Phase II Archaeological Testing at the John Brice II House (18AP53), 195 Prince George Street, Annapolis, Maryland 2013

Transcription

1 Phase II Archaeological Testig at the Joh Brice II House (18AP53), 195 Price George Street, Aapolis, Marylad 2013 By Kathry H. Deeley Departmet of Athropology Uiversity of Marylad College Park, MD Pricipal Ivestigator Mark P. Leoe Departmet of Athropology Uiversity of Marylad College Park, MD Report Prepared for City of Aapolis Archaeology i Aapolis, Uiversity of Marylad at College Park 2014 Iterim Report 1

2 Abstract This report details the secod archaeological excavatio that took place at 195 Price George Street, kow as the Joh Brice II House or the Judge Joh Brice House. This two-story brick dwellig built by Joh Brice II is cosidered by some as a foreruer to the elaborate coloial homes built i Aapolis durig the mid- to late-18 th cetury. Joh Brice II was a public servat ad also ra a small store i Aapolis. His family owed ad lived i the property util the mid-19 th cetury. The Halliga-Adair family purchased the home i 1917 ad cotiues to occupy the property today. The first seaso of archaeological excavatios was i the fall of 1989, ad is detailed i a report writte by Julie Erstei (1990). The secod seaso of excavatios took place as part of the Uiversity of Marylad Summer 2013 Field School i Urba Archaeology. As part of this seaso of excavatio, 10 shovel test pits were dug at approximately 20 foot itervals across the frot ad back yards of the property. Four 5 x 5 excavatio uits were placed i the backyard of the property. Oly oe of these uits was excavated to sterile soil. The remaiig three were covered with plastic ladscapig tarp before beig backfilled so that excavatio of these uits could cotiue i the future. The prelimiary excavatios of the Joh Brice II House show three large scale yard modificatios to the backyard ladscape, each roughly correspodig with the chage i property owers. The oldest levels recovered from the backyard cotaied a late 18 th oyster shell path ad associated garde bed that are likely evidece of the ladscapig features of the Brice Family occupatio of the property. The 19 th cetury archaeological occupatio levels idicate a reorietatio of the backyard ladscape, ad several large features datig to this time period were discovered i the last week of excavatio. Further research is required to determie the exact ature ad relatioships of these features. Cotiued excavatios have the potetial to reveal more iformatio about the chages i the urba ladscape of Aapolis from the 18 th cetury to the 21 st cetury as well as iformatio about the lives of the families who occupied this property. 2

3 Ackowledgemets Special thaks goes to the Adair family for graciously allowig us to excavate i their yard ad for their ethusiasm ad support for the project. The field ad laboratory work were supported by the City of Aapolis Commuity Grat, ad a special thak you to Alderma Joe Budge for comig to see the excavatios i progress. This project has also beefited from the support of the Aapolis Historic Preservatio Commissio, Lisa Craig, ad Shari Pippe. The Historic Aapolis Foudatio also provided support for this project by makig a field lab locatio i Aapolis available, which was crucial to our success, ad through the visits of Robert Clark ad Mollie Ridout to the site. Thaks to the 2013 Uiversity of Marylad Field School i Urba Arhcaeology studets: Aleksadr Agaruov, Agelica Barrall, Elizabeth Berry, Natalie Berry, Emily Bokelma, Shau Eglish, Ia Guillermo, Elizabeth Harford, Katie Hutchiso, Norma Oldfield, Nicole Puzi, Jua Rivas, Audrey Schaefer, Kasey Schumacher, Maria Sharova, Sabria Shirazi, ad Max Isobel Taylorch. Your hard work, positive attitudes, ad laughter made this project both successful ad fu. Fially, thak you to Beth Pruitt, Bejami Skolik, Stefa Woehlke, Kat Abe, ad Tracy Jekis for their support, ad ecouragemet throughout this project. 3

4 Table of Cotets Abstract... 2 Ackowledgemets... 3 Table of Cotets... 4 List of Figures... 5 List of Tables... 6 Chapter I: Project Methods... 7 Archival Research...7 Fieldwork Methodology...7 Laboratory Methodology...9 Chapter II: Project Backgroud Geeral History of Aapolis History ad Site Backgroud of 195 Price George Street, The Joh Brice II House Chapter III: Uit Summaries Uit Uit Uit Uit Chapter IV: Coclusios ad Recommedatios Works Cited Appedix 1: Map of STP ad Test Uit Locatios at 18AP Appedix 2: Map of Curret Ladscape of 195 Price George Street (18AP53) Appedix 3: Map of Historic Ladscape at 195 Price George Street (18AP53)

5 List of Figures Figure 1: 195 Price George Street, the Joh Brice II House Figure 2: 1959 Sabor Fire Isurace Map, Figure 3: Uit 2, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Figure 4: Uit 2 Profile of North Wall Figure 5: Uit 3, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Figure 6: Uit 3 Profile of South Wall Figure 7: Uit 4, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Figure 8: Uit 4 Profile of East Wall Figure 9: Uit 5, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Figure 10: Uit 5 Profile of North Wall

6 List of Tables Table 1: Excavatio Summary of Uit Table 2: Excavatio Summary of Uit Table 3: Excavatio Summary of Uit Table 4: Excavatio Summary of Uit

7 Chapter I: Project Methods Research coducted o 195 Price George Street, kow as the Joh Brice II House, icluded historical ad archival research, i additio to two separate occasios of field research ad excavatio. The first seaso was i the fall of 1989, ad is detailed i a report writte by Julie Erstei, who lead that seaso s field excavatios. Excavatios at 195 Price George Street were also coducted as part of the Uiversity of Marylad Summer 2013 Field School i Urba Archaeology. After the coclusio of the excavatios, the materials obtaied were brought back to the Archaeology i Aapolis Laboratory at the Uiversity of Marylad, College Park. This seaso of excavatio is detailed i this report. Archival Research There are a variety of public records available relevat to the ivestigatio of the occupatio of 195 Price George Street. These icluded the Marylad Ivetory of Historic Properties, Cesus Records, Lad Records for Ae Arudel Couty, Marriage Records, Death Records, ad Baptism Records. The majority of the archival research o this property was coducted as part of the 1989 excavatio seaso (See Erstei 1990). The Marylad Ivetory of Historic Properties was the logical place to start this iquiry ito the public records, sice it cosults several sources ad a record exists for 195 Price George Street. The Lad Records for Ae Arudel Couty was aother source that was cosulted. The records allowed the owership of the property to be traced, ad helped determie how the value of the property has chaged over time ad approximately whe improvemets were made o the property. After examiig the Lad Records to determie who owed the property throughout time, the Cesus Records were cosulted. Cesus Records provide iformatio ot oly about who was livig at the property, but also if the umberig of the property has chaged, what occupatios the family members were ivolved i, ad occasioally, how much the property was worth ad the educatioal level of the idividuals icluded i the record. Icrease i listed property value may idicate improvemets that were made to the property ad would provide a te-year widow durig which those improvemets could have bee made. Aother way i which the improvemets to the property are traced is through historic maps of Aapolis. I particular, the Sabor Fire Isurace Maps of Aapolis, made i 1885, 1891, 1897, 1903, 1908, 1913, ad 1921, were useful i tracig the additio of buildig structures o the property. Fieldwork Methodology Excavatios at 195 Price George Street were coducted as part of the Summer 2013 Sessio I Field School i Urba Archaeology through Archaeology i Aapolis at the Uiversity of Marylad, College Park. The iitial testig coducted i 1989 idicated that there was high potetial for archaeologically itact deposits i the frot ad back yards of the property, so both yard spaces were surveyed usig shovel test pits (Erstei 1990). Trasects were 7

