Harmonizing Transport Work Package 4.2

Transcription

1 Sustainable Accessibility Cncepts Harmnizing Transprt Wrk Package 4.2

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3 Reprt Green Sustainable Airprts Wrk Package 4.2 Harmnizing Transprt 1 Intrductin and Objectives Passenger Infrmatin Passenger Prcess Outbund Passenger Requirements Inbund Passenger Requirements Requirements f the Airprt Authrity and Airlines Current State f Passenger Infrmatin n Public Transprt City Airprt Bremen Other Examples f integrated passenger infrmatin Summary Regulatry Framewrk Eurpean Unin Regulatins German Regulatins Framewrk fr Bilateral Data Delivery Cntracts Technical Framewrk Public transprt jurney planner Integrating Flight Timetables int Public Transprt Timetable Infrmatin Systems Infrmatin Displays... 29

4 6.1 Tech Slutin Shwing Public Transprt Infrmatin at the Airprt Eurpean Prspects in Data Exchange Multi mdal jurney planner New data frmats References... 35

5 1 Intrductin and Objectives The needs f airprt passengers differ significantly frm the needs f ther public transprt users. Language is ften an bstacle and finding the way t the htel r getting the right ticket are challenges fr air passengers arriving at Bremen airprt frm ther cuntries. The aim f the partners VBN and ZVBN is t cnvince peple t use envirnmentally friendly transprt mdes n their way t r frm the airprt and t increase passenger satisfactin. Imprving passenger infrmatin culd be a main factr in reaching this aim. The partners have develped an integrated apprach t passenger infrmatin giving infrmatin n public transprt at the airprt and delivering flight infrmatin thrugh the media f public transprt. This dcument gives an verview f the prject activities f VBN and ZVBN. At first we describe the infrmatin needs f passenger and the current state f infrmatin abut public transprt fr airline passengers. The next chapters give an verview f the legal and technical framewrk fr passenger infrmatin and we describe the slutins develped fr Bremen airprt during the prject.

6 2 Passenger Infrmatin 2.1 Passenger Prcess The passenger prcess differs, depending n whether the passenger is inbund r utbund and als n the means f transprt the passenger uses t get t the airprt r t get t his destinatin. Passengers can be divided int the fllwing grups: passengers using a private car passengers using a rental car passengers using public transprt passengers using a taxi In this study we d nt lk at passengers wh are taken t r picked up at the airprt. Picture 1: : utbund passenger prcess

7 Picture 2: : inbund passenger prcess As shwn abve, the passenger prcess at an airprt is rather cmplex and cnsists f many steps. Infrmatin systems shuld fllw an integrated apprach and give a full view f the whle departing r arriving prcess at an airprt. The infrmatinal needs f the passengers depend n the transprt mde with which they leave r arrive at the airprt. 2.2 Outbund Passenger Requirements Infrmatin at Hme Planning the Trip Here, the main questin is: When des the passenger have t arrive at the airprt? This time is determined by the fllwing factrs: When has the passenger t check in? This time is determined by the airline r the airprt. Hw lng has the passenger t queue befre check-in? This questin is nrmally very difficult t answer, especially fr nnfrequent travelers. Where will the passenger arrive at the airprt and hw lng will it take t get frm the arrival pint t the check-in? This time is determined by the rute frm the arrival pint at the airprt t the check-in: frm the parking lt

8 frm the drp-ff pint frm the public transprt statin frm the rental car returning pint Which tasks des the passenger have t carry ut and hw lng will these take? parking the car returning a rental car finding a luggage cart When the passenger has ascertained the arrival time, he has t determine the rute t the airprt and his start time. Infrmatin Needs When Using Public Transprt The passenger has t acquaint himself with the fllwing things when using public transprt t travel t a flight: a cmplete itinerary with means f transprt departure, arrival and change statins, and times ftpath frm the start pint t the departure statin ftpath frm the arrival statin t check in ftpath when changing means f transprt r at least the time the change takes necessary tickets Real Time Infrmatin befre Starting the Trip Once the trip is planned the passenger is interested in events which culd interfere with his trip, fr instance: public transprt delays and cancellatins n the planned rute traffic jams n the way t the airprt

