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1 Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Act 1968 Warning This material has been copied and communicated to you by or on behalf of La Trobe University under Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice.

2 MDS2/3 TGW Ancient Greece: Democratic Athens I Gillian Shepherd

3 The Tyrannicides (Harmodios and Aristogeiton) Roman copy of an original of c. 475 BC by Kritios and Nesiotes Museo Nazionale, Naples Descendants given meals at public expense in the Prytaneion (IG ) See Thucydides 1.20; NB IG = Inscriptiones Graecae Image source page: h5p://

4 Resolved to attempt any device which might help them against the Peisistratids, the Alkmaeonids got the contract from the Amphictyons to build the temple which stands today at Delphi, but at that time did not exist. They were wealthy men, and came of a long and distinguished line; and the temple they built was better in various respects than the plan required. In particular, they gave it a façade of Parian marble, whereas the agreement had been to use freestone for the whole. The Athenians say that these men, during their stay at Delphi, bribed the Priestess to tell any Spartans that might happen to consult the oracle, either on state or private business, that it was their duty to liberate Athens; and the Spartans, as a result of the constant repetition of the same injunction, sent Anchimolios, the son of Aster, a distinguished citizen, at the head of an army to drive out the Peisistratids Herod. V Herodotus goes on to describe Spartan campaigns against Athens, beginning in 511 BC

5 Kleomenes then marched to Athens and together with the Athenians who wished for freedom besieged Hippias on the Acropolis. The Lacedaemonians had not intended to undertake a siege and the Peisistratids had ample supplies of food and drink. It is likely therefore that, but for an unexpected accident, Kleomenes would have kept up the siege for days and then retired to Sparta; but luckily for the Spartans and unluckily for their enemies, the children of the Peisistratids were caught as they were being smuggled out of the country for safety. This disaster upset all their plans; in order to recover the children they were forced to accept the Athenians terms and agreed to leave Attica within five days. They afterwards withdrew to Sigeion on the Scamander this then is the story of how Athens was freed from despotism. Herod. V. 64-5

6 The Reforms of Kleisthenes Division of Attica into 139 demes (municipalities) The demes were grouped into: 10 phylai (tribes) and each tribe divided into 3 trittyes Citizenship, political and military organisation were based on these new units Boule (council) of 500 formed from 50 representatives of each of the 10 tribes NB isonomia = equality under the law; demos = people, kratos = power

7 Demes of Attica Image Source Page: h5p://iris.haverford.edu/athens/2009/09/25/demes- of- afca/

8 Athenian Democracy Political rights restricted to adult male Athenian citizens (ie not women, slaves or foreigners) Full political rights acquired at the age of 30 (ie could be a candidate for a magistracy, juror) Ekklesia (assembly): all adult male citizens over 20 yrs belonged to this; any could speak Boule (Council of 500) met every day except on holidays; considered business to be put before the assembly By the later 5 th century appointment to the boule was by lot for a year; by the 4 th century service was limited to 2 years for an individual Each group of 50 men (from the 10 tribes) also served as prytaneis for a tenth of the year Also law courts (dikasteria)

9 Image source page: h5p:// Restored plan of the Agora, end of the 5 th cent. BC

10 Model of the Royal Stoa (without wings) Late 6 th cent. BC? Image source page: h5p:// Model of the Royal Stoa (with wings) Late 5 th cent. BC Image source page: h5p:// The Royal Stoa (Stoa Basileios) Mid- late 6 th cent. Aristotle (?) Ath.Pol. 57 Image source page: h5p://

11 Image source page: h5p:// Restored plan of the Agora, end of the 5 th cent. BC

12 Image source page: h5p:// Plan of the Tholos New Bouleuterion and Old Bouleterion, Athenian Agora

13 Photo Gillian Shepherd The Tholos (Athenian Agora)

14 5 th cent. dining crockery (ligature delta/epsilon ie DE = demosion) Image source page: h5p:// Model of the Tholos Image source page: h5p://

15 Reconstruction of the New Bouleuterion plan (NB with alternative arrangement of curved seating) Image source page: h5p:// Image source page: h5p:// Plan of New and Old Bouleuteria (nb metroon) Gateway to the New Bouleuterion Photo Gillian Shepherd

16 Image source page: h5p:// Monument of the Eponymous heroes c. 330 BC Photo Gillian Shepherd

17 Image source page: h5p:// Ostraka (for voting for ostracism) cast against Aristeides son of Lysimachos, Themistokles son of Neokles, Kimon son of Miltiades, Perikles son of Xanthippos

18 Image source page: h5p:// Photo Gillian Shepherd Model of the Athenian Agora c. 400 BC (view from the south-east)

19 Image source page: h5p://

20 Photo Gillian Shepherd The Pnyx Image source page: h5p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:pnyx- berg2.png

21 The Agora in the 2nd century AD Image source page: h5p://