An Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. Evaluation of tourism ecological environmental carrying capacity of southwest

Transcription

1 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : Volume 0 Issue 9 BioTechology 0 A Idia Joural FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 0(9), 0 [-] Evaluatio of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of southwest Qiog Su Tourism Istitute of Beijig Uio Uiversity, Beijig, 000, (CHINA) sqqkkw@6.com ABSTRACT It is well-kow that the sustaiable developmet of tourism derives from ecological eviromet. Southwest is the oe of the most eriched area of Chia s tourism resources. Tourism ecoomy has become the growth poit of ecoomic developmet i southwest area. Achievemet of harmoious developmet betwee tourism ad ecological eviromet is a importat topic of promotig ecoomic growth of southwest area that eed to be deep thought. Research holds that tourism ad has a complemetary with ecological eviromet. Proper tourist activity ca promote the developmet of ecological eviromet. However, too may activities are boud to affect the sustaiable developmet of eviromet []. This paper aims to evaluate the tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity i southwest area ad foud that tourism carryig capacity shows i differet are of southwest shows complete differet situatio, which worries people a lot. Therefore, we must solve the existig problem to achieve sustaiable developmet of regioal tourism ecoomy. KEYWORDS Tourism; Ecological eviromet; Evirometal carryig capacity; Southwest area. Trade Sciece Ic.

2 BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 Qiog Su 5 INTRODUCTION Tourism i southwest started late but the developmet is quite rapid. Distributio of tourism developmet i southwest area shows malcoformatio. Whe tourism i traditioal tourist cities ad attractios of southwest develop rapidly, tourism developmet of other areas are i trough area due to the limitatio of may reasos []. Yua is just i the trough area. Although Yua is a big tourism provice ad tourism ecoomy strog provice, there is abudat ad highly developed tourism resources. However, tourism ecoomy developmet of Yua is typical resource-orieted patter ad its improvemet of ecoomic beefit is maily relied o the overdevelopmet of curret ad potetial resources. I the perspective of comprehesive pressure system, te thousads Yua GDP tailpipe emissio, te thousads Yua GDP comprehesive eergy cosumptio ad waste amout produced by uit tourism icome shows dowtred but are still higher tha stadard value. The ratio of growth rate of tourism perso-time ad tourists is relative to stadard value. It illustrates that the ecological eviromet of tourism have large pressure ad low quality of ecological eviromet ad tourism cosumptio patter is i the low ed. I the perspective of curret carryig system, pert capita GDP, emissio achieved rate of idustrial wastewater, Egel coefficiet of urba residet, rural per capita et icome ad proportio of tourism icome accout for GDP show upward tred but are still lower tha stadard value. It illustrates that regioal tourism demad is ot eough ad the tourism ecoomic beefit comes from outside the provice to great extet. I additio, the self-developmet ability of tourism is isufficiet []. I the perspective of developmet support system, the developmet of relative idustry support tourism idustry is relatively lagged behid. It becomes bottleeck that limits the ecological evirometal carryig capacity of Yua tourism. CONCEPTION OF TOURISM ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPATY So far, research o tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity is more ad more abudat. May scholars make deep study o tourism evirometal carryig capacity i the aspects of ecology, space, society ad ecoomy. Although their perspectives ad research methods are differet, they all regard ecological evirometal carryig capacity as oe of the most importat criteria []. Scholars are skeptical o the various calculatio results because of the imperfect measure model. The reaso is that although people have master the effective evaluatio method o space carryig capacity, society carryig capacity ad ecoomy carryig capacity, evaluatio o ecological evirometal carryig capacity has ot established a coveiet, effective ad operable calculatio model because of the complexity of ecological eviromet. It leads the overall use of tourism carryig capacity to ecouter obstacle [5]. EVALUATION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION OF TOURISM ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CARRYING CAPATY OF SOUTHWEST Idex selectio ad system costructio Evaluatio system of tourism evirometal carryig capacity is costructed. It is composed of tourism resource eviromet, tourism ecological eviromet, tourism ecoomic eviromet ad tourism society eviromet i southwest area, as show i TABLE. The tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of southwest area represets the quality ad situatio of tourism

