Dawood Public School Course outline History Class V

Transcription

1 Book: Dawood Public School Course outline History Class V Moss, Peter. Oxford History for Pakistan, Book 1. Ed: 2010, OUP Introduction: History is about great changes of the past and how they affected the lives of the people and why these events are important today. Students will learn about events, civilizations, dates, monarchs and battles which will give them an understanding of the past. Contents Learning Outcome Activity The students will be explained: Meaning civilization is the culture and the way of life of people during a particular period of time in a particular part of the world Minoans civilization is the first civilization in Europe which began on the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea. Building and palaces were all without fortifications, and people seemed to be rich, peaceful and happy Minoans were skilled people and traded all around the Mediterranean coast The civilization ended when a volcano erupted Mycenaean were Arian tribes who moved to Southern Greece and named themselves after their chief city, Mycenae The city of Troy and Mycenae were rivals in trade. The reason for the war between Trojans and Mycenaean was Helen. She was kidnapped by a Trojan noble Students will draw the map in their Minoans and Mycenaean Homer was a Greek poet who wrote the epic The Trojan War journals and chalk out the main Dorian were another race of people who came after Mycenaean Mycenaean cities and colonies For almost 600 years, little is known of the Greek history. Later, different Greek races joint together to create the Golden Age of Greece which produced the greatest civilization of history Meanings of difficult words to learn: Besieged To surround with armed forces for the purpose of compelling to surrender Fortification To defend a place against an enemy Slaughter An act of killing Q. List down the differences between Minoans and Mycenaeans. Q. Write, briefly about the famous Trojan War.

2 Greek City States Greek Religion and Government The students will be explained: Greek cities were developed near the seas They were later separated into city states Some cities were ruled by kings, some by nobles and some by the people themselves. There were 150 city states in Greece Important cities were Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, and Argos When cities became overcrowded, colonies were formed around the Mediterranean coast People in the colonies made new towns and spread Greek customs and ideas across the world Athens and Sparta were the most important cities Greek was the common language ATHENS: Athens was a city of beautiful buildings People loved art, literature and science Slaves had no legal rights although they were treated well City had small army The navy guarded the city Women were rarely allowed to go out except for religious ceremonies The government was democracy with all free men entitled to share in its government SPARTA: Sparta was ruled by a dictator Life was harsh in Sparta Houses and everything inside them belonged to the State Coins were made of iron At meal times, men were made to eat in public squares Spartans were preoccupied with war, free men were not allowed to become traders and craftsmen Freemen spent their whole lives in army camps from the age of seven till fifty. At the age of 7, boys were sent to army camps for hard and cruel training As teenagers, the freemen hunted and killed slaves for practice Meanings of difficult words to learn: Democracy Government by the people; rule of the majority Dictatorship A form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a small clique Q. How many city states were in Greece? Q. Why towns became separate city states? The students will be explained: Greeks had many Gods who lived on Mount Olympus The gods were among the people but had immense power Greeks prayed and sacrificed to appropriate God when they wanted something Role play session will be planned. Students will come in different costumes related to Greece customs. Students will collect pictures of Greek Gods and Goddesses and will paste them in their journals

3 The King God was Zeus and the Queen Goddess was Hera. Other Gods were for many other aspects of lifeseagodposeidon; Sun God, Apollo; War God, Ares; Underworld God, Hades Half Gods were whose parents were gods and other humans were spirits in trees, rivers and lakes Ceremonies and sacrifices took place outside the temples Greeks had a belief of life-after-death When Greeks were buried, a small coin was placed under their tongue ATHENS Elected Elected Five judges to run the city Council of 50 to see laws were carried out. New Council every five weeks SPARTA Two Kings Hereditary to lead the army Assembly of free men over 30 years old Elected Five judges to run the city Council of 50 to see laws were carried out. New Council every five weeks Rome and its Empire Q. Write the names of Greek Gods and Goddesses? Q. Compare between the governments of Athens and Sparta? The students will be explained: Romans believe that their city was founded by twin brothers Romulus and Remus Movie will be shown to the students