8 established at 10 foot itervals. Three trasect lies were excavated i the back yard of the property, labeled A, B, ad C movig from site orth to site south. The STPs i a trasect lie were umbered from East to West begiig with 1. All of the Trasects bega 1 foot west of the origial structure. The shovel test pits were dug i 20 foot itervals, alteratig to achieve a checkerboard patter. I Trasects A ad C, shovel test pits were dug o the eve itervals, at 0, 20, 40, 60 ad 80 feet. I Trasect lie C the twetieth cetury additio preveted the first two shovel test pits from beig excavated. Trasect B had its iitial test pit located 10 feet west of the structure ad cotiuig every twety feet, at 10, 30, ad 50 feet. The STPs were labeled by Trasect lie ad East-West positio (e.g. STP A-1, STP B-4, STP C-5). STP B-6 was offset by 1 foot to the east because of a large tree located i the ceter of the yard. I total, 10 STPs were excavated i the backyard of the property. This trasect system was also used for shovel testig i the frot yard. Four trasect lies were established, te feet apart, begiig with lie D o the orth side of the yard, through lie G o the south side of the yard. The test pits i each trasect were umbered, begiig with 1, which was offset 1 foot off the cast-iro fece that eclosed the frot yard, ad cotiuig to 10 i Trasect G. Trasects D, ad F were excavated at eve itervals, at 0, 20, ad 40 feet away from the fece lie. Trasect E was excavated at odd itervals, at 10, ad 30 feet away from the fece. Trasect G exteded the logest, ad was also excavated at odd itervals, at 10, 30, 50, 70, ad 90 feet away from the fece lie, ad therefore icluded testig of the south side yard of the property. I the frot yard, three of the STPs had to be offset because of ladscapig features STP D5 was offset three feet to the east, STP E4 was offset 1 foot to the orth, ad STP F5 was offset to the east to avoid a moder platig bed ad the moder path to the frot door. Usig the materials recovered from the shovel testig i the backyard, uit locatios were determied ad four 5 foot by 5 foot excavatio uits were placed i the backyard (See Appedix 1 for Map of Test Uit Locatios ad Appedix 2 for Map of the Moder Ladscape Features). The excavatios were coducted accordig to the guidelies set out by the Marylad Historic Trust Archaeology Office i the Stadards ad Guidelies for Archaeological Ivestigatios i Marylad (Shaffer ad Cole 1994). Before excavatios bega, permissio was obtaied from the curret occupats ad homeowers, the Adair family, ad the Aapolis Historic Preservatio Commissio. The locatio of each test uit was recorded i relatio to the stadig structure o the property. The elevatios withi each uit were recorded throughout the excavatios usig a lie level from the highest corer of the uit, which resulted i each elevatio beig recorded i relatio to the curret grade of the backyard. All excavatios were coducted with appropriate had tools, icludig trowels, shovels, ad pick axes. Excavatios i both uits i the backyard were exteded ito culturally sterile soils approximately oe foot. Each excavatio uit was umbered idividually, cotiuig the sequetial umberig of excavatio uits from previous year of excavatio at this property (Erstei 1990). The uits were excavated by atural soil layers, ad each stratigraphic level was give a uique letter 8

9 desigatio. I order to icrease vertical cotrol i atural levels that exteded beyod approximately 0.5 feet i depth, arbitrary levels were desigated withi the atural level. Detailed field otes were kept throughout the excavatios by all of the studets excavatig at the site ad icluded descriptios of soil colors ad textures, ad artifacts ad features ucovered. These otes were take i additio to the stadardized forms, which were also filled out for each level ad feature, that recorded soil color, soil texture, uit elevatios, artifacts recovered, ad ay relevat iterpretatios. The forms also icluded a pla drawig of the uit, which were draw to scale usig a egieer s scale (teths of a foot) ad recorded the photographs associated with that level or feature. Photographs were take at the top of each ew level ad feature. Fial scaled profile drawigs of each of the uit s walls were completed whe the excavatio reached culturally sterile soil ad photographs of each wall were take. All sedimet removed from the excavatio uits was screeed through 1/4 ich mesh wire, ad artifacts collected by stratum or feature. Laboratory Methodology All artifacts recovered from the excavatios at the Joh Brice II House were trasported to the Archaeology i Aapolis Laboratory, located i the Departmet of Athropology at the Uiversity of Marylad, College Park. All of these artifacts were washed, idetified, catalogued, ad processed accordig the guidelies set out by the State of Marylad (Seifert 1999). Durable, stable artifacts, such as glass, ceramic, plastics, ad heavily corroded metals, were washed i water ad set out to dry o dryig racks. More fragile artifacts, such as boe ad metal, were dry brushed. After beig cleaed, the artifacts were sorted by type ad placed i re-sealable archival quality plastic bags, labeled with their proveiece iformatio, icludig site umber, uit umber, ad level or feature umber, ad a assiged bag umber. All recovered artifacts were cataloged accordig to the Archaeology i Aapolis catalog system (Appedix I: Catalog Codes ad sample catalog sheet). Artifacts were idetified ad cataloged by their type, material, fuctio ad date. Brick, cocrete, ad mortar were couted, weighed ad discarded accordig to the stadards defied for the state of Marylad (Shafer ad Cole 1994, Seifert 1999). A sample of te left-side oyster shells was take for each level or feature i which they were ecoutered ad the rest of the oyster shells were couted, weighed ad discarded. The catalog was etered directly ito a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (see Appedix B). From the catalog database, prelimiary aalyses were able to be doe, with particular attetio paid to obtaiig approximate dates for each level ad feature. Ceramics were especially useful for datig purposes, ad moder materials, such as wire ails, sythetic materials, ad plastics, were useful i datig late ieteeth ad twetieth cetury deposits. Examiig the catalog also helped provide a basic uderstadig of how the areas where the excavatio uits were located were beig used ad how that use chaged over time. The artifacts recovered from 195 Price George Street are curretly beig housed i the Archaeology i Aapolis Laboratory at the Departmet of Athropology at the Uiversity of Marylad, College Park. The artifacts are owed by the homeowers, the Adair family, ad after 9