3 6 Evaluatio of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of southwest BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 ecological eviromet of southwest area. The idex of tourism ecoomic evirometal carryig capacity maily reflects the ecoomic support capacity to the developmet of southwest tourism [6]. Data source ad idex explaatio Relative data of 006 to 00 i Yua is selected accordig to the availability, objectivity ad typicality of data. Ad the relative tourism idex data come from Brief Guide of Yua Tourism Statistics (007 to 00). Social ecoomic idex data such as studet erollmet of ordiary uiversity, employee proportio of service sector ad Egel coefficiet come from Shadog Statistics Yearbook (007~0) ad Chiese City Statistics Yearbook (007 to 0). Specific meaig ad compositio of idexes are as follows. Tourism resource scale idex reflects the overall occurrece coditio of developable tourism resource. The amout of atioal sceic spot over A level is assiged. Tourism resource taste idex reflects the aesthetic value, historical value, scietific value ad rarity of tourism resource. Ad amout of atioal sceic spot over A level is assiged. Tourism combiatio degree ( x x) i x x. Where i is proportio of various tourism resource accoutig for tourism resource of southwest area, x is expressed as the average value of proportio of various tourism resource accoutig for total amout of tourism resources i peisula blue ecoomic zoe, is total amout of tourism resource. The smaller combiatio idex is, the more coordiate resource matchig is. Popularity idex of tourism resources is represeted by tourism city popularity. Tourism city is the importat carrier of tourism idustry developmet of Yua. The higher the popularity is, the stroger people s recogitio of tourism resources is, the stroger the agglomeratio tedecy of tourism flowig ito the city ad the larger tourist scale ad activity scale are. Here three Chiese etwork search egie (Baidu, Google ad Yahoo) are applied to search by key words year + ** city+ tourism. The popularity is calculated through the average value of webpage umber searched i three websites. Tourist desity = total umber of tourists / total populatio of local residets. Tourist desity reflects the psychological edurig capacity of tourists. The icrease of tourist desity will decrease the psychological edurig capacity of tourists [7]. Cofirmatio of evaluatio idex weight Aalytic hierarchy process is a kid of multi-objective decisio aalysis method combiig qualitative ad quatitative aalysis. It makes umerical quatizatio o the experiece-based judgmet. This method ca elimiate the effect of subjective factor. This paper made assigmet markig o subsystem layer ad cocrete idex layer by expert scorig method. It made pairwise compariso of expert scorig combiig with aalysis of ifluece factor of tourism evirometal carryig capacity by aalytic hierarchy process. Ad it costructed comparative judgmet matrix ad made cosistecy check to cofirm the ratioality of expert scorig [8]. A = ( a ) ij First, pairwise compariso judgmet matrix of subsystem layer was costructed. A = ( a ) ij Make vector ormalizatio o each colum of matrix by harmoizatio method ad obtai: ( W = aij,( j =,,..., _) a ij, ( W ij ) A ( =

4 BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 Qiog Su 7 TABLE : Evaluatio idex ad weight of tourism evirometal carryig capacity i southwest Subsystem layer Cocrete idex layer Uit Weight C Tourism resources scale (atural edowmet) C Taste of tourism resources C Combiatio degree of tourist resources C Carryig capacity idex of tourism resources eviromet i southwest (0.05) C Carryig capacity idex of tourism ecological eviromet i southwest (0.0) C Popularity of tourism resources C5 Travel fitess of sceery C6 Sightseeig idex of lad C Disposal of domestic rubbish C Waste water discharge C Waste gas discharge C Gree coverage ratio of built up area C5 Goverace ivestmet of idustrial waste gas ad water C6 Evirometal quality of tourist resort i southwest C Water withdrawal of millio yua GDP C Power cosumptio of millio yua GDP Low grade Medium grade High grade Oe Oe Te thousad t Te thousad t Hudred millio m % Millio Yua m / millio yua Te millio hours / te thousad yua C Carryig capacity idex of tourism ecoomic eviromet i southwest(0.566) C Carryig capacity idex of tourism social eviromet i southwest(0.0887) C Per capita GDP Yua C Proportio of % service sector C5 Total icome of Hudred tourism millio Yua C6 Hotel umber over Oe four stars C Disposable icome Oe of local residet C Traffic turover C Studets erollmet of ordiary uiversity Millios people/ km Te thousad people C Tourist desity C5 Egel coefficiet C6 Employee proportio of service sector %