9 2.2.2 Infrmatin en Rute When the passenger has started his trip, he needs t knw: whether he is still in time r nt if he his delayed, whether there are alternatives t get t the flight in time This means fr instance: when the passenger is using the railway and is delayed, he needs infrmatin n whether he can still use public transprt r whether he shuld change t a taxi whether there is still a pssibility t get t the airprt in time if there is a traffic jam Infrmatin at the Airprt Once the passenger has arrived at the airprt he needs the fllwing infrmatin: directins t the check-in directins frm the check-in t the gate hw lng it will take t check in hw lng it will take t pass thrugh the security check hw much time it will take t walk 2.3 Inbund Passenger Requirements Planning the Trip The passenger decides abut the means f transprt based n the fllwing criteria: reachability availability (is the transprt available at arrival time?) price T plan a trip with public transprt it is necessary t have the fllwing infrmatin: hw much time it will take t walk frm the gate t the statin hw lng it will take t pick up luggage the frequency f public transprt cnnectins

10 the kind f ticket necessary fr the trip where the ticket can be bught At the Airprt If the passenger is using public transprt fr his nging trip he is interested in the next departures reachable frm the fllwing pints: starting at the gate (when traveling nly with cabin baggage and n brder cntrl has t be passed) starting at the brder cntrl (when traveling nly with cabin baggage) starting at the baggage claim Every infrmatin display abut public transprt shuld shw the next departure and the time t walk t the stp r statin frm the pint the display is installed. 2.4 Requirements f the Airprt Authrity and Airlines Infrmed passengers are mre cntent. The value f this may be debatable but rather mre cncrete is the fact that: airlines have t avid delays caused by passengers arriving late. Delays cst mney. airprts are interested in a fast and smth passenger prcess. A passenger wh cmpletes the prcess quickly and is well infrmed abut the next steps is mre likely t spend time shpping.

11 3 Current State f Passenger Infrmatin n Public Transprt 3.1 City Airprt Bremen VBN - Bremen/Lwer Saxny Public Transprt Assciatin There is n special infrmatin designed fr airline passengers thrugh VBN, but with the infrmatin system Fahrplaner it is pssible t find a rute frm every start address t the airprt r frm the airprt t every destinatin address in the city f Bremen and its surrundings. With the cnnectin t the natinwide netwrk f jurney planners DELFI yu can find dr t dr jurney infrmatin fr whle Germany. The English website gives basic infrmatin n the transprt assciatin and tariffs City Aiprt Bremen - BRE There are sme infrmatin signs inside the terminals. Unfrtunately they d nt cmprise a whle guidance system. They nly give infrmatin n punctuality. Infrmatin n public transprt and tickets are available at the central infrmatin desk at the hall. Picture 3: : infrmatin sign in the passage between Terminal E and Terminal 2 There is a static text page n the airprt website describing the pssibilities t reach the airprt via public transprt. The text cntains line number, frequency and duratin f the trip t the city.

12 3.1.3 Airlines We checked the infrmatin f the bigger airlines flying t and frm Bremen airprt. The websites f Lufthansa, RyanAir and Air Berlin cntain pages describing the pssibilities t reach the airprt by public transprt. The infrmatin is plain static text and des nt cntain any links t a rute planner. The fllwing table gives an verview f the infrmatin delivered by the airline websites: RyanAir The website cntains a page with sightseeing infrmatin abut Bremen. A small textbx with public transprt infrmatin is embedded and cntains: Advice abut the lcatin f the public transprt statin at the airprt number f tram line and frequency duratin f the trip t the city ticket csts (nt up-t-date) Lufthansa The airline website cntains a page describing all transprt mdes t reach the airprt. Fr public transprt nly the tram line is named. Air Berlin The airline website cntains a page describing all transprt mdes t reach the airprt. The fllwing infrmatin is given fr public transprt: number f tram line and frequency duratin f the trip t the city

13 The ther airline websites checked (fr instance Cndr, Air France, Air Via) d nt cntain any traveler infrmatin fr reaching the airprt Bremer Straßenbahn AG (BSAG) lcal public transprt peratr The Bremer Straßenbahn AG is the main peratr f lcal public transprt in Bremen. It perates the tram line 6 frm the airprt t the city centre, central statin and university. And additinally the bus line 52 which is a tangential bus line in the suth f Bremen. BSAG perates a dynamic departure infrmatin display situated in Terminal 2. This display shws the current departures t the city. Picture 4: current dynamic passenger infrmatin in the arrivals hall The display belngs t the first generatin f dynamic passenger infrmatin frm the 90s. S its life cycle cmes t an end and it has t be replaced.