10 the completio of this project, the Uiversity of Marylad, College Park will cooperate with the homeower to fial a permaet storage locatio for the archaeological materials recovered. 10

11 Chapter II: Project Backgroud Geeral History of Aapolis Aapolis was first settled by Protestat Virgiias, lookig for religious freedom, i 1649, approximately fiftee years after Marylad was established as a coloy by the Calvert family (Potter 1989: 121; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xvii; Ives 1979:131). I the early years of occupatio of the city, the coloists took advatage of the regio s rich, well-draied soils to grow tobacco ad i 1684, oe hudred acres of lad were surveyed i order to ecourage the developmet of a port for tobacco tradig (Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xvii). Betwee 1649 ad 1695, Aapolis had several ames, icludig Providece, the Tow Lad at Proctor s, Arudelto, ad Ae Arudel Tow (Potter 1989: 121;; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998:xvii). Fially, i 1694, the city took its ame from Pricess Ae, the secod daughter of James II ad sister of Quee Mary (Potter 1989: 123). I 1689, there was a shift i the govermet of Marylad, from a Proprietary Govermet to a Royal Govermet, ad from 1689 to 1715, the coloy was govered by a series of five goverors appoited by the Eglish crow (Potter 1989: 123). Uder the leadership of Goveror Fracis Nicholso, Aapolis replaced St. Mary s City as the capital of Marylad i 1694 (Potter 1989: 123; Ives 1979: 131; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xvii). The reasos for this chage were partially ecoomic, sice Aapolis was more cetrally located withi 17 th cetury Marylad, ad partially religious, sice Nicholso was a Protestat ad wated to move the capital away from Catholic-domiated St. Mary s City (Potter 1989: 123;; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998:xvii). After movig the capital to Aapolis, Nicholso resurveyed the still relatively rural settle to make it ito a urba city. He created a Baroque pla for the city, based o circles, radiatig streets, ad broad vistas (Potter 1989: 124; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xvii). The city received its charter from Quee Ae ad became a port of etry i 1708, ad for the first half of the 18 th cetury, Aapolis remaied a relatively small settlemet (Potter 1989: 125-6; Ives 1979: 131). Substatial growth did ot occur i the city util the late 1710s ad 1720s, whe the city became a bureaucratic ceter (Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xx). Durig the 1730s ad 40s, the oce substatial middle class i Aapolis bega to disappear ad a few idividuals rose to the top as they leared how to profit from tradig tobacco, which remaied the domiat crop throughout the coloial period (Potter 1989: 126-7; Leoe 2005: 21). The late 18 th cetury is geerally cosidered the Golde Age of Aapolis. The city s status as the capital of the coloy attracted wealthy ad importat people as residets (Potter 1989: 128; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998:xx). The Cotietal Cogress met i the Marylad State House i Aapolis for six moths at the ed of the Revolutioary War, durig which time the city served as the Capital of the ewly formed Uited States (Potter 1989: 129; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xxi). After the America Revolutio, Aapolis bega to declie as the city lost its ecoomic ad social power (Potter 1989: 130; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xxi). By 1790, Aapolis bega to be surpassed by the growig idustrial ad commercial port of Baltimore. Aapolis lost a large portio of its commerce ad its wealthier residets ad was reduced to 11

12 the status of a local port (Potter 1989: 130;; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998: xxi). Aapolis also had to struggle to remai the seat of Marylad s govermet (Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998:xxi). Baltimore residets pushed to have the state govermet moved out of Aapolis ito Baltimore o at least three occasios, i 1786, 1817 ad 1864, but all these attempts were usuccessful, ad Aapolis remaied the capital (Potter 1989: 131). Durig this period of relative declie, Aapolis was workig to covice the federal govermet to establish a aval school i the city as a way to attract idustry back ito they city (Potter 1989: 132). The first appeal to establish a aval port i the recetly abadoed port i Aapolis came i 1817 (Larse 2004: 176). This appeal was usuccessful, ad it was ot util the Elk-Ridge Railroad was built to coect Baltimore ad Aapolis that the bid to build the Naval Academy i Aapolis was seriously cosidered (Larse 2004: 178). After twety years of petitioig the federal govermet, Aapolis was fially successful i establishig the U.S. Naval Academy i 1845 (Potter 1989: 132; McWilliams 2011: ). After its establishmet, the Naval Academy became oe of the largest ad most stable employers i Aapolis but throughout the 19 th cetury, the Naval Academy remaied relatively small ad physically uimpressive (Mullis ad Warer 1993: 15;; Potter 1989: 132;; McWilliams 2011: ). Despite the fact that the arrival of the Naval Academy is see as a essetial turig poit i the history of Aapolis, the Academy has remaied isolated from the city, by separatig itself spatially ad i idetity (Larse 2004: 179). The separatio created by the Naval Academy is able to coceal politically live coflicts betwee istitutios ad groups i the cotemporary city (Leoe, Potter, ad Shackel 1987: 286). Durig the Civil War, Aapolis served as a garriso for Uio troops ad the Naval Academy was moved to Newport, Rhode Islad, to avoid ay coflict that might arise from Souther sympathizers i Aapolis (Ives 1979: 132, 134; Larse 2004: 203). After the war eded, Aapolitas had to work to covice the Naval Academy to retur (Larse 2004: 203). The lack of moder facilities ad cramped quarters i Aapolis caused the Naval Academy to ot wat to retur to Aapolis, ad as a result, lad was cleared i Aapolis to expad the Academy (Larse 2004: 203). The late ieteeth cetury saw a growth i water-based idustries i Aapolis (Larse 2004: 204; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998:xxii). Buildig icreased durig this period, especially ew homes ad shops, ad several projects desiged to ehace the beauty of the city were completed (Larse 2004: 206). A summer resort was opeed i the early 1880s, which was idicative of the tred toward Aapolis as a destiatio city ad tourist attractio (Larse 2004: 206, 207; McWilliams 2011: ). I the late ieteeth ad early twetieth ceturies, Aapolis struggled with tryig to be both a moder city, with electric street lightig ad trolley trais, ad a aciet city, still largely itact sice its 17 th cetury origis (Matthews 2002; McWilliams 2011; Palus 2011). A summer resort, opeed i the early 1880s, is idicative of the tred toward Aapolis as a destiatio city ad tourist attractio (Larse 2004; McWilliams 2011; Matthews 2002). The Naval Academy, the local ad state govermet, service sector jobs, ad tourism cotiue to fuel the ecoomy of Aapolis ad the historic heritage of the city has bee preserved through the efforts ad 12