5 8 Evaluatio of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of southwest BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 W ( ij A ( W ( ( ( W = ) Secod, elemet i ij W ij j= was made summatio:. Calculate ad obtai W ( = The vector ormalized this matrix ad obtai approximate value of feature factor W = Calculate ad obtai Third, the most characteristic root of judgmet matrix was ( ( AW ) i λmax = calculated by Wi ad obtai: λ max =.57. At last, make cosistecy check o λmax = = 0.05 CR = = judgmet matrix. Coicidece idicator ; cosistecy ratio RI. ad CR value are all less tha 0.. From that we ca kow judgmet matrix have satisfactory cosistecy ad the value of judgmet matrix is reasoable. Thus idex weight of subsystem was obtaied. The cocrete idex layer of every subsystem was costructed pairwise compariso judgmet matrix by the above method. Calculate ad obtai feature vector: W =, W =, W =, W = λmax = 7.090, λ = 6.59, λmax = 6.69, λmax = 6.60 The maximum eigevalue max made cosistecy check i the meatime. Ad the ispectio result is was = 0.068< 0., CR = 0.065< 0., CR = 0.06< 0., CR = 0.05< 0., CR = 0.056< 0. = 0.0< 0. = 0.06< 0. = 0.00< 0.. It ca be see that judgmet matrix have relative cosistecy. Through cosistecy check, we obtaied the weighted value of 6 idexes i the cocrete idex layer as show i TABLE.

6 BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 Qiog Su 9 MEASURE AND RESULT OF TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPATY IN SOUTHWEST Measure method I the research process of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity, aalytic hierarchy process was adopted ad yaahp software was regarded as auxiliary meas to cofirm the weight of various idexes [8]. The cofirmatio of stadard value first adopts atioal ad idustrial stadard ad secod refer to atioal relative project (for example the th Five-Year Pla ) ad relative data of provice whose tourism situatio close to southwest (for example Shadog). For the stadard value that ca ot be obtaied, questioaire ad expert cosultatio ca be adopted [9]. Idex weight ad stadard value is show i TABLE. Sustaiable carryig capacity of tourism ecological eviromet β was calculated by vector STECQ β = orm method. Its costructio method is PTECQ cos θ. Where STECQ is the carryig capacity of stadard tourism eviromet, which refers to a ideal state of subsystem i tourism evirometal system withi some specific area i some period i the coditio of sustaiable developmet. It is STECQ = ( w x i ir ) w. Where i is weight cofirmed through idustrial stadard or atioal stadard. x of idex i ad ir is stadard value of o. ir idex [0]. PTECQ is the actual tourism evirometal carryig capacity. It reflects actual edurig tourism ecoomic activity itesity. PTECQ cos θis the projectio of actual tourism evirometal carryig capacity o stadard tourism evirometal carryig capacity vector quatity. Where the calculatio cosθ = x x i ir xi xir formula of cos θ is. Whe β>, it illustrates that stadard tourism evirometal carryig capacity is larger tha actual tourism evirometal carryig capacity ad tourism eviromet shows a state of sustaiable carryig. Whe β=, it illustrates that tourism eviromet show critical state of sustaiable carryig. Whe β<, it illustrates that stadard tourism carryig capacity is less tha actual tourism evirometal carryig capacity ad tourism eviromet shows a state of usustaiable carryig. Tourism evirometal carryig situatio ad developmet tedecy i differet period ad area ca be cofirmed based o the chage of βvalue. Thus proper cotrol strategy ca be adopted []. Preset value ad stadard value of the relative idex of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity evaluatio all adopt cetralized dimesioless method for stadardized treatmet []. Result of measure Actual value of the above idexes were collected by refer to Chia statistical yearbook from 008 to 0 ad the statistical yearbook of Sichua, Yua, Guizhou ad Tibet. Ad the actual value ad stadard value was stadardized treated by cetralized dimesioless. The result of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of five provices ad cities i southwest from 007 to 0 was calculated accordig to the above formula, as show i TABLE. It ca be see from the calculatio result that tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of five provices ad cities of southwest which are the tourism resources eriched area shows complete differet developmet situatio ad the overall situatio is worryig. First is Sichua. Its tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity first rise the decrease. Especially i 008, tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity decrease because of earthquake. It rise i recet years but overall it is still i usustaiable