4 The twin brothers were thrown into the river by their wicked uncle but were saved by a she-wolf and later, they were brought up by a shepherd In a quarrel, Romulus killed his brother and founded a city named Rome Soon, the towns prospered In the beginning, Rome was ruled by Kings but gradually they became very cruel and soon they were driven out Then, Rome became a Republic After 510 BCE, population increased and small towns expanded into large cities Army conquered all the areas around the empire Three Punic wars were fought and Romans completely defeated Carthage Before Carthage controlled North Africa, Spain and Mediterranean Island Because Greeks helped Carthaginians, they were attacked by Romans and were easily defeated. Roman Empire expanded northwards and eastwards Frontiers were fixed and inside the boundaries, there was generally peace Army kept law and order, trade grew Latin was spoken throughout the country and Roman ideas and customs spread throughout the world Roman architecture spread from Africa to North of Britain This empire lasted for 400 years and people thought it would go forever Meanings of difficult words to learn: Quarrel A ground of dispute or complaint Republic A democratic form of government Q. Write the story of Romulus and Remus briefly. Q. Who was Hannibal? Q. How many Punic wars were fought between Romans and Carthaginians?

5 Government and Religion in Rome The students will be explained: Republican System of government emerged in Rome Every year, free men elected two magistrates called the Consuls. They were in-charge of city and the empire Senate was helped by council of three hundred members Censors were high officials. Their job was to supervise five yearly census Magistrates were most important who looked after law, taxes and foreign affairs Junior magistrates were in-charge of police, firemen, market streets, and water supplies Free people of Rome were divided into three classes: Patricians, Knights and Plebeians Patricians were nobles and they belonged to old wealthy families Plebeians could be anything from beggars to rich merchants Knights were rich people who had all the privileges but were not Patricians SLAVES: The bottom class structure was of the slaves Slaves had few rights and were bound to their masters Some slaves were well-treated and were employed as teachers, architects and doctors. They could buy their freedom with their savings A good master, sometimes, made a will of setting his slave free at the time of his death ROME AS AN EMPIRE: Julius Caesar had been made a dictator for life, but soon he was murdered and his son and adopted son, Octavius were made rulers after civil war Senate awarded the Octavius with the title of Augustus and was then made the emperor Rome remained an empire until it collapsed in CE 476. ROMAN RELIGION: Romans had the same Gods as the Greeks but gave them different names King God Jupitor; Queen Goddess Juna; Creek Goddess Artemis known as Diana; Poseidon as Neptune People were not concerned with Gods except when they wanted to know something e.g. about future or travelling Roman authorities did not mind which gods they worship as long as they did not rebel Nero persecuted few new religions especially Christianity In the 4 th century CE, Christianity became the State Religion and all the others were banned Q. Explain the government system in ancient Rome. Q. Why was Julius Caesar murdered? Q. State the role of Roman religion?

6 Fall of the Roman Empire The students will be explained: People living at that time believed that Rome and its empire would last forever But in 250 CE, Roman Empire was beginning to weaken Roman citizens became lazy and wanted little except luxuries and an easy life In the power struggle, emperors came and went quickly and were usually murdered Few soldiers joined the army, Barbarian soldiers were hired. They were interested only in the pay, not in fighting Provinces kept breaking trying to become independent under a general Two emperors one for east and one for west Barbarian tribes, Huns from Central Asia settled near the empire and then invaded it In the last period of Rome, few strong emperors, Constantine the Great, was the emperor of both the east and the west. He made a new city and named it after himself, Constantinople (now Istanbul) Constantine drove out the Barbarians and Christianity was made the state religion After Constantine, the breakup of Roman Empire continued and the empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts Barbarian tribes Goths, Huns, Saxons, Vissigoths, Vandals poured into the empire and captured the western part of Rome After the fall of Rome, it went into what we call the dark ages because the Barbarian tribes made kingdoms all over the empire The Christian monasteries were often attacked for treasures and monks were killed After few centuries, life became peaceful and monks started a new kind of civilization Meanings of difficult words to learn: Monk Religious community of men inhabiting a monastery Barbarian A man in a savage or uncivilized state Rebellion Opposition to one in authority or dominance Q. Describe the fall of Roman Empire. Q. Who was Constantine? Q. Why were monasteries attacked?