14 Picture 5: infrmatin terminals in Terminal 2 Additinally BSAG perates tw infrmatin terminals in Terminal 2. Theses terminals are based n the jurney planner system f BSAG and nt the VBN. The sftware isn t up t date s it s planned t remve these terminals Traffic Management Centre (TMC) The infrmatin delivered by the TMC can be fund n the website f the city f Bremen. The website cntains a static text page cntaining a descriptin fr all mdes f transprt t reach the airprt. The fllwing infrmatin pints are given fr public transprt: lcatin f the public transprt stp at the airprt line number frequency duratin f a trip t the city center Bremen Turismus Zentrale lcal turism service center The turism service center delivers the same infrmatin as the TMC. Additinally they give the cst fr a single ticket t use the public transprt.

15 3.2 Other Examples f integrated passenger infrmatin FlyTGet App FlyTGet is an express train cnnecting Osl with Osl Airprt. The mbile app FlyTGet delivers timetable infrmatin including real time infrmatin. Additinally, the app delivers a flight departure and a flight arrival table and text pages with general travel infrmatin. Picture 6: : FlyTGet app with timetable infrmatin fr the express train and flight arrival/departure table Other Airprt Apps Other airprt apps nrmally cntain a flight arrival/departure table, a textual descriptin f the pssibilities t reach the airprt by public transprt and a map shwing the lcatin f the airprt including the public transprt stp. Picture 7: : Düsseldrf Airprt app

16 Picture 8: : City Airprt Bremen app Other Airprt Websites Airprt websites nrmally cntain a textual descriptin f the public transprt. We fund tw ther ways f infrming passengers, n the websites f Billund Airprt and Leipzig/Halle Airprt. Picture 9: : Billund Airprt website The Billund Airprt website cntains the timetables in PDF frm f all bus lines appraching the airprt.

17 The Leipzig/Halle Airprt website cntains a frm where the user can select a flight, a public transprt stp and whether he will depart r arrive by the selected flight. By submitting the frm the user is frwarded t the INSA timetable infrmatin system. The systems prvides a public transprt cnnectin with a standard change time f 120 minutes frm r t the flight. Picture 10: frm prviding a frnt end fr the INSA timetable infrmatin system at Leipzig/Halle Airprt 3.3 Summary The airprt authrities and the public transprt cmpanies acknwledge the need t deliver integrated infrmatin n public transprt t reach an airprt. At the mment there is n real cmprehensive slutin which integrates flight timetable data, public timetable data and the passenger prcess at the airprt t cver the whle passenger prcess.

18 The reasn fr the lack f this slutin is mainly due t the cmplexity f the passenger prcess. This cmplexity makes it difficult t prvide a full integratin. Hwever, as the VBN system shws with the slutin develped in the prject, there is the pssibility t accmplish a light integratin. This light integratin des nt deliver infrmatin n the whle prcess but the available infrmatin is easy t find.

19 4 Regulatry Framewrk 4.1 Eurpean Unin Regulatins There are n mandatry regulatins by the Eurpean Unin relating t traveler infrmatin and traffic data exchange. This fact is mentined in several studies and this prject als recmmends als regulatin by the Eurpean Parliament. There are sme recmmendatins by the Eurpean Unin. e.g. in Regulatin 181/2011, cncerning the rights f passengers in bus and cach transprt, and amending Regulatin (EC), it is recmmended that the rights f passengers shuld include timetable infrmatin and infrmatin abut accessibility Open Data Open Data is an initiative f the Eurpean Unin which prmtes the sharing f data t make it available t peple free f charge. This especially means public transprt authrities data and ther enterprises funded by the public. The data shuld be made available withut any cst r fr a lw charge. Open Data prmtes the develpment f new services by third party develpers and it is very likely that many innvative services will result frm Open Data. Flightradar24 is an example f a service made pssible thrugh Open Data. The website cllects the data prvided by every aircraft thrugh the ADS-B service. ADS- B is a service riginating in air traffic cntrl. Every aircraft which is equipped with an ADS-B transmitter sends regular signals cntaining infrmatin n psitin, flight directin, estimated time f arrival, etc. These signals are cllected by grund receivers, ften perated by private persns and delivered t FlightRadar24. FlightRadar24 is building up web services, mbile apps and ther services, based n this data. Open Data is als a part f the ITS actin plan. This study cncludes that sharing data with n r minimum cst will increase traffic safety and supprt the develpment f a multimdal Eurpean travel planner. 4.2 German Regulatins The public transprt act PBefG regulates passenger infrmatin and the handling f timetable data. Paragraph 40 subparagraph 4 stipulates that a public transprt cmpany must share its timetable data electrnically free f charge n demand f the respnsible transprt authrity.