13 ifluece of historic foudatios, such as the Historic Aapolis Foudatio, as well as private tour compaies ad busiess (Larse 2004: 223). Aapolis embraced its historic roots as a way to cotiue to attract visitors to the city ad a historic preservatio movemet became a focus for may people i the city (Matthews 2002; Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998). The works of Archaeology i Aapolis, fouded i 1981 by Dr. Mark Leoe ad the Uiversity of Marylad, cotiue this goal of preservig the history of Aapolis ad cotiue to expad the uderstadig of the Aapolitas multiple experieces i the past (Shackel, Mullis, ad Warer 1998; Cochra et. al. 2010; Mullis ad Warer 1993; Leoe 2005; Matthews 2002). History ad Site Backgroud of 195 Price George Street, The Joh Brice II House 195 Price George Street lies withi lot umber 85 o the 1718 Stoddert Survey of Aapolis. Lot 85 was surveyed i 1718 for Amos Garrett, the first mayor of Aapolis, ad cotaied approximately 31,880 sq. ft. I 1737 the property was coveyed from the heirs of Mayor Garrett to Joh Brice II at which poit it was valued at 55. May of the historic documets that detail the earliest history of the property were lost i a 1704 fire (Erstei 1990). However, aalysis of the wood frame of the house were dated to the growig seaso of 1738 usig dedrochroology, suggestig that the structure was built sometime shortly after thereafter, likely i 1739 (Chappell et. a. 1998: 44). Figure 1: 195 Price George Street, the Joh Brice II House 1 Joh Brice II was a public servat i Aapolis, holdig several offices i Aapolis startig i 1740, icludig Chief Justice of the Provicial Court, Alderma of Aapolis, Clerk of the Court, ad Judge of the Wester Shore Circuit. I additio to these public positios, Brice also ra a small store, which is believed to have bee located ear the extat structure o the property 1 Image from HABS 13

14 ad later served as Joh Brice III s law office (Erstei 1998). The locatio of this store is ot kow ad it is possible that it was located i the basemet of the home. This two-story brick dwellig built by Joh Brice II, sometimes kow as Judge Joh Brice, is cosidered by some as a foreruer to the elaborate coloial homes built i Aapolis durig the mid- to late-18 th cetury. These elaborate homes iclude the oe started by Joh Brice II ad fiished by his so, James Brice, o East Street (Chappell et. al. 1998: 44). I 1765, a year before his death, Joh Brice s house ad store were ivetoried. His household goods were valued at ad the store at Whe Joh Brice II died i 1766, his house ad the lot it stood o passed to his wife, Sarah ad the store was left to his so, Joh III. Sarah Brice passed away i 1782, at which poit Joh III iherited the house ad lot. I the 1798 Federal Direct Tax, Joh Brice III was assessed as havig $1,200 i the form of a 40 foot by 34 foot, two-story brick dwellig, a brick outhouse, a stable, ad a oe-story outhouse (Erstei 2000). Figure 2: 1959 Sabor Fire Isurace Map, 195 Price George Street Highlighted i Red After the death of Joh Brice III, the owership of his property to passed his daughter, Margaret C. Smith, accordig to his 1820 will. She later trasferred the property to Joh T. Barber (WSG 26 f ). Barber s wife, Mary, acquired the property i 1854, but passed away i Her property passed to her three childre, Mary E., George, ad Joh T. Barber, Jr. Mary E. Barber (Carter) ad her brother George sold their portio of the property to their brother Joh T. Barber i 1872 (Erstei 2000). 14

15 The Price George Street properties remaied i Barber's hads for oly a few more years, ad i 1875 he sold them to Catherie Spottswood Berkely Iglehart for $2,000 (Erstei 2000). After she purchased the property, Iglehart upgraded the property, covertig rooms i the existig house ad addig a ew porch to the frot ad frame additio to the back of the structure aroud the tur of the cetury (Chappell et. al. 1998: 46). I 1917, Katria Loomis Halliga purchased the property after Catherie S.B. Iglehart died for $5,500. Halliga coveyed the property at 195 Price George Street to her daughter Katherie Halliga Adair ad gradchildre Katherie Halliga Adair (Mazurek), Joh Halliga Adair, ad Charles Halliga Adair i These four remaied uder joit teacy util the death of Katherie Halliga Adair i 1998 ad the property passed exclusively to the gradchildre, who cotiue to ow the property joitly. Durig the 1998 field seaso, the property was occupied by Katherie Mazurek. Durig the 2013 excavatio, Joh Adair s daughter, Kay, ad her family occupied the property. 15

16 Chapter III: Uit Summaries Uit 2 Test Uit 2 measured five feet by five feet ad was located i the orthwester corer of the yard. This uit was the furthest from the house, ad was placed i the back corer of the yard i hopes of locatig potetial outbuildigs. The uit was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.3 feet below the curret grade ad cotaied six stratigraphic levels ad four features. Two of those features were idetified o the last day of excavatio, ad were left uexcavated, alog with the remaider of the uit. Moder Occupatio Level A was a moder yard surface level that lacked ay grass or sod ad was predomiately silt ad sad. It cotaied small shards of glass, moder gardeig remats, icludig flower labels, ad sythetic materials. Level A was a thi level, ad was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.12 feet below the curret groud surface. Level B was aother moder yard scatter level idetified by its dark brow color with red mottlig, ad small iclusios of brick, mortar, oyster shell ad coal. This level also cotaied pieces of glass ad sythetic materials. At the bottom of level B, a redder feature, feature 100, was idetified i the easter ad ceter portio of the uit. Level B was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.2 feet below the curret grade of the yard. Mid 20 th Cetury Feature 100 was a large fill feature associated with the platig or removal of a garde elemet, either a small tree or bush. This feature covered approximately half of Uit 2 ad was divided ito three arbitrary levels. This feature was bisected from east to west ad the orther half of the feature was excavated first. Withi Feature 100, a additioal feature was foud a rodet burrow. This feature, Feature 101, was ecoutered approximately 0.5 feet below the curret groud surface. At this poit, Feature 100 was subdivided ito 2 arbitrary levels, with Feature 100a beig above the rodet burrow, ad Feature 100a2 begiig where Feature 101 was discovered. Feature 101 was a rodet burrow that exteded from the middle of the orth wall to the east wall, goig through feature 100. It is likely that the rodet burrow is partially resposible for the fill feature, Feature 100. I the burrow, moder sythetic fibers were foud, resemblig a est of some kid. It s likely that a rodet chose this locatio because the soil was already looseed from the fill of feature 100. It also appears that the rodet burrow obscured the orther edge of Feature 100. Feature 101 was excavated before Feature 100a2. Feature 100a2 exteded 0.9 feet below the curret groud surface. After completig excavatio of the rodet burrow, the remaider of the orth half of Feature 100 was excavated as Feature 100a2. This exposed more of the rodet burrow, which was excavated as Feature 101b. Aother feature was foud i the ceter of Feature 100, straddlig the bisect lie. This feature was excavated as Feature 100b. Feature 100b was a fill feature, possible resultig from the platig ad subsequet removal of the bush/tree, as a large root budle was foud i the ceter of the feature. Feature 100b exteded across the bisect lie ad therefore was excavated o the south side of the previously bisected Feature 100. Feature 100b icluded all of the south side bisect ad was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.3 feet below the curret groud surface. 16