7 DAWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL COURSE OUTLINE GEOGRAPHY Book: Liew, Jeanne. International Geography, Book 2. Ed: Marshall Cavendish. Geography: In this subject the students learn to appreciate the physical world by acquiring a basic knowledge of geographical concepts. Using peer projects, research assignments, activities and field trips, the students will build an understanding of the physical world and related contemporary issues like the importance of maintaining a sustainable environment. SEPTEMBER: Contents Learning outcomes Activity CHAPTER 1 Internal Structure of the Earth Pages: The students will understand the concepts of The interior of the earth Scientist gained a good understanding after they studied earthquakes more closely. The interior of the Earth can be divided into three distinct layers The distinct layers differ in their composition and characteristics Crust is the outer most layer of the earth; it is rigid and broken into pieces called plates. Two types of plates the continental and the oceanic plate. Mantle is beneath the crust and is not completely solid; instead it consists of semi solid rocks. Core is subdivided into outer and inner core. Outer core is made up of dense liquid, whereas inner core is completely solid A slideshow presentation on the earth s structure will be screened for the students.

8 Sample question: 1. Describe the characteristics of the three distinct layers of the earth. 2. Draw the diagram of the earth showing the formation of convection currents in the mantle. October CHAPTER 2 PAGE # 6 Contents Learning Outcomes Activity The movement of the earth. The earth is spinning constantly this can be observed by the position of the sun. Earth rotates around an axis,it is an imaginary line that runs through the centre of the earth The earth rotates west to east,therefore it takes 24 hours to complete one rotation The result of rotation is day and night. Earth is the only planet which supports life. Revolution causes seasons,places that are located further away from the equator experience four seasons, whereas places near The equator does not have any distinct seasons. The differences in the seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth and its revolution. The earth is divided into two hemispheres When one hemisphere leans more towards the sun it gets direct sunlight, while the other hemisphere receives less sunlight. Places near the equator are hot throughout the year, because of the intensity of heat. Places further away from the equator have low temperatures and distinct seasons. On 21 st June the North Pole leans towards the sun we have summer solstice. When places near the equator have equal length of day and night it is termed as equinox. On 23 rd September the earth reaches a place in its orbit where neither the north nor South Pole leans towards the sun, this day is autumnal equinox, both the hemispheres receive equal amount of sunlight. Around 21 st march is the vernal equinox, both the hemispheres receive equal amount The Earth s Movement Slideshow will be shown to the students. Activity given on Page #13 of the course book will be conducted in class.

9 of sunlight, neither hemisphere is leaning towards the sun. INTERESTING FACTS: The midnight Sun is the natural phenomenon. It means that the sun never sets in the summer months, the weather is fair, and you can see the sun for 24 hours. Define the following terminologies: 1. Rotation 2. Revolution 3. Solstice 4. Equinox JANAUARY: Content Chapter# 04 Water Resources Learning Outcomes 70% of our Earth is covered by water. Earth is also known as Blue Planet Although 70% of our Earth is covered by water but still water is treated something precious, because the seas and oceans hold salt water that cannot be consumed for drinking and agriculture. Factors which is affecting the water supply. Precipitation is any form of water in liquid or solid form falling from the sky which includes rain, sleet snow or hail. Climate change has a significant impact on water resources. Pollution is another factor which is affecting our water supply; pollution reduces the supply of clean fresh water. Air pollution leads to contaminated rain water such as acid rain. Change in the use of land. When forest cover is cleared, the rain water runs rapidly into the rivers and increases the water level resulting in floods. Evapotranspiration This is another factor affecting the water resources, in this process Research assignment on the important dams of Pakistan.

