coclusios ad Recommedatios Based o the results from the research of the orgaizatio of market of agricultural products i Balka regio, followig coclusios ca be made, as well as the recommedatio for exteral exchage with foreig coutries: 1. The market for agricultural ad food products i the coutries from the Balka regio is relatively high, because the regio ecompasses about 8% of total territory of Europea cotiet, ad 10% of total Europea populatio. 2. The most iterestig agricultural products import, cosiderig degree of populatio are Kosovo, Albaia, ad the Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia ad Greece, because i the coutry with higher populatio the distributio of the products is faster ad cheaper. 3. I the coutries from the regio, the highest agro complex export (accordig to the value idicator) is with Serbia, ad the least with Moldova. Vegetable, fruits ad tobacco exports the most i Serbia, ad the least i Moldova. 4. If the total export is i correlatio with the umber of citizes i the import coutries, the the first o the rakig list is Kosovo, ad the last Moldova. 5. Accordig to the agro complex import, the first o the rakig list is Serbia, ad Bulgaria is the first i vegetable, fruits ad tobacco import. The least import comes from Moldova. 6. Positive balace i the regio comes from exteral trade exchage with vegetable, fruits, grapes, wie ad tobacco, because of higher import ad export value. Refereces [1] Aakiev B. Sekovska Blagica (2005): Macedoia imbalace betwee exports ad imports of food. Proceedigs: Access the products agro complex to exteral ad iteral market, 38-51, ad MAFWE Skopje. [2] Ameti I. (2013): Orgaizatio of the market for agricultural products i the Balka regio. Doctoral dissertatio, Ss, Faculty of Agricultural Scieces ad Food, Skopje. [3] Blazhevski B. (1999): Removal restructurig agrokompleksot. Proceedigs: Third Scietific Meetig of Agrarias of RM April 1999, Bitola. [4] B. Vlahov, D. Tomiħ, Gorgeviħ M. (2011): Foreig trade of agroidustrial products Daube regio coutries. EP, o. 58, SB-1, , Belgrade. [5] Lampietti, J., Lugg, D., Va der Cele, P., Braczik, A. (2009): The Chagig Face of Rural Space - Agriculture ad Rural Developmet i the Wester Balkas, World Bak, Washigto, USA. [6] Kazlauskiee, N., Meyers, W. H. (2004): Implicatios of EU Accessio for Trade Regimes ad Trade Flows of CEECs, Agricultural Scieces, Lithuaia Academy of Scieces, [7] Mizik, T. (2011): A Sapshot of Wester Balka s Agriculture from the Perspective of EU Accessio, Studies i Agricultural Ecoomics. [8] Volk, T. (ed.), (2010): Agriculture i the Wester Balka Coutries, Studies o the Agricultural ad Food Sector i Cetral ad Easter Europe, Vol. 57, IAMO, Halle/Saale, Germay. [9] World Bak (2013): Albaia. World Bak Group Partership Coutry Program, March, 2013, Washigto D.C., USA. [10] Zeeli M., Melai P. (2012): Nxitja e produktiviteteit të agroidustrisë ë Shqipëri. Koferecë shkecore dërkomtare: Eficieca dhe kokurueshmëria e prodhimit ë sipërmarjet e agrobizesit, Tiraa,Albaia. [11] [12] [13] [14] 8#q=stadard%20iteratioal%20trade%20classificatio.