Indigenous People and Community Culture Unit

Transcription

1 Indigenous People and Community Culture Unit Big Idea: Culture, Culture, everywhere from me to you, from here to there, from past to present, Culture, Culture, Culture! 1

2 Vocabulary - Culture: The characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors of a particular group of people. - Elements of Culture: characteristics that make up a culturelanguage, traditions, beliefs, customs, religion, arts, food,etc. -Custom: A practice followed by people of a particular culture. - Country: a state or nation (United States of America) - Continent: one of the seven main landmasses of the earth ARE YOU READY TO TRAVEL TO SOUTH AMERICA? Buckle up! Here We go!! 2

3 Did you Know? South America is the 4th largest continent. The equator crosses South America There are 12 independent countries plus one state in South America. French Guiana is a state belonging to France. Many animals and many native tribes live in the rainforest. Did you also know? The Amazon River is the 2nd largest world. The largest tropical rainforest in world is found in the Amazon River The longest mountain range on earth is South America. 3

4 Intro to Incas (Day 3) Today's Objectives: Content Objective: I will be able to learn about the Incas and share my knowledge with others. Language Objective: I will be able to become an expert about a part of the Inca culture and share my knowledge with others. During the 11th or 12th century, the Incas were a small group of people who lived in a valley of the Andes. These Indians were warlike and conquered other tribes in the valley. They united these tribes under one king and spoke a common language, Quechua. Their King was called "Inca" which meant "Children of the Sun". The city of Cuzco became the capital of the Inca Empire. 4

5 The empire covered the area of present-day Ecuador through Peru, and the region to Chile. Atahualpa By the early 1500's, the Inca King, Atahualpa, ruled over 6 million people! 5

6 They used guinea pigs for meat. They mined and smelted several metals: gold, silver, tin, and copper. Tin Copper Silver Gold The Inca's greatest accomplishments were organizing and governing their empire. They managed this by developing a 10,000 mile road system through desert and mountains! A chasqui (runner) carried information and articles between the cities. Special huts were set up every 2 miles where the runners were stationed. 6

7 Since there was no written language, records were kept by government officials with a counter called a quipu. The color, knot and certain twist of the yarn all related to important pieces of information. By "reading" them, the Lord Inca was able to determine numbers of llamas or men involved in a project, quantities of food available, days required to repair a bridge, which bridge, etc. A Chasqui had to memorize which knot string stood for which subject by color. He then ran as fast as he could to the next station where he would pass the quipus and information on to the next runner. Religion was important to the Incas. It was believed that the emperor's family was descended from the sun god, Inti. All other gods and goddesses represented something in nature. Their primary God was the creator, Viracocha Inti, the sun god They believed that the will of gods could be determined by "divination", or the reading of magic signs, such as flames of a fire, animal organs, or the movement of animals. No decision was made without divination, whether it was a government decision, or even just where to plant crops. 7

8 Their empire came to a swift end. In 1532, Francisco Pizarro and 180 of his men sailed from Panama and entered the land of the Inca in search of riches. According to an Inca legend, a fair, bearded man would come across the sea and be a great god. Pizarro fit this description and was able to trick and kill King Atahualpa. Without their leader the Incas were lost. A theory speculates that some Incas escaped to the mountain city known as Machu Picchu. This city went undiscovered by Pizarro's men and remained hidden until 1911 when Hiram Bingham made his spectacular find. Inca Social Structure (Day 4) Today's Objectives: Content Walk-Away: I will listen and learn about the social structure of the Inca government and be able to match the right person with his/her job with a partner. Language Walk-Away: I will listen and learn about the social structure of the Inca government. 8

9 The Incan Society was very structured. Every Inca citizen worked for the government. The common man worked as a farmer, labored in the mines, or had a trade. A government official's position was handed down to his son. The king was the ultimate head. Sapa Inca Coya (Wife) (Often sister of Tapa Inca) Nobles by birth Sapa Inca chooses his governing group called the "Council of Nobles" from this group. Nobles by privilege "Leaders or Chiefs" came from this group. They were military heroes. "Curacas" were in charge of 100 "Ayllus" (families) Governor Ayllu ("Family or tribe") Inca Civilization Priest responsible for carrying out religious ceremonies & taking care of temples. Used divination to make daily life decisions. Metal Worker Made jewelry, ornaments, and statues from gold and silver. Did not have to pay taxes Inca Woman: Required to weave a length of cloth in payment of taxes. Engineer: Designed elaborate irrigations systems on terraced hillsides Builder: constructed stone buildings. Farmer: Produced food for the empire Chief Priest: Brother of the Sapa Inca who oversaw the work of the priests in the empire Architect Designed buildings, palaces, and temples. Not required to pay taxes Weaver: Made beautiful textiles from cotton and wool. Didn't have to pay taxes Inca Man required to perform service in the army, on construction projects, or working in the mines 9

10 Inca Art (Day 5) Content Objective: I will listen and learn about the art of the Incas. Language Objective: I will listen and learn about the art of the Incas and create and Inca artifact. Vocabulary -Artifact: An object made by human craft, especially a tool or weapon of historical interest. The Incas were very skilled and were well-known for their art. The Inca people were skilled craftsmen, they made jewelry, masks, pottery, tapestries, musical instruments, baskets, and other crafts. 10

11 Metal Work Their metalwork was made of gold, silver, copper and other precious metals Inca Weaving The Incas were experts at weaving. From ceremonies to showing one s social status in society, clothing was a very important part of Inca culture. The women were expected to weave for their families needs. Llama or alpaca wool was commonly used to weave cloth. Colored dyes were made from the juice of flowers and fruits or extracted from insects. Most of the Inca clothing was decorated with colorful motifs, shapes, and geometric objects. 11

12 Now it's your turn to create an Inca artifact! Music & Dance Dance was strictly restricted to feasts, rituals, and festivals only. Dancing was closely related to the gods, and people usually danced during festivals to please their gods. An important musical festival celebrated by the Incas was the Feast for the Dead. The Incas worshipped the dead where they celebrated all day through music and dance. They celebrated all day, as people danced to the beat of a pelt-covered drum played by a priest. Dance was considered an essential element of religious After a long period of time of working hard the Incas would celebrate with festivals of music. Since string instruments were unknown to the Incas, they mostly played wind and percussion ceremonies instruments.. When the Spaniards arrived, they introduced new string instruments such as the guitar, violin, and harp. Since then, guitars are very commonly used by Inca musicians. In general, Inca music has undergone many changes. Nevertheless, music remains to be an important part in Inca culture. 12

13 Review (Day 6) Content Walk-Away (SIOP: content objective): I will be able to do a Quiz, Quiz Trade with my classmates. Language Walk-Away(SIOP: language objective): I will be able to do a Quiz, Qu Trade with my classmates. Live in South America Which animals do YOU think belong in South America? Do not live in South America Shark Cat Guanaco Elephant Lion Iguana Tapir Rhea Jaguar Kangaroo Llama Piranha Toucan Anteater Sloth Macaw Turtle Boa manatee 13