10 trees release water in to the atmosphere. Desertification This occurs due to the changes of land use. A farm land is used for housing development. Reasons for rising demand for water. Increase in population,( about six billion people) and the water supply is limited. Agriculture, more people to feed more land to be farmed so water is essential for agriculture. Industrialization, growth of industries began with the industrial revolution so water is needed in industries for multi purposes. Ensuring water supply, water catchment areas are where all the water sediments and dissolved minerals drain into a common outlet. Desalination Salt is removed from water through distillation process. Reclaiming water Impurities of water are removed through a treatment process. Water conservation Conservation of water means careful use of water to ensure that the wastage of water is kept to minimum. Education Through education countries have tried to bring the message of importance of water in the schools by adding it in their curriculum. Technology Water saving devices and gadgets in household and industries has helped to save water. Q) Define the following terminologies Precipitation

11 Evapotranspiration Desertification Q) Explain the factors that affect the supply of water. Q) What are the reasons for the rising demand for water? FEBRUARY: Contents Learning outcomes Activity Transportation means moving of people and goods from one place to another. It helps to connect regions and people in different parts of the world for various reasons. Development of transport has played an important role in the rise of civilization. There are various modes of transportation: Road; before the industrial revolution land transport was limited to harnessing animals and an exchange of goods was done locally. Over long distances refrigeration trucks can transport perishable goods Trucks and cars are easy to reach in the remote areas. Rail: Like other automobiles trains are more widely used. Rail transport has played a major role in the economic Chapter#09 Page # 91_ 103 Transport and Communication Students will write about their experiences of travelling by various modes of transport.

12 development of many countries. Over long distances trains have the advantage of moving goods and people at the same time. Sea: This mode of transport has been the dominant force that fuels global trade. Sea transport is easier and cheaper to move things and people than through rugged terrain. Air: Air transport is mainly linked to tertiary sector. Accessibility : Accessibility refers to how easy it is to reach a place. Technological advancements have made many remote places accessible through small planes and helicopters. Connectivity: Connectivity refers to how well linked or connected a place is to other places. Places can be linked to other places by air, land, sea or telecommunication networks. Well-connected place is more accessible in terms of exchanges of ideas, goods and culture. Communication: This refers to transmitting and receiving of ideas through information and messages. Reading newspaper and magazine is termed as one way of communication whereas when communication that involves another party it is termed as interactive

13 communication. Shrinking World and Globalization: Messages sent to each other are delivered and received instantaneously via internet. Greater accessibility and connectivity has resulted in a world that is very much interconnected. This is termed as globalization. 1. Explain the evolution of various modes of land, air and sea transport. 2. Explain the concepts of accessibility, connectivity and globalization. MARCH: Contents Learning outcomes Activities Chapter # 08 Page # Pollution Pollution is the induction of harmful substances into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and our environment. Pollution can be caused either by natural source or human activities. There are 3 types of pollution land, water and air. Land Pollution: Land pollution is caused when garbage is disposed of indiscriminately in open dumps, drains and along roadsides. Water Pollution: Contaminated water supply in lakes, rivers and seas is unfavorable for human use and harmful to aquatic life. Air Pollution: Air pollution is caused by dust, ash or harmful gases. Mining Activities: On mining sites land pollution occurs when the waste material are left behind after the valuable minerals are extracted. Farming Activities: Farmers use chemical fertilizers to improve Students will make recycled products.

14 the growth of crops. All these chemicals pollute the land when they are washed in the soil. Salinization: Salinization is also a type of land pollution in which the salt content is raised in the soil. Eutrophication: In this process plants die because of the oxygen level in the water drops. Soil Erosion: Occurs when the soil is exposed to rain and water as a consequence it is washed and carried away. Oil Pollution: Leakage of oily waste and offshore operations drilling and extraction of oil at the sea is also a source of pollution. Air pollution can result from natural causes such as volcanic eruption, forest fires, wind erosion. Increasing industries in developed countries is the main cause of air pollution. Increasing number of cars and motor vehicles also major contributor the air pollution. Chlorofluorocarbon Spray cans, leaking refrigerators, air conditioning equipment and burning plastic products release CFC in the atmosphere. Consequences of Pollution Pollution affects over a billion of people. Millions are poisoned and killed each year in the developing countries. Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is resulting in global warming and climatic phenomenon such as droughts, floods and extreme weather conditions. Measures taken to Reduce Pollution Individually all of us can adopt the 3R principle reduce, reuse and recycle. National: Countries can introduce laws to control the pollution level. Internationally: Countries all around the world should come together to discuss measures that can help to reduce pollution.

15 1. State what pollution is? 2. Examine the causes and consequences of Air, Water and Land Pollution. 3. Describe the measures taken to reduce pollution.