1. What significance of the Phoenician alphabet? 2. What was the importance of the Phoenicians setting up coastal colonies?

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1 These sea-faring people lived along the coast of what today is Lebanon. They were famous both as magnificent craftsmen and as skilled merchants. Their purple-dyed textiles were so precious that even many centuries later the term "the purple" has remained a synonym of kingship. One of their greatest achievements, closely related to commercial transactions, was the alphabet, from which THESE LETTERS you re now reading are derived. The very concept of an alphabet, as opposed to hieroglyphs, was an intellectual quantum leap. Their navigation feats were also well known and admired. And they ventured where others would sail only centuries later, including the Atlantic. It s significant that the name the Greeks gave the north star was the "Phoenician star" An important part of Phoenician commerce was a system of coastal colonies that lined the trade routes. In these ports the goods brought on the ships were exchanged for those brought in from the inland by the indigenous peoples, often from far-away places. The Phoenician cities never joined into a single political unit. The most powerful city-state was Tyre, set on an island and surrounded by a fortified wall. The riches of Tyre, brought from all over the Mediterranean by her far-sailing fleet became proverbial. Her pride was denounced by the Hebrew prophets, especially Isaiah and Ezequiel. Questions 1. What significance of the Phoenician alphabet? 2. What was the importance of the Phoenicians setting up coastal colonies? 3. What was the most powerful city-state of the Phoenicians? 4. What African city was a major Phoenician colony? 5. Which city on the map did not belong to the Phoenicians?

2 A-B-C-D-E-F-G... This famous sequence of letters known to much of the world dates back to the 16th century B.C.E. A fairly small group of traders and merchants known as the Phoenicians created the foundation for the modern English alphabet and other alphabets. They organized a system of 22 consonants into what became the alphabet used not only by English speakers, but by speakers of many of the world's languages. The Phoenicians lived along the Mediterranean coast in what is now Lebanon. They inhabited a number of different city-states, the most famous of which were Tyre, Byblos, and Sidon. These Phoenician places were often in conflict with each other for domination of the region. Because of this lack of cooperation, the Phoenicians were conquered and forced to pay tribute to the virtually every empire in the region, including the Egyptians, Hittites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Greeks. 1. What were the components of the Phoenician alphabet? 2. Why could the Phoenicians not unite? 3. How did the lack of unity of the Phoenicians cause them problems? 4. What present day country was Phoenicia a part of? 5. What were some of the resources/products that the Phoenicians were able to trade? 6. How did Phoenicia geographic location differ from that of the 4 river civilizations ( Nile, Indus, Yellow, and Tigris-Euphrates)?

3 DBQ: ATHENS and THE OLYMPICS 1. According to Pericles, what is a responsibility of a citizen in a democracy? 2. According to Pericles, why is Athens considered a democracy? Source: Myron s famous marble sculpture of The Discus Thrower (Diskobolus) represents an Olympic event. 3. What does this statue reveal about Greek ideas about art? 4. How did the Olympics influence later civilizations?

4 REGENTS PREP: ANCIENT GREECE

5 REGENTS PREP: ANCIENT GREECE

6 HW #15 Northside Charter High School Weekly Global History Homework Packet NAME DATE PERICLES (495 B.C.E B.C.E. ) For over 20 years, at Athens' height, the city was dominated by Pericles. A magnificent orator( public speaker) with a reputation for scrupulous honesty, Pericles deepened and extended the democratic reforms that Cleisthenes, extended participation of government to more Athenian citizens. Pericles was a patron( supporter) of learning and the arts, he organized the construction of the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Athens. He also led several crucial military missions. Among them were Athens' recapture of Delphi from the Spartans in 448. His rule of Athens is often looked at as a golden age in history. Global History Reminders - Homework Packet # 15 due 01/17/14 CE - Storybook Project due 01/07/14 CE - Final Exam 01/22/14 CE

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