Time Series Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Landsat-TM and MODIS Data
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1 United States Department of Agriculture Time Series Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Landsat-TM and MODIS Data Agricultural Research Service SOIL & WATER MANGEMENT RESEARCH George Paul Prasanna Gowda Xiangming Xiao Jeff Basara Jean Steiner
2 Project Objective Developing time series evapotranspiration (ET) maps using Landsat-TM and Terra-MODIS satellite data SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 2
3 Landsat-based ET Maps Two selected locations High resolution ET maps (30 m spatial resolution) Two source model (Norman et al., 1995) Period: Data used 16-day coverage Products: Surface temperature Evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration (daily time-step) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 3
4 Landsat-Based ET maps Intensive field experiment locations Landsat scenes used SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 4
5 MODIS-based ET Maps Study area SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 5
6 MODIS-based ET Maps Medium resolution ET maps (250 m) Surface Energy Balance System (Su, 2002) Period: Data used: Daily coverage Products: Surface temperature (daily time series) Evapotranspiration (daily time series) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 6
7 Energy Balance Equation ET is calculated as a residual of the energy balance equation ET ET = R n - G - H H (Heat to air) R n (Radiation from sun and sky) Basic Truth: ET consumes energy G (Heat to ground) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 7
8 Soil Heat Flux (G) Bastiaanssen (1995) Tasumi et al. (2003) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 8
9 Net Radiation (R n ) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 9
10 Sensible Heat Flux (H) H = (ρ c p dt) / r ah dt = the near surface temperature difference (K) r ah Aerodynamic resistance to heat transport r ah z ln z u * 2 1 k z 2 dt r ah H z 1 U * - Friction velocity k von karmon constant (0.41) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 10
11 SEBS R n and G are calculated as in the SEBAL Estimation of the evaporative fraction based on energy balance at limiting cases Wet & Dry limit for each pixel At Dry-limit, the latent heat is assumed to be zero due to the limitation of soil moisture. LEdry Rn G0 H 0 Hdry Rn G0 dry At Wet-limit, evaporation takes place at potential rate LE wet Rn G0 Hwet Hwet Rn G0 LEwet SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 11
12 SEBS Su (2002) E. r.( R e n e G). c p.( e r.( ). r i sat e) Menenti, 1984 H wet ( R n. c G) 1 p.( e r ew sat. e) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 12
13 SEBS Su (2002) LE r.lewet SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 13
14 Two Source Model SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 14
15 TSM (Two Source Model) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 15
16 Two Source Model R ns = cr n exp(-β. LAI) or R ns = R n - R nc SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 16
17 TSM - Energy Balance SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 17
18 Instantaneous ET to Daily ET Evaporative Fraction Method SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 18
19 EF1 = Daily ET / ETo EF2 = Daily ET / ETo EF3 = Daily ET / ETo EF4 = Daily ET / ETo Image Acquisition Date Image Acquisition Date Image Acquisition Date Image Acquisition Date Time Series Daily ET Calculation of daily ET ( ) ET = ETo x EF1 ET = ETo x EF2 ET = ETo x EF3 ET = ETo x EF4 SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 19
20 ET 0 Calculation SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 20
21 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Control Site (2005) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 21
22 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Control Site (2005) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 22
23 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Burnt Site (2005) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 23
24 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Burnt Site (2005) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 24
25 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Control Site (2006) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 25
26 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Control Site (2006) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 26
27 Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Burnt Site (2006) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 27
28 Estimated ET (mm d -1 ) Landsat ET Accuracy Assessment El Reno Burnt Site (2006) y = 0.50x R² = Observed ET (mm d -1 ) SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 28
29 Performance Statistics N ElReno Control 2005 ElReno Burn 2005 ElReno Control 2006 ElReno Burn 2006 Mean (mm d - 1 ) Mean (mm d - 1 ) MBE (mm d -1 ) % MBE (%) RMSE (mm d - 1 ) % RMSE (%) MAE (mm h - 1 ) MAPD (%) NSE R SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 29
30 ET (mm/d) Actual E, T and ET Julian Day SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 30
31 ET (mm/d) Actual ET vs Potential ET Julian Day SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 31
32 Summary Development of Landsat-TM based time series ET database is complete Available Products Surface temperature maps E, T, and ET maps ( ) Accuracy of ET maps depended upon availability of cloud-free Landsat images in a given year MODIS-based ET maps will be available in December 2014 SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Page 32
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