Chapter 1 -Pangaea. Chapter 2 -Pangea. Richter Scale

Transcription

1 Slide 1 Slide 2 Chapter 1 -Pangaea The world was all one continent called Pangaea Pangaea broke a part and spread into today s continents Continents are still drifting today Utah has over 1,500 earthquakes a year! Chapter 2 -Pangea Slide 3 Richter Scale Richter Scale = a scale for measuring the intensity of an earthquake Description Earthquake effects Frequency of occurrence Less than 2.0 Micro Micro earthquakes, not felt. About 8,000 per day Very Minor Generally not felt, but recorded. About 1,000 per day Minor Often felt, but rarely causes damage. 49,000 per year (est.) Light Noticeable shaking of indoor items, rattling noises. Significant damage unlikely Magnitude Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. At most slight damage to well-designed buildings Strong Can be destructive in areas up to about 160 kilometers (100 mi) across in populated areas. 6,200 per year (est.) 800 per year 120 per year Major Can cause serious damage over larger areas. 18 per year Extensive Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred kilometers across Great Devastating in areas several thousand kilometers across Massive Never recorded, widespread devastation across very large areas; see below for equivalent seismic energy yield. 1 per year 1 per 20 years Extremely rare (Unknown) Slide 4 Chapter 2 Land Bridge World had many hot spells & ice ages Trilobites Dinosaurs Theory that a meteor hit the earth Clams & shells found on top of mountains Carbon Dating = determining age by carbon 14 Lake Bonneville During the last ice age, Early hunters & gathers traveled over the Land Bridge looking for food

2 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Chapter 2 -Olmecs The Olmec were an early American civilization in Central America Civilization is a settled society with rules & government Costa Maya had Olmec & Mayans Belize Belize

3 Slide 9 Chapter 2 -Mayans Early American Civilization in Guatemala It was a Theocracy (a government ruled by religious leaders) Tikal Slide 10 Chapter 2 -Mayans Became a very scientific advanced society -Mayan Calendar -Brain operations -Astronomy -could predict eclipses -Mathematics -Concept of Zero It was mostly destroyed by civil war or drought Civil War is a war among citizens in the same country Slide 11 Settled around Mexico City by Lake Texcoco (tay skoh koh) in 1300 A.D. Built a system of raised roads across water called causeways going to the capital Tenochtitlan (tay noch tee tlahn) Slide 12 Had a very big & complex open market with over 60,000 people which helped city grow Free Enterprise Private industry with minimal government influence They had a belief that their Gods were very angry Needed human sacrifice to make them happy

4 Slide 13 They became a very powerful empire An empire is a nation that controls other nations They sacrificed the conquered people to their gods Made many of their enemies very mad! They had a belief in a god called Quetzalcoatl Slide 14 White Serpent God He left the people but promised to return Hernando Cortez came during the Quetzalcoatl celebration Slide 15 Signs of Cortez being Quetzalcoatl White Shiny Light hair & Bearded Came on a big ship Magic Stick (gun) Many people died Rode a horse never before seen Commanded many men Quetzalcoatl promised to return Cortez came during his celebration Slide 16 Montezuma invited Cortes into the capital Hernando was a conquistador Means conqueror Cortez demanded all the gold and jewels he could get which made Spain very rich! European diseases get everyone sick almost caused a genocide Elimination of a whole group Spain made a very big navy with its wealth to defend its empire called the Spanish Armada Armada is a fleet of warships Armada defeated by Britain on August 8, 1588 Many ships sunk by a bad storm Spain weighed anchor & Britain sent ships on fire into the fleet After this Spain was no longer a power

5 Slide 17 Slide 18 Chapter 2 -Incas Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru Very long coastline empire high in the mountains Capital was Cuzco Emperor was considered a God To manage the empire, they had 10,000 miles of roads Built terraces = level area in the mountain (like steps) Slide 19 Slide 20 Chapter 2 Incas Macchu Picchu (holy city) Also known as the Lost City Chapter 2 -Incas Conquered by Francisco Pizzaro Incas were already in a Civil War Spread the flu & smallpox Created the city of Lima current capital

6 Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Chapter 2 Anasazis Utah had 2 prehistoric groups Anasazi Indians South Adobe homes dirt & clay baked into bricks Spanish called them Pueblos Fremont Indians North Eastern America Mound Builders Chapter 2 -Religions Largest World Religions & their followers 1. Christianity/Christians -2 Billion 2. Islam/Muslims -1.2 Billion 3. Hinduism/Hindus -785 Million 4. Buddhism/Buddhists -360 Million 5. Judaism/Jews -17 Million Chapter 2 -Religions Sect A subgroup of the religion For example: Catholic, Mormon, Baptist, etc. Sects can exist in all religious groups 1. Christians Follower of Jesus Christ Use the Bible (old & new testament) Two types of Christian Catholic Roman Catholic or Greek Orthodox Protestant (to Protest) Protestants came from the Protestant Reformation Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, Mormon, etc. Chapter 2 -Religions 2. Islam Follower of Allah Use the Qur an Believe in the 5 Pillars (5 practices) Allah is God and Muhammad is his messenger Pray 5 times a day toward Mecca Give charity to the poor Fast during Ramadan Do Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) Mosque=Temple