20 This is a basis fr building up timetable infrmatin systems n public transprt but currently there is n framewrk n which t build up an intermdal rute planner and t exchange data between cmpanies. This cperatin shuld be regulated by bilateral cntracts. 4.3 Framewrk fr Bilateral Data Delivery Cntracts Accrding t FOPS reprt n the fllwing pints describe a framewrk fr bilateral data delivery cntracts. Such a cntract shuld cntain the fllwing paragraphs: Preamble describing interests f bth cntract parties and the purpse f the agreement 1 Subject f the Cntract cmmitment t deliver data deliver data and use it fr traveler infrmatin systems 2 Definitin data descriptin 3 Usage Rights granting rights t use data fr a special purpse granting rights, limited in time, regin r ther reasns list f rights granted granting rights t third parties limitatin f cmmercial use limitatin f ther usage 4 Delivery / Cst data delivery data exchange media interface descriptin technical requirements frequency f data exchange cst sharing f data exchange

21 5 Quality Cntrl The data quality shuld be defined. Furthermre, bth parties shuld agree n quality cntrl actins and sanctins in the case f bad data quality 6 Cntract Penalty agreement n cntract penalty in the case f vilatin f cntract 7 Cntract Duratin cntract duratin cancellatin revcatin f granted rights data eliminatin at the end f the agreement 8 Nndisclsure as needed 9 Liability Agreement n liabilities accrding t the purpse 10 Final Regulatin alteratin f cntract supplements t an agreement legal frm appendices place f jurisdictin

22 5 Technical Framewrk 5.1 Public transprt jurney planner Integratin f Timetable Data An integrated timetable data pl is the basis f a reginal timetable infrmatin system. The fllwing tasks are necessary fr the building f such a data pl: build a statin reference avid duble deliveries (recgnize the delivery f the same line by different prviders) unificatin f data attributes additin f missing attributes harmnizatin f timetable validity perids The data pl used by VBN s Fahrplaner is integrated and prvided by Cnnect Fahrplanauskunft GmbH. This cmpany was funded by public transprt cmpanies and public authrities t generate and prvide an integrated timetable data pl fr the regin Niedersachsen/Bremen. Currently, Cnnect prvides the data pl t abut 10 different timetable infrmatin systems, including data fr all reginal public transprt cmpanies and als fr lng distance transprt perated by Deutsche Bahn Integratin f real-time data frm public transprt VBN has intrduced real time in their jurney planner in The system is based n the data exchange between the different transprt peratrs (rail, tram and bus) in Bremen. T bundle and harmnize the infrmatin frm the different transprt peratrs a central data exchange platfrm cllects the data, check the validity and sends the data t different data cnsumers. Data cnsumers are the different jurney planners, dynamic passenger infrmatin displays. The platfrm exchanges als data between different public transprt peratrs fr the assurance f cnnectins. Main platfrm t infrm passengers is the jurney planner Fahrplaner which is based n the HAFAS system made by Hacn GmbH, Hannver Germany. The jurney planner delivers infrmatin via the fllwing channels: the VBN website Mbile website m.vbn.de

23 Mbile Applicatin fr the platfrms IPhne, Andrid, Windws Phne and Java and fr different devices (Smartphne and tablet) Statin bards applicatins (described later) It s planned t access this data als via an xml-interface s that results frm the jurney can easily implement int ther applicatin (fr example mbile airprt applicatins) Picture 11: : screenshts frm the mbile applicatin Fahrplaner Especially with the mbile versin f the Fahrplaner VBN has intrduced several new functins which makes travelling with public transprt mre cmfrtable. First f all the push ntificatin allw passenger t subscribe a cnnectin. S in case f a delay f mre than 5 minutes r if the cnnectin is in danger, passenger get a ntificatin abut the disturbance f their cnnectin. Based n real time infrmatin the system can calculate alternative rutes. S if a track is clsed passenger e.g. get a jurney plan where they have t use the bus. The message are sent via the ntificatin service f the related mbile perating system (Andrid, IOS, Windws Phne). S cmpared t SMS based systems the service is cst saving fr the peratr.