17 After Feature 100 ad 101 were removed, Level C was excavated. Usig the profile of Level C exposed by the feature excavatio, shovels were used to remove Level C. This level was aother garde yard scatter level cotaiig plat tags, ails, glass, whiteware, pipestem ad marbles. Level C was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.4 feet below the curret grade of the backyard. Level D was idetified by the bright yellow i the clay of this level. It is a fairly uiform mottled clay level, that is likely filled used to raise the grade of the backyard. Artifacts foud i level D icluded pieces of plastic, rubber, a fragmet of a coke ca, whiteware, pearlware, brick, oyster shell, mortar, a brass shell casig, wire ails, a screw, flatglass ad bottle glass. Level D was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.7 feet below the curret groud surface. Early 20 th Cetury Level E was a additioal fill level that cotaied more clay tha Level D. Brick, mortar, whiteware, pearlware, ails, glass ad a clay marble were foud i this level. Level E was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.3 feet below the curret groud surface Levels E ad D suggest that the grade of the backyard was raised i two episodes ad the west side of the backyard was likely at least a foot lower i the 19 th cetury. Late 19 th Cetury Level F is a red sady late 19 th cetury yard scatter level that cotaied pearlware, irostoe, cut ails, ad a pipe bowl. Level F is the level that was exposed at the bottom of feature 100 ad 101. At the bottom of Level F, two coal ash-filled post holes were revealed i the southeaster quadrat of the uit. These two holes were idetified as features 115 ad 118. Paperwork was started for these features, but due to time costraits, either feature was able to be excavated. The uit was covered i tarp ad backfilled with the itetio of returig to complete the excavatio of the uit i the followig summer. 17

18 Figure 3: Uit 2, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Photograph by Beth Pruitt Iterpretatio Uit 2 cotaied several aimal disturbace features that obscure the archaeology. However, this uit also cotais several fill levels that provide evidece of how the portio of the yard furthest from the house was modified at the ed of the 19 th ad begiig of 20 th ceturies. From the fill levels excavated, it appears that the grade of the yard was raised i the early 20 th cetury. This may be the result of re-fillig terracig from the 18 th cetury garde ladscape, revealed i Uit 4. Excavatios i Uit 2 were stopped before sterile soil was reached, ad therefore Uit 2 likely also cotais iformatio about the use of this space durig the 19 th ad 18 th ceturies. Further excavatios are eeded to determie the fuctio of the two coal ash features idetified at the bottom of Level F, ad their relatioship to the use of the yard space durig the 19 th cetury. 18

19 Uit Level/ Feature Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Table 1: Excavatio Summary of Uit 2 Averag e Depth Muse ll Code Soil Color Soil Texture Iterpretatio Bag Number 2 A /4 (40%); 3/3 (60%) (40%); (60%) (60%); Sad (40%) Moder yard scatter ad garde materials 11 2 B /3 (90%); 7.5 YR 4/6 (10%) (90%); Strog (10%) y Sad Yard Scatter a /6 (40%); 3/3 (60%) (40%); (60%) Clay Fill a /4 (60%); 2/2 (40%) (60%); Very (40%) (60%); Clay (40%) Fill i Rodet Burrow 30 19

20 /3 y Clay Rodet Burrow 27 20

21 Cotiuatio of Table 1: Excavatio Summary of Uit 2 Uit Level/ Feature Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Averag e Depth Muse ll Code Soil Color Soil Texture Iterpretatio Bag Number 2 100b /6 (60%); 3/4 (40%) yellowis h brow (60%); h brow (40%) y clay (60%); (40%) Gardeig/ Trash fill (moder) 44 2 C /6 (70%); 4/6 (30%) h brow (70%); yellowis h brow (30%) y loam Surface scatter associated with gardeig 52 2 D /4 (60%); 5/6 (40%) yellowis h brow (60%); yellowis h brow (40%) y loam (60%); silt (40%) Yard scatter b /4 y Clay Rodet Burrow N/A 2 E /3 (40%); 4/6 (40%); Clay loam Terrace Fill 71 21

22 (60%) (60%) 22

23 Cotiuatio of Table 1: Excavatio Summary of Uit 2 Uit Level/ Feature Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Averag e Depth Muse ll Code Soil Color Soil Texture Iterpretatio Bag Number 2 F YR 4/6 Strog 19th Cetury Yard Scatter Y 6/4 Light Ashy Coal Ash Filled Post Hole Y 6/4 Light Ashy Coal Ash Filled Post Hole Figure 4: Uit 2 Profile of North Wall 23

24 24

25 Uit 3 Test Uit 3 measured five feet by five feet ad was located i the ceter of the orther half of the yard. This uit was located i this portio of the yard i hopes of fidig gardeig features from the late 18 th ad early 19 th ceturies. The uit was excavated to a depth of approximately 2.9 feet below the curret grade ad cotaied seve stratigraphic levels ad eight features. The last level, Level G, ad feature, Feature 123, were discovered o the last day of excavatio ad were left uexcavated ad covered with plastic before the uit was backfilled. Moder Occupatio Level A was a moder surface scatter level that cotaied large amouts of pea gravel o the wester side of the uit. It cotaied a fair umber of artifacts, icludig pieces of plastic, a ladscape staple, cocrete fragmets, pumpki seeds, charcoal, bottle glass, whiteware, ad oyster shells. The wester half of the uit had a slightly lower elevatio tha the easter half of the uit. Level A was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.18 feet below the curret groud surface of the yard. Level B was a moder clay fill level with large umbers of pea gravel iclusios. The gravel was cocetrated o the orther side of the uit, but exteded throughout the uit. This level cotaied few artifacts, but these icluded pieces of brick, ails, coal, bottle glass, coarse earthewares, plastic, glass marbles ad a 1999 dime. Level B was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.49 feet below the curret groud surface. The bottom of level B revealed a differetiatio betwee the orther ad souther halves of the uit. The souther half of the uit cotaied a large rouded square feature that was iitially thought to be a post mold, but was later determied to be a platig feature, called Feature 102. This was surrouded by a red clay that was thought to be very large post hole ad was iitially called Feature 103, but was later determied to be Level C. The feature umber was ot re-used to avoid cofusio. Mid 20 th Cetury Level C was a thi level of re-deposited red clay that was cocetrated i the souther half of the uit, but exteded to the ortheast corer as well. This clay level cotaied glass, ails, oyster shells, mortar, brick fragmets, pearlware, ad whiteware. Level C was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.65 feet below the curret groud surface. Level D was a sady clay garde level that exteded across the whole uit. This level cotaied bricks, oyster shell, bottle glass, ails, stoeware, porcelai, ad pearlware. Level D was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.85 feet below the yard surface. The bottom of level D exposed several platig features. Feature 106 was a dark, gravel-filled large platig feature i the orthwest corer of the uit with a burrow hole withi the feature, creatig a ueve bottom. This platig feature cotaied brick, oyster shell, two pieces of plastic, bottle glass, pearlware, aimal boes, ad pieces of a tobacco pipe. 25

