Mayan Teotihuacan Zapotec Moche Chavin Wari 500 BCE~ 900 CE

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1 Zapotec Chavin Wari dates when group dominant AD 600 B.C.~ 200 B.C. 500 BCE~ 900 CE 100 AD~ 800 AD y emrged at 900 BC through 200 BC. 600 AD ~ 1100 AD structure Maya never united as a single empire. re many states centralized governme nt military leader. states connected by trade, alliances obligatory tributes. re s nothing much known about empire s politics, y are just assuming At beginning 2nd century at latest when overall urban planning realized in hs an individual leader. seat government most likely at different places: monumental Xalla, Pyramid Sun y a King that ruled would receive throne regardless birth right but presented mselves as an acceptablep rince. Statehood important to unification Zapotec Governmen t. Warrior priests lords top tier classes society. y right for a throne only few m right to control thousan ds commo ners. also Royal Courts. ir structure Chavin is that ir governme nt is based on. ir capital is Huantar, is between trade routes. y also priests, administrat ors traders who monetary freedom. y ruling elite, minor ficials, artisans in charge. Also, administrat ive centers took care vast resources. Wari Empire s center part cities plazas, makes comfortabl e for citizens who are top tiers. But n se plazas are surrounde d by residential blocks that is separated by streets intervening.

2 core beliefs developed ir own sophisticat ed. s believed in nature gods (like sun or forest) valued astronomy astrology. re many rituals included human sacfriface. Teotihuaca n means "city where gods born," y believe that gods created universe at this place. ir main deities Bat god, Beydo, Cocijo, Pitao, Cozobi, Copijcha, Coquebila, Huechanna, Kedo, Ndan Pixee Pecala, Coqui Xee individual cities ten ir own patron deities. Offerings, prayers sacrifices fered to se deities in hope ir favourable intervention in human affairs based around Moon. y praised Moon believe d that Moon is helping m becaus e it lights up sky when light is need, unlike sun, gloats light when it is unnece ssary. ir belief that ir primary deity is animal snakes hair long fangs. This animal is represente d as to balance out opposing energies like bad good. y also an large temple to hold ceremony. Nowdays, it is proven that Wari adapted controlled Pachacam ac. This Pachacam ac attracted all believers in Peru, also thi place is important at coastal region. main agricultural practices Corn, beans, bananas, cacao, chile, maguey cotton. s ls a fertile soil abundant amount water, made ideal for farming. ity Zapotec in all regions are peasant farmers, practicing a mixture subsistence Corn, potatoe s, beans. change d flows rivers in y are used to domesticat e llamas, or sell m. y are also very skilled at Intensive based on terracing steep mountain slopes probably

3 Corn, grain, cactus beans farmed, because y easy to grow, cultivate store. cash some animal husbry. primary subsistence crops are maize, beans, squashes; various or crops are grown, depending on climate, availability irrigation sources, soil conditions. order to create channel s to enhanc e agricult ure. techniques y used on. y also grew crops like maizes. first used by central highl ancestors Wari (Huarpa culture). trade networks traded in ir states. y didn t have any currency or a stable price for items. prices items varied in different cities. y used food, cloth, basic pottery, tools as a substitutio n for money. traded. Through trade y received materials that unavailable in ir ls. Oaxaca is known for its highly developed market system, Zapotee are renowned for ir commercial activities. Since pre Hispani c times, Zapotee have maintained trade routes through much Oaxaca. Products maintai ned an elabora te trading network. traded Amazo n basin. trade networks Chavin is that it is near Huantar, is route that traders use it for years. trade route that is in Huantar set up elaborate trade networks, y y connected into a trading network across Andes, in figurines, ceramic vessels, textiles metal objects made in Wari traded out.

4 carried by tumpline, a device that is still used by farmers to transport such loads as firewood. build ornate style art. strength Powerful, complex ir own writing system. Most important largest city pre Aztec central Mexico, about 30 milesnor ast modern Mexico Cit y. Population estimated at 125, ,000 Zapotecs strengths is y are good expressing re feeling in to art work y are good creating re own clos. Also y are more civilized toger. So that is some re strengths weaknesse s. experts smithin g, weavin g pottery. y extrem ely good at managi ng water hrough building canals. ir strength in order to become a greater empire is trade llamas or camelids. Or Chavin de Huantar that made m more a greater empire. ir strength mainly agrucultur e. weakness (cause decline) Over popu lation ( grew into social unrest, revolutions warring states) y too realigious not trade well empire to prevent wars. zapotecs weakness anor mighty group, Mixtecs, for control over ir vast ls. reason for didn t have a proper commu nication system. decline Chavin empire is that y overpopul ated, so ir rate trading got more less Environme ntal change internal socio politi cal stresses

5 its decline is yet to be discovered. frequently. This created more chaos to. overlydom esticated made m fall.