24 5.2 Integrating Flight Timetables int Public Transprt Timetable Infrmatin Systems Different factrs need t be cnsidered when integrating flight timetable data int public transprt data pls: A change between public transprt and a flight is nt a simple ftway but a whle prcess. A change in public transprt can be described as a time perid, but this is nt always sufficient fr the cmplex prcess f check-in, security check and brder cntrl when taking a flight. If nly ne perid is used t describe the change, the cnnectins will nt be ptimal. The perid f time necessary fr a change must be differentiated t find the ptimal cnnectin. Time znes. Lnger distances Real Time Flight Data Flight data is delivered by the central flw management unit (CFMU) f EUROCONTROL. Grund cntrl at the airprt receives the data and prvides it t the airprt cntrl system. This system prvides the data t different services at the airprt and t the exchange interface. Flight data is planned accrding t the fllwing perids: winter/summer flight schedule weekly flight schedule daily flight schedule Once the departure time f a flight is defined, the estimated time f arrival (ETA) is calculated. This calculatin is executed as a task f the flight planning prcess. The calculatin f the ETA cnsiders the fllwing influences: weather, wind, weight f the plane, amunt f fuel, airspace rights, etc. The accuracy f this estimatin depends n the planning prcedure and varies frm airline t airline. Furthermre, the ETA is updated during the flight accrding t unfreseen events.

25 5.2.2 Interface fr Exchanging Real Time Data The interface is based n FTP. The real time server peridically delivers a CSV file, which is read by the timetable infrmatin server. The interface is implemented as a simple CSV file. Every line represents ne flight. One line cnsists f the fllwing clumns: Clumn title Descriptin Cntents and (example) AD Arrival r departure cntains an (A) if the flight is arriving r a (D) if the flight is departing FN Flight number published flight number (LH 1234) Date Date Date f arrival r departure ( ) ST Scheduled time (06:00) scheduled time f arrival r departure ET Estimated time (06:23) estimated real time f arrival r departure Airprt Via Name f the airprt Flight rigin r destinatin (AMSTERDAM) Name f a stpver airprt Term Terminal (1) Remark Example: AD FN Datum ST ET Flughafen Via Term Bemerkung A LH :25 07:16 FRANKFURT 07:19 gelandet A FR :25 08:12 LONDON-STN 08:15 gelandet A LH :05 08:15 MUENCHEN 08:17 gelandet D LH :00 FRANKFURT 3 08:17 gestartet D LH :45 MUENCHEN 3 startet A 4U :50 08:55 STUTTGART im Anflug

26 5.2.3 Issues Integrating Real Time Flight Data The study Cstumer perceptins and behaviural respnses t IT-based public transprt infrmatin. [4] cncludes that real time infrmatin gives the passenger a feeling f cnfidence and security. Fllwing this cnclusin it is imprtant fr transprt authrities t prvide real time data, keeping the passenger updated n his travel prcess and therefre prviding him with a degree f assurance. A further imprtant factr in the prvisin f real time data is the transprt authrities expectatins with regard t hw passengers use this data. In public transprt real time data is used t give the traveler mre planning ptins r t chse a different rute if the riginal rute is interrupted due t delays r cancellatins. Getting the same infrmatin n every infrmatin channel is imprtant t build up the custmer cnfidence in real time data. Incnsistent infrmatin shuld be avided. There were many different estimated arrival times given fr the same flight, when the different flight infrmatin channels were analyzed. Fr this reasn it was decided t use nly the flight data als given at the airprt t prvide in the public transprt applicatins. Additinally nly a pull service was realized. An infrmatin, which requires a user interactin, are evaluated mre thrughly by the user. The user will assess this infrmatin accrding t his wn experiences and given rules and decides n his further actins In cntrast a push service is mre binding and requests actin. The user will evaluate this infrmatin differently and will rely mre n them. That is the main reasn, why push services demand a much higher data quality Using Real Time Flight Data in Public Transprt Infrmatin Systems Real time flight data is used fr implementing the features belw in the Fahrplaner timetable infrmatin system: departure and arrival table internatinal versin f the ruting system including flights airprt widget t give the passenger a cmprehensive view f all infrmatin relating t airprt and public transprt

27 Picture 12: : display f a simple airprt departure and arrival table Picture 13: : display a flight departure table in the result f a rute enquiry with destinatin airprt