7 0 Evaluatio of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of southwest BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 carryig state. Secod is Chogqig. Its tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity at first appears ad the decrease ad always i usustaiable carryig state. Chogqig is always the importat idustrial city of Chia. Extesive rapid developmet of idustry is boud to cause the itesive damage o ecological eviromet. Third is Yua. Its tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity icreases costatly but still i usustaiable carryig state. Yua is the big tourist provice ad powerful provice of tourism ecoomy. Its tourism resources are abudat ad highly developable. However, ecoomic developmet of Yua is typical resource-orieted patter. The improvemet of tourism ecoomic beefits maily relies o overdevelopmet of curret ad potetial resources. Fourth is Guizhou, its tourism ecological eviromet carryig capacity icreases costatly ad is always i sustaiable carryig state. Relatively speakig, Guizhou is the provice with the best tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity i southwest. Last is Tibet. Overall, its tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity still shows usustaiable carryig state while the ecological evirometal carryig capacity costatly declie. TABLE : Measure result of tourism ecological evirometal carryig capacity of five provices ad cities of southwest from 007 to 0 Provice Year STECQ COS θ PTECQ β Carryig capacity state Sichua Chogqig Yua Guizhou Tibet Sustaiable carryig Usustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig Sustaiable carryig RESULT ANALYSIS As measure of regioal tourism sustaiable developmet, tourism evirometal carryig capacity always draws attetio of academic world. However, quatitative research techique ad method of tourism evirometal carryig capacity i southwest eeds to be deep explored because of the complexity of tourism evirometal carryig capacity ad the fragility ad particularity of tourism evirometal system i southwest [,]. The research result of this paper shows that it is ecessary to itegrated develop tourism resources i southwest, improve the tourism product brad i southwest, build good tourism ecological eviromet, stregthe the comprehesive support capacity of southwest ad society eviromet o tourism developmet ad build ad perfect relative mechaism ad system to ratioally adjust tourism evirometal carryig distictio. Ad we also eed to comprehesive promote the overall carryig level of tourism eviromet ad effective excavate the carryig potetial

8 BTAIJ, 0(9) 0 Qiog Su of systems to promote the orderly developmet of tourism resources ad reasoable distributio of tourism idustry space i southwest [5]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The paper has bee supported by the Importatio ad Developmet of High-Caliber Talets Project of Beijig Muicipal Istitutios (Grat No: IDHT00075). REFERENCES [] S.D.Qi, G.H.Wei, R.X.Li; Curret situatio ad strategy research o sports tourism market of southwest of guagxi orth gulf ecoomic zoe. Youth ad Society,, (0). [] B.H.Lu; Sports tourism behavior ivestigatio of ahui cadastral uiversity studets i ahui. Joural of Ahui Trade Professioal Techical Istitute (Social Sciece Editio),, (0). [] J.Y.Huag, G.W.Huag; Discussio ad aalysis o developmet strategy prospect ad measure of Bamei Xaadu ecological village. Joural of Wesha College,, (0). [] H.Li, N.Bai; Primary exploratio of puer tea health tourism developmet. Joural of Wesha College, 6, (0). [5] S.H.Tsar, Y.C.Li, J.H.Li; Evaluatig ecotourism sustaiability from the itegrate perspective of resource, Commuity ad turism,tourism Maagemet, 7, (009). [6] X.Y.Tia, Y.Z.Tia, Y.L.Ji et al; Surface modelig of huma carryig capacity of terrestrial ecosystems i chia. Ecological Modelig,, (008). [7] S.F.Mecoolm, D.W.Lime; Tourism carryig capacity, Fatasy or reality, Joural of Sustaiable Tourism, 9(5), 7-89 (0). [8] Mieezkowski, Zbigiew; Evirometal issues of tourism ad reereatio, Uiversity Press of Aleriea, 09- (0). [9] M.S.Hoey; Treadig lightly ecotourism, S Impact o the Eviromet, Eviromet, (5), -9 (00). [0] A.Fullerto, A.Crawford; Carryig i regioal eviromet maagemet washigto, Govermet Pritig Office (009). [] F.Edward; Evirometal Soud Tourism i the Carribbe, (0). [] A.Mathieo, G.Wall; Tourism-ecoomic, Physical ad Social Impacts, Logma, (0). [] E.Boo; Ecotourism, Potetials ad pitfalls WWF, Washigto, (0). [] P.S.Valetie; Ecotourism ad ature coservatio, Tourism Maagemet, 07, (00). [5] R.Butler; Alterative tourism, pious hope or troja horse, World Leisure ad Reereatio, (), 9-7 (008).