The First People of the Americas Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact The European Conquest of America The Iberians' New World The

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1 The First People of the Americas Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact The European Conquest of America The Iberians' New World The Amerindians' Changing World A New People and Their World The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires The New Nations of Latin America Regionalism, War, and Reconstruction: Politics and Economics, Everyday Life in an Uncertain Age, Economic Modernization, Society, and Politics, Between Revolutions: The New Politics of Class and the Economies of Import Substitution Industrialization, People and Progress, Revolution, Reaction, Democracy, and the New Global Economy, 1959 to the Present Everyday Life: 1959 to the Present List of Features List of Maps and Color Plates Map of National Capitals Preface About the Authors The First People of the Americas The First Americans Coming to America Subsistence Strategies and the Development of Agriculture Sedentary Communities and Ceremonial Centers Ceremonial Centers in Mexico and Peru The Olmec: "Mother Culture" of Mexico? Chavín de Huantar in Peru The Cities of Classic Mesoamerica Monte Albán Teotihuacan Maya Civilization in the Classic Era Peru After Chavín The Moche The Nazca Tiwanaku The Wari Empire Mesoamerica and Peru, C.E The Toltecs The Mixtecs of Oaxaca The Post-Classic Maya

2 Peru after Tiwanaku and Wari The World of Early Americans People and Their Environment Early Americans and Their Beliefs Communities, States, and War How Historians Understand Archaeology, Literacy, and the Study of History Latin American Lives Pacal the Great, King of Palenque, C.E Slice Of Life The Craft Workers of Chan Chan, 1400 C.E Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact Mesoamerica in the Fifteenth Century The Rise of the Mexica Mexica Statecraft Mexica Religion Everyday Life in the Time of the Mexica Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Spanish Invasion The Andes in the Fifteenth Century The Rise of the Incas Inca Statecraft Andean Religion in the Time of the Incas Everyday Life in the Time of the Incas The Aztecs and Incas Compared The Diversity of American Peoples The Tainos and Caribs The Tupi of Coastal Brazil The "Pueblo" Peoples of New Mexico The Spanish and the Portuguese Centuries of Conquest Medieval Iberia and the Reconquista Iberian Monarchies in the Fifteenth Century The Breakdown of Iberian "Convivencia" Iberian Society in the Fifteenth Century Iberia and the Beginnings of Overseas Expansion How Historians Understand Counting People In Past Societies Latin American Lives Tanta Carhua, Bride Of The Sun Slice Of Life The Marketplace At Tlatelolco The European Conquest of America The Europeans Arrive

3 Columbus and the First Encounters The Caribbean Colonies The Portuguese in Brazil The Spanish in Mesoamerica and the Andes Cortés and the Aztecs The Search for "Otro México" The Pizarros and the Incas Military Conquest or Strategic Alliance? Building a Colonial Society The Ecological Conquest Conquistadors, Encomenderos, and Native Peoples A Multiracial Society in Formation The "Spiritual Conquest" of Latin America Early Evangelization The Impact of Evangelization Resistance to Christianity The Consolidation of Colonial Empires The Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru The Spanish Colonial Bureaucracy Royal Government in Brazil The Church in Spanish America and Brazil The Spanish and Portuguese Empires How Historians Understand Malinche And The Uses Of Historical Memory Slice Of Life The Cuzco Cabildo Founds A Convent, 1551 Latin American Lives Domingos Fernandes Nobre, Mameluco Of Brazil The Iberians' New World The Lure of Precious Metals The Silver Boom Labor and Technology in Silver Mining Procuring a Labor Supply Gold Mining in Brazil Agriculture Sugar Plantations Haciendas and Ranches Landownership Landed Elites Rural Society Trade and Transportation International Commerce

4 Overland Transport Merchants Mercantile Restrictions Cities and Towns in the Iberians' New World Capital Cities Provincial Capitals and Other Towns Urban Amenities Urban Working Classes How Historians Understand Documenting Colonial Enterprise Latin American Lives Antonio López De Quiroga, Bolivian Entrepreneur Slice Of Life The Safra in Colonial Brazil The Amerindians' Changing World Native Communities in Mesoamerica and the Andes Shifting Populations in the República de Indios Local Government in the República de Indios Subsistence and Survival in the República de Indios Native Communities and the Cash Economy Families and Households in the República de Indios Religion and Community Life in the República de Indios Natives as Catholics Belief and Practice in the República de Indios Religion and Community Identity Mission Indians Jesuit and Franciscan Missions Native Peoples in the Jesuit and Franciscan Missions Mission Indians and Colonial Society Native Peoples and the Colonial Order Indians in the República de Españoles "Indios Bárbaros" Regional Revolts Native Historical Memory and the Colonial Order How Historians Understand Measuring Acculturation Using Indigenous Language Sources Latin American Lives Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala Slice Of Life The Indians of Oaxtepec Defend Their Land and Water A New People and Their World The Making of Multiethnic Societies Spanish and Portuguese Immigrants