26 Early 20 th Cetury The souther half of the uit cotaied several platig features with bricks liig them. This lie of uder-fired, salmo-colored bricks exteded from east to west, ad was determied to be two separate garde border features. Feature 108 was the larger brick border, which was approximately 0.75 feet orth of the middle of south wall of the uit. The feature was approximately two feet log, ad was divided ito two parts. Feature 108a was the bricks of the garde edgig, ad the slight hole ito which these bricks were placed was Feature 108b. Feature 108b exteded further orth tha the lie of bricks by about a half a foot ad cotaied oyster shell, ails, bottle glass, ad coal. Feature 108a cotaied bottle glass, ails, irostoe, ad coal. O the south side of the lie of bricks was a smaller circular platig hole, Feature 107. The platig hole cotaied oly two artifacts, a small piece of plastic ad a piece of mortar. O the west side of Feature 107 was a larger, square platig bed, Feature 111, which exteded alog the brick edgig of Feature 108. Feature 111 cotaied bricks, pearlware, whiteware, bottle glass, ad cut ails. The smaller feature was i the southeast corer of the uit, also lied with bricks. The bricks were removed as Feature 110, ad the platig bed the east of the bricks was excavated as Feature 112. Feature 110 cotaied the edgig bricks, ad a small piece of piece of plastic ad two pieces of coal. Feature 112 was difficult to excavate because it exteded ito the southeast corer of the uit ad o artifacts were recovered from this feature. The yard surface associated with these platig features was Level E. Level E was subdivided ito two levels whe the level reached the bottom of Feature 106. Level E1 cotaied brick, coal, oyster shell, ails, coarse eartheware, stoeware, pearlware, bottle glass, mammal boes, four pipe stems, two buttos, a marble, ad a bullet. Level E2 cotaied aimal boes, pearlware, irostoe, bottle glass, flat glass, oyster shell, bricks, ad ails. Level E was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.34 feet below the curret yard surface. Late Nieteeth Cetury Level F was iitially thought to be a garde scatter level that was immediately above the sterile soil. However, a circular feature was foud at the bottom of Level F, so this level is more likely a fill level. It cotaied coarse eartheware, porcelai, pearlware, two brass buttos, a tobacco pipe stem ad bowl, mammal boes, cut ails, brick, oyster shell, ad coal. Level F was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.59 feet below the curret groud surface. The circular feature foud at the bottom of Level F was idetified as Feature 123 ad the surface surroudig it as Level G. However, both of these were exposed o the last day of excavatio, so paperwork was opeed for both, the uit was covered with plastic ad backfilled so that excavatio of this feature ad level could resume ext summer. Figure 5: Uit 3, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North 26

27 Photograph by Kat Abe Iterpretatio Uit 3 cotaied remats of the various 20 th cetury garde episodes i the backyard of 195 Price George Street. The evidece from the late 20 th cetury, or moder, period shows evidece of some attempts at platig i this portio of the yard, as see i Feature 103. The large amout of pea gravel foud from this time period also suggests additioal ladscape modificatios. Additioal platig features ad yard scatter levels from the mid 20 th cetury suggest that for the last 50 years, the backyard has bee used for small scale, iformal backyard gardeig. Durig the early 20 th cetury, there appears to have bee more formal gardes i the backyard, edged with bricks, but ot i lie with the 18 th cetury gardeig beds see i Uit 4. The oe level that was excavated datig to the 19 th cetury was a fill level that was o top of a coal-ash filled posthole feature. This hole feature looked similar to those foud i Uits 2 ad 5, ad were all foud below late 19 th cetury levels. Therefore, it is possible that all of these post holes are related. Further excavatios of Uit 3 are ecessary to determie the fuctio of this post hole ad the level ito which it was dug, ad their relatioship to the rest of the yard. 27

28 Uit Level/ Featur e Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Table 2: Excavatio Summary of Uit 3 Average Depth 3 A B /Le vel C D Musel l Code 3/3 3/3 (75%); 4/6 (25%) 3/4 4/6 (80%); 3/4 (20%) 3/4 (95%); 4/6 (5%) 3/3 (85%); 5/6 (15%) 3/3 (95%); 4/6 (5%) Soil Color (75%); (25%) yellowish brow (80%); (20%) (95%); yellowish brow (5%) (85%); (15%) (95%); Soil Texture silt (75%); Clay (25%) Clay Clay (80%); y Clay (20%) Clay (95%); Clay (5%) y Clay (85%); Clay (15%) Clay (95%); Clay (5%) Iterpretatio Surface/Garde Scatter Soil fill with gravel iclusios Bag Number Platig hole 31 Redeposited Clay Garde Scatter Platig hole with aimal burrow Platig hole 51 28

29 (5%) 3 108a /4 Clay Brick Garde Edgig 58 29

30 Uit Level/ Featur e Average Opeig Elevatio 3 108b E E F G Cotiuatio of Table 2: Excavatio Summary of Uit 3 Average Closig Average Musel Soil Soil Elevatio Depth l Code Color Texture 3/3 3/6 3/4 (85%); 3/6 (15%) 4/4 4/6 3/6 7.5 YR 5/6 7.5 YR 3/4 2.5 YR 4/3 (85%); (15%) Strog Olive Clay Clay (85%); y Clay (15%) Clayish Iterpretatio Platig feature Brick Garde Edgig Platig Feature Platig bed Bag Number N/A Fill 79 Clayish Clayish Fill 80 Yard Scatter 81 Post Mold 30

