Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere. Maya, Aztec, & Inca
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1 Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere Maya, Aztec, & Inca
2 THE MAYA The maximum extent of the Maya
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4 Maya - Location southern Mexico into northern Central America called the Yucatan Peninsula
5 Maya Climate Dense, steamy rain forests
6 Maya - Climate dense, steamy rain forests
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8 Maya Time Period C.E. Mayan people live past 900 BUT the civilization disappears
9 Maya Government independent city-states ruled by kings seen as god-king, established dynasties
10 Maya Key City Chichen Itza Ball Game: Ōllamaliztli
11 Ball Court
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15 Maya Economy 1. Agriculture maize, beans, squash 2. Trade salt, flint, feathers, shells, honey, cacao, jade ornaments, textiles
16 Mayan Products
17 Maya Religion Polytheistic many gods Pyramids dedicated to gods and famous rulers Worship included material offerings, bloodletting, human sacrifice Calendar 260 days, 20 months, 13 days each month 365 day solar calendar, different gods ruled different days Mathematics and astronomy concept of zero, calendar planning
18 Human Sacrifice to the Reptile God
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21 Maya Writing 800 glyphs (symbols), on barkpaper called codex
22 Maya Decline Mayan cities were deserted and records stopped being kept Possible Reasons: war and conflict between city states overuse of land famine environmental change
23 THE AZTEC An Aztec city
24 Aztec - Location Central Mexico Valley of Mexico, Modern day Mexico City
25 Aztec - Climate Hot, large shallow lakes, good resources, fertile soil
26 Aztec Time Period C.E.
27 Aztec Government Triple Alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan 38 provinces Emperor with absolute power loose control over empire with exception of tribute payments
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29 Triple Alliance
30 Aztec Key City Tenochtitlan is the capital Lake Texcoco
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34 Aztec Economy 1. Agriculture maize, cacao beans, cotton 2. Trading Network with Tenochtitlan as ultimate marketplace
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39 Aztec Religion 1. Polytheistic 2. Built temples and pyramids 3. 2 calendars 4. Human sacrifices to sun god Who did they sacrifice???
40 Human Sacrifice
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46 Aztec Writing No real mention writing system of pictures derived from earlier MesoAmerican cultures
47 Aztec Decline Montezuma II reign rebelling tribes Spanish Cortez conquered Aztecs in 1521
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49 THE INCA
50 Inca Location Andes Mountains of South America Southern Peru
51 Inca Climate Mountainous
52 Machu Picchu
53 Inca Time Period A.D.
54 Inca Government Believed that ruler was a descendent from the Sun god Sapa Inca had absolute power Nobility ruling families Bureaucracy used small groups to work for the common good Government built extensive road system
55 Government Organization 1. Sapa Inca 2. Supreme Council (4 Men) 3. Provincial Governors 4. Officials (army officers, priests, judges, and others from the Noble class) 5. Tax Collectors 6. Workers Most Incans were workers
56 miles long, crossing 15 distinct ecosystems; branching off the Inca Roads was another miles of road
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60 Inca Culture Each family was assigned a specific job Government officials arranged marriages Mandatory public service building projects No written language (Khipu) Language: Quechua Over two and a half million people still speak Quechua in Peru.
61 Inca Key City Cuzco = capital Machu Picchu mysterious religious center or royal resort
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63 Machu Picchu complex of palaces, plazas, temples and homes. Purpose?? No writing...
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66 Inca Economy 1. Run by the state regulated production of goods 2. Agriculture on terraced hillsides maize and quinoa (grain)
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72 Inca Religion 1. Polytheistic natural spirits of moons, stars, sun, thunder, etc. 2. Primary God Inti (Sun god) 3. Reincarnation 4. Two Calendars 5. Sacrifices (not human)
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74 Partner Discussion Question What might this be used for???
75 Inca Writing None, but had string/knot math/accounting system called quipu
76 Inca Decline Civil War between two sons of a king Francisco Pizarro took advantage of Civil War and smallpox
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79 How Did First People Get To America? Two Theories: Theory 1: Bering Land Bridge from Asia crossing over a land bridge between Alaska and Siberia Theory 2: Coastal Migration crossing seas, most likely the Pacific, and settling along the western coast of the Americas
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