5 Creoles Mestizos and Mamelucos African Slaves Slave Resistance Maroon Communities Free Blacks and Mulattos Race and Class in Colonial Latin America Social and Cultural Definitions of Race Class and Ethnicity Honor, Gender, and Patriarchy Honor and the Patriarchal Family Marriage and the Family Honor and Sexuality Honor and Homosexuality The Limits of Patriarchy Convents: "Islands of Women" Convents and Colonial Society Conformity and Defiance in Colonial Society The Social Etiquette of Everyday Life The Administration of Justice The Inquisition and Deviant Behavior Rituals of Rule Scatological Songs and Dances of Defiance How Historians Understand Parish Registers and the Study of Colonial Society Latin American Lives Juana De Cobos, Baker in Chihuahua Slice Of Life Corpus Christi in Cuzco The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires The Spanish and Portuguese Empires in Eighteenth-Century Politics Great Britain and Latin America The Seven Years' War The American Revolution and Latin America The French Revolution and Latin America The Haitian Revolution The Bourbon and Pombaline Reforms Defending the Spanish Empire Administrative Restructuring and New Viceroyalties The Power of the Church Economic Development Latin American Peoples in the Age of Revolution

6 Social Change in the Late Colonial Period The Changing Face of Colonial Cities The Enlightenment in Latin America Resistance and Rebellion in the Late Colonial Period Developing Creole Consciousness Resistance to the Bourbon Reforms Conspiracies in Brazil The Great Rebellion in Peru How Historians Understand Latin America and the Atlantic World Slice Of Life The Royal Tobacco Factory in Mexico City Latin American Lives José Antonio Aponte, sculptor of Havana SLICE OF LIFE The royal tobacco factory in Mexico City The New Nations of Latin America Spanish America and the Crisis of 1808 Spain and the Napoleonic Invasion Representative Government in Spain and America, The "American Question" Spanish American Grievances and the Crisis of 1808 Mexico Venezuela Argentina Spanish American Independence The Final Campaigns Regional Conflicts in the Spanish American Struggle for Independence The Independence of Brazil The Portuguese Monarchy in Brazil Popular Unrest in Brazil The Culmination of Brazilian Independence The Meaning of Independence How Historians Understand Were the wars of independence the turning point? Latin American Lives Manuela Sáenz, , liberator of South America Slice Of Life The 16th of September: independence day in Mexico Regionalism, War, and Reconstruction: Politics and Economics, Dilemmas of Nationhood Who Governs and What Form of Government? Federalism/Centralism and Liberalism/Conservatism The Challenge of Regionalism

7 Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, and Central America Brazil and Chile A Century of War Wars of Political Consolidation Intra-Regional Wars Foreign Wars Civil Wars The Impact of War Popular Participation Caudillos The Challenge of Economic Recovery Obstacles to Development Export Economies How Historians Understand Benito Juárez: The Making of a Myth Latin American Lives Francisco Solano López Slice Of Life The Parián Riot: Mexico City, 1828 Everyday Life in an Uncertain Age, The People The Large Estates: Haciendas, Estancias, Plantations, Fazendas Work Life Domestic Life Plantations and Slavery Villages and Small Holders Religion Urban Life and Societal Transformation The Cities Transformations Food, Clothing, Shelter, and Entertainment Food Clothing Shelter Entertainment How Historians Understand The Construction of Racism Latin American Lives The Gaucho Slice Of Life Urban Slaves Economic Modernization, Society, and Politics, Economic Modernization

8 Exports The Downside of Export-Led Modernization Railroads Modernization and Social Change Population Increase New Classes, New Voices Rural Discontent Mass Movements of People Politics in the Age of Modernization A Modernized Military The Rule of the Ranchers and Planters: Argentina and Brazil Democracy in Chile The Aristocratic Republic: Peru Dictatorship: Mexico Modernization and Resistance Indigenous Peoples Resistance in the Countryside The Mexican Revolution How Historians Understand Why Do People Rebel? Latin American Lives Evaristo Madero Slice Of Life A Chilean Mining Camp Between Revolutions: The New Politics of Class and the Economies of Import Substitution Industrialization, Three Crises and the Beginnings of Intensified Government Involvement in the Economy, The Aftermath of World War I The Great Depression World War II Peacetime Economies Dictators and Populists The 1920s Depression and War Peacetime Politics Failure of the Left and Right Women's Suffrage How Historians Understand Reconstructing the Semana Trágica (Tragic Week) in Argentine History Latin American Lives Elvia and Felipe Carrillo Puerto

9 Slice Of Life Colombian Coffee Farm in 1925 People and Progress, Socialization in the Factory and the Mine: Proletarianization and Patriarchy A Miner's Day at El Teniente Urbanization and Social Change The Cities Life on the Edge: The Middle Class La Chica Moderna Popular and High Culture How Historians Understand The Voice of the Lower Classes Latin American Lives Frida Kahlo Slice Of Life Village Life in Peru Revolution, Reaction, Democracy, and the New Global Economy, 1959 to the Present The Revolutions: Cuba, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia Cuba Nicaragua El Salvador Guatemala Peru Colombia The Tyrannies: Brazil, Argentina, and Chile Brazil Argentina Chile The Exception: Mexico Resurgent Democracy and the "Pink Tide" The Struggle for Control of Everyday Life Indigenous Political Movements The New Global Economy How Historians Understand Theories of Economic Development and History Latin American Lives An Argentine Military Officer Slice Of Life On the Streets of Neuvo Laredo Everyday Life: 1959 to the Present The Reign of Terror The Quality of Life What Does It Mean to Be Poor? Informal Economy

10 Narcotics Trade The Great Migrations The Cities To Be Poor in the Cities An Urban Migrant's Story The Environment Natural Disasters The Globalization of Culture Art How Historians Understand From the Countryside to the City Latin American Lives Women Rebels Slice Of Life The Barrio/Favela Glossary Credits Index Index Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.