31 Figure 6: Uit 3 Profile of South Wall 31

32 Uit 4 Test Uit 4 measured five feet by five feet ad was located i the ortheaster part of the yard. It was placed to the west of STP B4, which had exposed a thi layer of flat oyster shells. This uit was also slightly orth east of a fish pod that had bee filled i by the curret occupats of the house. This uit was the closest to the house of the four uits placed i the backyard, but was separated from the house by a moder ladscapig feature, which was ot disturbed durig the excavatios. Uit 4 cotaied eight stratigraphic levels, two features, ad was excavated to a depth of approximately 2.89 feet below the curret groud surface. Moder Occupatio Level A was a surface scatter level that cotaied large umbers of gravel iclusios. Artifacts i level A icluded a alumium pop-top, brick, wire ails, a cigarette filter, ladscapig plastic, a plastic flower label, pieces of a flowerpot, ad a pey from the first decade of 21 st cetury. Level A was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret groud surface. Level B was a re-deposited clay level i the southwester corer of the uit ad was likely associated with diggig out the fish pod located to the south west of the uit. This dirt cotaied oly five artifacts, a piece of coal, a aimal boe, a shard of glass, a small piece of brick ad a piece of creamware. This level was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret yard surface. Level C was a garde yard scatter level that exteded across the whole uit. It cotaied two glass marbles, brick, oyster shell, a porcelai doll arm, several kids of plastic, wire ails, whiteware, porcelai ad several flowerpot fragmets. Level C was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret groud surface. A flat stoe was foud i the southwester corer of the uit at the bottom of Level C. Early 20 th Cetury Level D was idetified by the icrease i the umber of coal ash iclusios i this yard scatter level. There were also fewer artifacts i this level tha i Level C. It cotaied ails, bottle glass, several pieces of plastic, brick, oyster shell, ad two glass marbles. Level D was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.37 feet below the curret yard level. Level E was a early 20 th cetury yard scatter level that cotaied a spark plug, several ails, a butto, a bullet, flat glass, bottle glass, porcelai, pearlware, two tobacco pipe stems, brick, coal, oyster shell, a 1898 Idia head pey ad a 1901 pey. Level E was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret groud surface. Late 19 th Cetury Mid 19 th Cetury Level F was a thick yard scatter level that likely spaed half a cetury or more that was subdivided ito two levels. Level F1 cotaied white salt-glazed stoeware, creamware, a silver butto, ails, irostoe, coarse eartheware, a piece of lead shot ad a slate pecil. There were three small pieces of plastic i level F1, but these likely came from the top of the level. This Level was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.96 feet below the curret groud surface. 32

33 Level F2 was established i order to icrease vertical cotrol because approximately 0.4 feet had bee removed as part of Level F1. Level F2 lacked ay materials from the late 19 th cetury ad was likely deposited i the middle of the 19 th cetury. It cotaied pearlware, whiteware, creamware, white salt-glazed stoeware, porcelai, bottle glass, a tobacco pipe bowl, ad a few mammal boes. It appears that level F2 was over excavated by approximately 0.2 feet, because there was a slight pedestal surroudig the oyster feature i the south wall. The lack of visual differetiatio but the differece i date of artifacts betwee sublevels F1 ad F2 suggest that this level built up gradually over time. Late 18 th Cetury At the bottom of Level F, a sigle layer of flat oyster shells was foud extedig out of the souther wall, Feature 104, determied to be a oyster shell path. This was the oyster feature that was idetified i STP B4. Although less of this feature was recovered i the excavatio uit tha was hoped, eough of the path was recovered to determie that the path exteded 40 feet from the door to the house. The rest of the uit ot icluded i Feature 104 was covered by Level G, which cotaied the garde bed likely associated with the oyster shell path. It cotaied oyster shell, brick, mortar, mammal boes, creamware, pearlware, porcelai, brass buttos, cut ails, bottle glass, ad a tobacco pipe stem. Level G was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.49 feet below the curret grade of the yard. At the bottom of Level G was a small, circular feature. This was iitially thought to be a garde post feature, called Feature 109, but was later determied to be a very shallow stai or a shovel divot. There were oly two small pieces of oyster shell i this divot feature. Level H was the sterile subsoil. Two artifacts were foud ear the top of the level, icludig a brick fragmet ad a piece of coal. This level was subdivided ito two sublevels. Level H1 was excavated to a depth of 1.74 feet below the curret yard surface. At this poit o more artifacts were beig recovered, ad a oe foot by oe foot widow was dug i the southeast corer of the uit ad called level H2. 33

34 Figure 7: Uit 4, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Photograph by Stefa Woehlke Iterpretatio Uit 4 cotaied the remats of the late 18 th cetury formal garde likely built by Joh Brice ad his family. The differece betwee the profiles of the orth ad south wall was what iitially allowed archaeologists to idetify the garde bed i the uit. After the Brice family sold the property, the formal garde appears to have bee abadoed ad the garde beds covered over by gradual accumulatio of yard scatter. The chage from yard scatter to garde bed was very gradual, makig it difficult to idetify the garde beds durig excavatio. This gradual accumulatio of yard debris appears to have cotiued util the fish pod was istalled i the backyard, ad some of the dirt from this excavatio eded up i Uit 4. 34

35 Uit Level/ Featur e Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Table 3: Excavatio Summary of Uit 4 Averag e Depth 4 A B C D E F Musell Code 5/3 7.5 YR 4/6 (60%); 3/6 (40%) 4/4 4/4 5/3 (45%); 3/4 (40%); 4/6 (5%); 3/4 (10%) 4/0 (40%); 3/3 (40%); 3/6 (20%) Soil Color Strog (60%); (40%) (45%); (40%); (5%); (10%) h brow (40%); (20%); (20%) Soil Texture Clay (60%); (40%) Iterpretatio Surface Scatter Bag Number 13 Yard Scatter 17 Garde Scatter 20 Yard Scatter 24 Early 20th cetury scatter mid-late 19th cetutry Scatter

36 36

37 Cotiuatio of Table 3: Excavatio Summary of Uit 4 Uit Level/ Featur e Average Opeig Elevatio Average Closig Elevatio Averag e Depth Musell Code Soil Color Soil Texture Iterpretatio Bag Number 4 F G H H /6 (40%); 3/3 (40%); 3/6 (20%) 7.5 YR 3/4 7.5 YR 3/4 (80%); 3/4 (20)+% 3/4 7.5 YR 3/4 (70%); 3/4 (30%) 7.5 YR 3/4 (70%); 3/4 (30%) (40%); (40%); yellowish brow (20%) (80%); (20%) h brow (70%); (30%) (70%); y Clay y y Clay Mid-early 19th cetury scatter Early 19th cetury oyster bed Late 18th cetury Garde Bed Shovel divet or stai Trasitioal Sub N/A 54 Clay Sub Widow N/A 37

38 38 (30%)

