DROUGHT AND SCARCITY PLANS IN THE BRAVO RIVER BASIN

Transcription

1 DROUGHT AND SCARCITY PLANS IN THE BRAVO RIVER BASIN Sergio Soto-Priante Deputy Director General Sub Direction of Hydraulic Infrastructure for Agriculture National Water Commission (Mexico) February

2 Introduction Bravo River Basin (Mexican Side) Estados Unidos de América Presa Luis L León R í o C o n c h o s Presa La Amistad R í o B r a v o Presa Francisco I Madero Presa La Boquilla Presa Venustiano Carranza R í o S a l a d o Presa San Gabriel Presa Marte R Gómez Río San Juan Presa Falcón Presa El Cuchillo 2

3 Diagram of the Bravo River Basin Fuerte Quitman Presa Fco. I. Madero ( Las Vírgenes ) Presa Luis L. León ( El Granero ) Río Conchos Río San Pedro Presa Internacional La Amistad Río Florido Arroyo Las Vacas Presa Centenario Río San Diego Río Bravo Presa San Miguel Presa La Fragua Río San Rodrigo Río Escondido Presa Internacional Falcón Río Salado Río Álamo Presa Venustiano Carranza Presa Las Blancas Río San Juan Presa Marte R. Gómez Presa El Cuchillo Golfo de México Presa La Boquilla Presa San Gabriel Corrientes Presas de almacenamiento

4 Main data of the basin Bravo River Basin (Mexican Side) Length* (km): 2,019 DR 009 Area (km 2 ): 309,441 DR 090 Average annual rainfall (mm): 414 DR 006 Number of tributaries **: 21 DR 005 Gauged affluents: 6 DR 103 DR 050 DR 004 DR 026 DR 025 Number of Dams: 16 Number of Irrigation Dams: 11 International Dams: 2 * Length of the river as border with the U.S.A. ** Includes the rivers Álamos and San Juan Irrigated Surface : Concessionated Volume (PC): Volume To be Extracted: 370,797 ha 2,576.1 Mm³ 3,202.0 Mm³ 4

5 Objectives of the Drought Plan Reduce demand and increase the water offer, in order to balance the basin Increase: production; land and earth productivity; regional employment; income of the agriculture water users. Achieve sustainability and balance between agriculture water use and urban consumtion. 5

6 Definition and Caracteristics of Droughts Definition: When the gross* surface runoff, measured in a five year period, in the six Mexican gauged tributaries to the Bravo River is less than: Characteristics: 5 x 3,388 = 16,940 Mm 3. Type Limit (Mm 3 ) Light 16,940 Ordinary 16, Severe 14, Extraordinary 11, * Table 1 Technical report on the Water International Treaty. Adolfo Orive Alba,

7 Guidelines to reduce water demand 1. Modernization of the water distribution network. 2. Real time irrigation forecast. 3. Technification of the irrigation systems. 4. Better sow and harvest practices (irrigation by alternated furrows). 5. Introduction of low water demand crops. 6. Separation of low productive lands and new urban lands. 7. Rain harvest. 8. Healthy dam administration: Extractions equal the sustainable water volume. 7

8 Guidelines to increase water offer 1. Review of subterranean water resources. 2. Exchange of treated waste water for fresh surface water. 3. Make the most of under utilized spring water. 4. Integrated Basin Management. 8

9 Results from the Upper Bravo River Basin ( Conchos River Basin ) Irrigation District Investments (MDP) Saved Volume (Mm3) Productivity (kg/m 3 ) Increase (%) 005 Delicias, Chihuahua 1, Bajo Río Conchos, Chihuahua Río Florido, Chihuahua Suma 1,605.0 * Bravo River Basin (Mexican Side) DR 009 DR 090 DR 006 DR 005 DR 103 DR 050 DR 004 DR 026 DR 025 * Dollars = million aprox. 9

10 Conclusions: 1. Balance and sustainability is possible. 2. To tackle the Climate Change effects is very convenient to introduce a change culture among interested parties. 3. Negotiation with farmers on a win-win basis. 4. Confidence can be built after the first results (Authority has to make the first move). 10

11 Conclusions 5. Water savings and productivity increases are in direct relation to the amounts invested. 6. Experience can be utilized in other Mexican basins with drought and/or threatened by the effects of Climate Change. 7. External impact evaluation is mandatory. 11

12 DROUGHT AND SCARCITY PLANS IN THE BRAVO RIVER BASIN Sergio Soto-Priante Deputy Director General Sub Direction of Hydraulic Infrastructure for Agriculture National Water Commission (Mexico) February

13 Modernize of the water distribution network Sheathing full size (Q 3.0 m 3 /s) or in little declivity drains Tubing small size (Q < 3.0 m 3 /s) or high declivity drains Extraction, Measurement and Control structures 13

14 Time irrigation forecast Automatic Meteorological Stations Daily measurement of soil s humidity level Definition of humidity level of critical soils in every phenological stage Date and irrigation sheet specification 14

15 Technification of the irrigation systems. Land leveling Outline and design of gravity irrigation: Direction Length Slope Irrigation plate Soil s hydrodynamic profile Irrigation interval and consumption Siphon or multiple floodgate irrigation. 15

16 Better sow and harvest practices (irrigation for alternated furrows). Crops Corn and y Sorghum Corn y Sorghum Cotton Wheat Irrigation Districts 026, Lower Bravo River, Tamaulipas 025, Lower Bravo River, Tamaulipas 005, Upper Bravo River, Chihuahua 004, Don Martín, Coahuila and Nuevo León 16

17 Introduction of low water demand crops Sorghum grain ( fodder ) Sweet sorghum Beet root ( sugar beet) (ethanol) Jatropha curcas (Bio diesel ) 17

18 Separation of low productive lands and new urban lands PADUA (Water Rights Acquisition Program) Economical Support ($2.00/m 3 of water) in exchange for their irrigation rights Diminished grant in the same supported water volume Dissolution of lands altering their original purpose National Water Law enforcement to: Dissolution of lands alterating their original purposes Diminish grants accordingly with the canceled volume 18

19 Rain harvest Rainy season: Start (July-August) End (September-December) Deep fallow Dragging with Slates Elimination of Pre-sowing irrigation 19

20 Healthy dam administration Maximum dam extraction equal to sustainable water volume Extraction of sustainable volume during rainy years in order to: Water storage before drought seasons Controlled dams overflow to meet downstream obligations 20

21 Review of subterranean water resources Deep wells in Irrigation Districts: High pressure irrigation systems Controlled Agriculture Productive conversion: Vegetables Citric Exchange rate of 10 to 1 in controlled agriculture (greenhouses) and of 3 to 1 in trickle irrigation 21

22 Exchange of treated waste water for fresh surface water Reynosa, Río Bravo, Matamoros, Valle Hermoso, Miguel Alemán, Camargo and Diaz Ordaz. Pumping Plants: Low pressure irrigations systems Exchange rate 1 to 1 Exchange with Power Generation Plants (1 to 1 ) 22

23 Make the most of under utilized spring water Matamoros, Valle Hermoso and rural communities 70 Mm 3. Reynosa, Río Bravo, Diaz Ordaz, 100 Mm 3. Total Urban Public use in the lower Bravo River 170 Mm 3. Water supply line from La Cascada Springs to the lower Bravo River Region: 2.3 m 3 /s = Savings of 72.5 Mm 3 per year 23

24 Integrated Basin Management Controlled Dam extractions in the Conchos and Salado Rivers, restrictions to international dams seeking basin balance Water exchange between the San Juan River (urban water) and the Bravo River (pumping plant) Dam operation regulations and balanced water distribution 24