Students of History -

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11 Mask of Agamemnon

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16 ORGANIZATION OF CITY-STATE City-States: A small city and its surrounding lands. Also known as a Polis Acropolis: a fortified area provided for defense on elevated ground Agora: Below the acropolis, an open area for people to assemble (market) 16

17 ATHENS & THE PARTHENON Temple/Public Buildings within acropo Acropolis Agora Built on hillside 17

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20 In Ancient Greece, the 2 major city-states were Athens & Sparta Athens: A city-state that focused on democracy, theater, philosophy & art Sparta: A city-state known for their military prowess (skills). SPARTA VS ATHENS *Strength *Duty *Discipline *Individuality *Beauty *Freedom Athens: City of the Wise 20

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22 Sparta The Warrior Stat Heavily based on military. Why? To avoid a rebellion parta had a large number of helots who revolted in their early history Helots: land-bound serfs that worked on land (farmers) -owned by the state Sparta expected 1/2 of Helot s crops Male children taught at home until age 7 and began military training 22 No artistic culture, only military

23 Oligarchy: A form of government were a few, wealthy, educated people 2 Kings rule equal in power and shared duties Citizens not encouraged to speak freely Spartan Government

24 Spartan Superiority Wanted to keep their people strong and pure Bathed babied in wine after birth Any abnormalities or defects would cause the baby to be left to die on a hillside The women did not bathe the babies with water, but with wine, making it a sort of test of their strength. For they say that the epileptic and sickly ones lose control and go into convulsions, but the healthy ones are rather toughened like steel and strengthened in their physique. The nurses displayed care and skill: they did not use swaddling-bands, making the babies free in their limbs and bodies. They also made them sensible and not fussy about their food, not afraid of the dark or 24 frightened of being left alone, not inclined to unpleasant awkwardness or whining. So even some foreigners acquired

25 "They learned reading and writing for basic needs, but all the rest of their education was to make them well-disciplined and steadfast in hardship and victorious in battle. For this reason, as boys grew older, the Spartans intensified their training, cutting their hair short and making them used to walking barefoot and for the most part playing naked. When the boys reached the age of twelve, they no longer had tunics to wear, but got one cloak a year. Their bodies were tough and unused to baths and lotions. They enjoyed such luxury only a few special days a year. They slept, in packs, on beds which they got together on their own, made from the tops of the rushes to be found by the river Eurotas. These they broke off with their bare hands, not using knives." 25

26 SPARTAN WOMEN Women were more independent than in other citystates Learned reading & writing & given harsh physical training (like boys) Could control property Not forced to marry or have children Come back carrying your shield or be carried on it - Spartan mother to son solider

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28 ATHENS Known for its thinkers, wisdom, Sculptures, beauty, art, theater 28

29 Athens Government New, democratic ideas emerge from Athenian culture and society: Direct Democracy: Citizens elect their representatives Public Debate: Becomes an art in Athens to discuss and argue specifics of government 29 Duties of the Citizen: All citizens have responsibilities such as voting, participating in the government process

30 ATHENS WOMEN Expected to take care of home Main purpose: bear children Taught domestic skills Not allowed out of the house except maybe nearby Some promiscuous women were educated in order to entertain men in conversation and learned dancing