39 Figure 8: Uit 4 Profile of East Wall 39

40 Uit 5 Uit 5 measured five feet by five feet ad was located i the souther half of the yard, the oly uit located to the south of the large tree that domiated the ceter of the yard space. This uit was located to the south of STP C7, which had exposed several thi coal ash levels. Uit 5 cotaied te stratigraphic levels, ie features, ad was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.47 feet below the curret groud surface. Of the ie archaeological features, six of them were exposed o the last day of excavatio. These six features, ad the last stratigraphic level were recorded, ad paperwork was started for each of them, but oe of them were excavated. They were covered with plastic ad backfilled so that they could be excavated ext summer. Moder Occupatio Level A was a surface scatter level that cotaied brick, coal, slag, a 1979 quarter, peies datig to 1977, 1978, 1979 ad 1996, cigarette filters, several differet kids of plastic, wire ails, screws, brick, oyster shell, half a graphite pecil, copper wire, pieces of flowerpots, a packig peaut, ad the plug ed of a coaxial cable. Level A was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.39 feet below the curret yard surface. Mid 20 th Cetury Level B was a clay yard scatter level with pockets of coal ash throughout. This level cotaied copper wire, a slate pecil, porcelai, brick, bottle glass, ad widow glass. Level B was excavated to a depth of approximately 0.53 feet below the curret groud surface. Early 20 th Cetury By the bottom of level B, the quatity of coal ash iclusios icreased dramatically i the easter wall, although they did t appear everywhere. This appearace of coal ash was part of Level D, ad Level B was over excavated i this portio of the uit. Level C was a thi silty clay yard scatter with coal iclusios that exteded everywhere but the orthwest corer of the uit. This level cotaied bricks, flatglass, bottle glass, porcelai, pearlware, ails, oyster shell, slag ad cliker. Level C was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret grade of the yard. Removig the thi layer of silty clay exposed the thi coal ash layer of level D. This level exteded everywhere i the uit except for the orthwest corer. Level D cotaied a huge amout of metal, icludig a large flat iro disk, approximately seve iches i diameter. This level also cotaied aimal boe, flatglass, a porcelai doll leg, a battery core, pieces of irostoe, ad coarse eartheware, ad large amouts of brick, coal, slag ad cliker. Level D was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret yard surface. Late 19 th Cetury Level E was a thi silt level that separated the two coal ash layers of Levels D ad F. Although this was a very thi level, Level E cotaied brick, slag, cliker, a large amout of coal, whiteware, flatglass, cut ails, ad aimal boe. Level E was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.02 feet below the curret groud surface. Level F first appeared i the ceter ad ortheast corers of the uit ad was later determied to oly cover the easter half of the 40

41 uit with a large feature extedig south out of the orth wall i the ceter of the uit. This feature was iitially thought to be part of the level that covered the wester half of the uit, so the coal ash of Level F was removed first. However, this revealed a right rust-red colored clay level below, ad ot the chocolate brow with brick iclusios that appeared o the wester half ad ceter of the uit, later excavated as Level G. Level F was excavated to a depth of approximately 1.04 feet below the curret yard level ad cotaied coal, mortar, aimal boe, flatglass, bottle glass, whiteware, lead shot, cut ails, ad a large amout of brick, ad cliker. Level G was a sady silt level with large flat-lyig brick iclusios that covered the wester half of the uit. Level G cotaied large amouts of coal ad cut ails, bottle glass, whiteware, pearlware, creamware, irostoe, brick, oyster shell, cliker, ad slag. Level G was excavated to a depth of approximately feet below the curret groud surface. Excavatios of Level G revealed that the ceter of the uit cotaied a brick ad sewer pipe filled oval shaped feature, Feature 105. Lookig at the profile, it appears that the top of Feature 105 may have bee excavated with levels E, ad F. Feature 105 tured out to be a two post holes ad post molds that had bee istalled i the 19 th cetury ad the removed as a sigle hole durig the 20 th cetury. The origial post holes were mostly destroyed whe the posts were removed, but the post molds ad a portio of the origial post holes remaied at the bottom of the feature, idetified as Features 113 ad 114. This made feature 105 both difficult to excavated ad difficult to idetify the exact edges. The feature was first idetified as the removal hole dug i the early 20 th cetury. Feature 105 was bisected ad the bricks ad sewer pipe ad the soil immediately surroudig them o the south side were removed as Feature 105a. I additio to the brick, this sublevel cotaied coal, cliker, slag, aimal boe, coarse eartheware, creamware, flatglass, ad cut ails. Feature 105 was the bisected ad the souther half of the feature was excavated as Feature 105b. Feature 105b cotaied coal, oyster shell, flat glass, cut ails, whiteware, pearlware, ad two pipe stems. The bricks of the orther half of the feature, correspodig with Feature 105a, were excavated as Feature 105c. Feature 105c cotaied brick, coal, mortar, oyster shell, porcelai, cut ails, flatglass ad aimal boes. A thi layer of coal ash was below the brick ad was excavated as Feature 105d. This sublevel cotaied coal, brick, bottle glass, irostoe, whiteware, pearlware, flatglass, aimal boe ad cut ails. The bottom of Feature 105d revealed a brick red clay, ad two softer rectagular features, idetified as Features 113 ad 114. Feature 113 was i the ceter of Feature 105 ad cotaied a sigle piece of crumblig shell tempered mortar. Feature 114 was ear the orther wall of the uit ad much larger tha 113. This feature cotaied both the bottom of the 19 th cetury post hole, Feature 114a, ad the post mold, Feature 114b. Feature 114a cotaied coal, cliker, a tobacco pipe stem, flat glass, cut ails, ad aimal boes. Feature 114b cotaied slag, coal, oyster shell, pearlware, aimal boe, flat glass, ad cut ails. After both Feature 113 ad 114 were excavated, the remaider of Feature 105 was removed as Feature 105e, the spill over from fillig the origial post holes. Feature 105e cotaied oyster shell, cut ails, tobacco pipe stems, aimal boes, flat glass, creamware, pearlware, ad whiteware. The bottom of Feature 105 was approximately 2.4 feet below the curret groud surface. 41

42 Mid 19 th Cetury At the bottom of Feature 105, excavatios resumed o the east side of the uit, which was still distict from the wester half of the uit. This half of the uit was covered by a bright red clay that was excavated as Level H. Level H was subdivided ito two levels i order to icrease vertical cotrol. Level H1 cotaied brick, mortar, coal, aimal boe, cut ails, flatglass, ad a door hige. Level H2 cotaied mortar, oyster shell, brick, flat glass, bottle glass, cut ails, irostoe, ad creamware. Both levels are thought to be scatter levels associated with the iterior of a structure. Below Level H was the brow soil that had origially bee foud the west side of the uit. Level I, therefore, exteded across the whole uit. Excavatios of Level I revealed five small, coal ashfilled circular features, Features 116, 119, 120, 121, ad 122. Surroudig features 119, 120, 121 ad 122 was a large udefied area of soil that was ot quite defied eough to be called a feature but was differet from the surroudig soil. Oe of these features, Feature 121, had a large piece of sewer pipe with mortar stickig out of it. This oe artifact was removed from the feature. However, o other artifacts were recovered from these features because they were all foud o the last day of excavatio ad were ot excavated. Paperwork was started for each of these features, the uit was covered with plastic, ad the uit was backfilled so that excavatios could cotiue i the future. Figure 9: Uit 5, Bottom of Excavatio, Facig North Photograph by Stefa Woehlke 42