28 Picture 14: : display f real time flight infrmatin in the internatinal intermdal versin f Fahrplaner

29 Picture 15: : implementatin f the previus p feature in the mbile app

30 Picture 16: : a cmprehensive verview f all imprtant passenger infrmatin

31 6 Infrmatin Displays 6.1 Tech Slutin The infrmatin displays are web-based. The key elements f the architecture are: a server with the sftware t cnfigure and generate the html-based web page a simple netwrk PC t display the web page The web page t display is cnfigured n the server. The cnfiguratin is stred in a file saved n the server. A shrtcut URL is generated at the end f the cnfiguratin prcess. This URL is transferred t the netwrk PC. A simple web brwser in full screen mde is used t display the page. A simple script refreshes the script regularly. The whle system shuld be able t be remtely cntrlled by VBN s the netwrk PC will cnnect t the Internet via UMTS/LTE. This is the easiest way t avid all firewall r VPN issues which wuld ccur if the netwrk PC used the airprt netwrk. The displays are equipped with a Slt-in PC with a Windws 7 embedded perating system. This technique secures an easy t maintain system. Als this integrated slutin nly uses a small space and can be installed with ne installatin fr the display.

32 Picture 17 Cnfiguratin interface fr the Departure table

33 6.2 Shwing Public Transprt Infrmatin at the Airprt Cntent Picture 18: : display with public transprt Infrmatin (departure table) There is nly ne public transprt stp at Bremen airprt s the displays shw a simple list f departures. Every line cntains the fllwing fields: planned departure time expected delay name f the line directin f the line On the secnd half f the screen the departure f reginal and lng distance trains at the central statin will be shwn. This includes an ffset f 20 minutes s passenger can get the trains at the statin Psitining The displays are placed alng the ftway frm the gate t the departure statin at the airprt. Every display gives the passenger infrmatin n which bus r tram he can catch and hw lng it will take t walk frm the display t the statin. This enables the passenger t determine at what pace he will prceed t the statin. Technical criteria fr the psitining include:

34 availability f a pwer line visibility f the display Picture 19: : lcatins where the public transprt infrmatin display in terminal 2is 2 installed Picture 20: : lcatin t install the public transprt display in BRE Terminal E

35 Picture 21: : infrmatin display with passenger infrmatin at Billund airprt

36 7 Eurpean Prspects in Data Exchange 7.1 Multi mdal jurney planner EU plicies fster the develpment f multimdal jurney planners. The prvisin f EU-wide multimdal travel infrmatin services is a high pririty f the ITS Directive 2010/40/EU (pririty actin (a)) and the subsequent ITS actin plan frm [1],[2] The Eurpean Unin encurages the develpment f dr-t-dr jurney planners which includes the pssibility t purchase the tickets fr the planned trip. The main issues in develping such systems are the accessibility and availability f traffic data fr different service prviders and the develpment f a standard exchange data prcess. 7.2 New data frmats Open data initiatives have already shwn success. Mre and mre public transprt peratrs publish their data as Open Data in the General Transit Feed Specificatin (GTFS). The use f a standardized frmat fr many transprt regins pens new ptins fr multimdal transprt planners. It makes it technically much easier t cmbine the data and integrate ther transprt mdes like air transprt. Als publishing data as pen data makes it much mre interesting t integrate data fr data prvider like Nkia/Navtech, TmTm/Teleatlas r Ggle. These cmpanies needn t care abut f signing cntracts with hundreds f transprt peratrs. This integratin pens new markets like car navigatin systems r the integratin int the native mbile map applicatin. The integratin f airprt data will be the next step.

37 8 References [1] Tm van de Ven, Mark Wedlck RappTrans. (2011). IST ACTION PLAN 8 FINAL REPORT. Brussels. ( [2] Peter Rapp, Rémi Tempier RappTrans. (2011). IST ACTION PLAN D4 STAKEHOLDER VIEW. Brussels. ( multimdal-jurney-planner-results.pdf) [3] Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund Servicegesellschaft mbh. (2010). Frschungsbericht FE-Nr Eigentums- und Nutzungsrechte im Öffentlichen Verkehr. Frankfurt: Bundesministerium für Verkehrs, Bau und Stadtentwicklung. [4] DZIEKAN, KATRIN. (2004). Cstumer perceptins and behaviural respnses t IT-based public transprt infrmatin. Stckhlm. KTH Infrastructure, Divisin f Transprtatin and Lgistics, KTH Ryal Institute f Technlgy, Stckhlm 2004

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39 Cntact Prvincie Drenthe: Prject Management Mr. Ben van Os, Ms. Deirdre Buist, Website: Graphic design Dcucentrum, prvincie Drenthe ROM&N March 2014