Rainfall Appendix. Summary Statistics of Rainfall Data for Sites in the West-Central Florida. A Simple Conceptualized Rainfall/Discharge Relationship
|
|
- Ross Lang
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Rainfall Appendix Summary Statistics of Rainfall Data for Sites in the West-Central Florida A Simple Conceptualized Rainfall/Discharge Relationship Stream or river flows are, of course, integrally associated with rainfall. In his 1974 book entitled, Water: A Primer, Luna B. Leopold notes that [s]treamflow is what is left over after precipitation has supplied the demands of vegetation and the process of evaporation. Leftovers or differences tend to vary greatly with time. For example, suppose the rainfall in one year is 4 inches and that evaporation and plant transpiration 2 inches. This leaves 2 inches to be carried off by the streams. Suppose that in the next year rainfall is 3 inches, percent less than the year before. If evaporation and transpiration were the same, which is quite possible, streamflow would be only 1 inches, 5 percent less than in the year before. Thus a percent change in rainfall becomes a 5 percent change in runoff. This means that the flow of streams is highly variable and sensitive to changes in rainfall. In the Southwest Florida Water Management District, average annual rainfall at most sites is between approximately 5 to 52 inches per year. Evapotranspiration is generally assumed to be about 38 inches per year; thus using Leopold s simplified equation, one might expect streamflow (in the absence of withdrawals or discharges, no changes in storage, and without significant gains or losses from/to groundwater) to average about 12 inches per year (i.e., 5 38 = 12). Interannual variabililty in rainfall may, however, be expected to lead to substantial variation in annual streamflow. For example, suppose the rainfall in one year is 5 inches and that evaporation and plant transpiration 38 inches. This leaves 12 inches to be carried off by the streams. Suppose that in the next year rainfall is 45 inches, 1 percent less than the year before. If evaporation and transpiration were the same, which is quite possible, streamflow would be only 7 inches, 42 percent less than in the year before. Thus a 1 percent change in rainfall becomes a 42 percent change in runoff. This means that the flow of streams is highly variable and sensitive to changes in rainfall, and that relatively small changes in rainfall can lead to relatively large changes in discharge. To characterize regional rainfall variability for consideration when developing minimum flows, we examined rainfall data for a number of sites in and around the District (Figure 1). For this effort, we restricted analyses to sites with relatively long rainfall records that coincide with warm and cool cycles of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO; see Enfield et al. 21). We also chose not to in-fill missing daily rainfall total values, and excluded yearly rainfall totals for sites where the number of missing daily total rainfall values exceeded 3. While in-filling of
2 missing rainfall records may be acceptable for some analyses, we elected to base our evaluation of annual and longer-term rainfall statistics on only reported, measured records. We acknowledge that this may have led to underestimation of some yearly rainfall totals and in some instances, limited identification of some of the wettest or driest 1-year periods, simply because when one year of data was deleted, the determination of a 1-year mean would have to wait until 1 more contiguous years of data were available. To illustrate our approach, graphical and tabular summary results are presented here for a rainfall data set created from reported daily rainfall at three long term National Weather Service (NWS) sites. The average-site data set is referred to as the BIO_AVG and was based on records collected at the BROOKSVILLE CHINSEGUT HILL NWS, INVERNESS 3 SE NWS, and OCALA NWS sites (see Figure 1). We developed the BIO_AVG data set to represent average rainfall conditions across the Withlacoochee River basin, and because when missing data occurred at any one of the NWS sites, a mean could be calculated using the other two. This approach resulted in a fairly complete rainfall record that contained no missing yearly, seasonal or monthly totals.
3 Figure 1. Locations of rainfall gaging stations (including the three sites used to develop the BIO_AVG data set) used for analyses of rainfall variation in west-central Florida.
4 Mean annual, dry and wet season rainfall totals (in inches) for the three AMO periods associated with the period of record for the BIO_AVG data set are shown in Figure 2. The bar charts in the figure illustrate rainfall totals for two warm AMO periods ( and ) and a single, cool AMO period (197 to 1994). BIO_AVG Rainfall POR 54.1 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31 Figure 2. Summary information on mean annual, dry season and wet season rainfall for the BIO_AVG data set for three AMO periods.
5 For southwest Florida (and peninsular Florida in general, as discussed by Kelly 24), the wet season rainfall occurs during the summer rainy season which is defined as the months of June, July, August and September; remaining months are considered the dry months. As explained by Enfield et al. (21), and the premise of work done by Kelly (24) and Kelly and Gore (28), warm North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) have a positive effect on rainfall in peninsular Florida due to the associated increase in tropical storm and hurricane activity attributable to warmer SST. The tropical storm / hurricane season is generally defined as extending from June to November, with the majority of activity occurring in August and September. This activity would, therefore, tend to lead to greater rainfall totals during the normal peninsular Florida rainy season with increased tropical storm activity further contributing to the convective rainfall characteristic of the rainy season. As noted by Enfield (21), Kelly (24) and Kelly and Gore (28), we hypothesize that the greater mean annual rainfall totals for the period 194 to 1969, and decreased rainfall totals for the period 197 to 1994 could be explained by the increase or decrease in tropical storm activity, respectively, that characterized the rainy season of these two periods. If this argument holds, however, it might be expected that mean annual total rainfall should have again increased for the period 1995 to, since we are reportedly in a warmer AMO phase. Mean annual rainfall totals for many sites throughout central Florida have actually remained low during this period and in some cases are lower than the dry (cool) AMO period that extended from 197 through Inspection of the bar graphs of the wet and dry seasons for the three time periods, at least with respect to BIO_AVG (Figure 2), indicates that as might be expected actual wet season mean annual rainfall was higher in both the (35.8 inches) and the (33.5 inches) AMO warm periods than in the cool AMO period ( ; 3.1 inches). However, increased wet season rainfall for the period was offset by decreased dry season rainfall. Similar results were observed for a number rainfall gaging sites we evaluated (see data figures/tables to follow). Because the amount of runoff to a river is dependent in most cases on the amount of storage in the watershed that must be filled before runoff occurs, it is helpful to have a sense of multiyear wet and dry periods and the cumulative effects of multi-year rainfall surpluses or deficits. Periods of extended drought may greatly increase the amount of storage in lakes, wetlands, and soils that must be overcome before runoff occurs. In the case of the BIO_AVG data set, the wettest consecutive years occurred during the early to mid-196 s (Figure 3). This extended period was generally a period of high discharge for many District rivers. Expectations regarding flows similar to those that occurred in the 196s in the Withlacoochee River, for example, should be tempered by the knowledge that that this time period included the wettest 2 to 1 year rainfall periods based on 1-year rainfall records for the Ocala, Brooksville, and Inverness area. Also of note, the driest 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1 year periods of rainfall for that region occurred during the late 199 s to early 2 s, so it is reasonable to
6 expect that flows in the Withlacoochee River were relatively low during that period. Figure 3 also includes a plot of cumulative deviation from period of record mean annual rainfall for the BIO_AVG data site. This type of plot is useful for identifying periods of above average rainfall (upward sloping line) or below average rainfall (downward sloping line) with the extent or length of the downward or upward sloping segment indicative of the cumulative effect of wet or dry periods. The plot in Figure 3 clearly illustrates that the period of 192 to approximately 197 was much wetter than more recent decades. Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual BIO_AVG Cumulative Deviation from Mean 1 BIO_AVG 8 Estimated ET = 38 Inches toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET = Figure 3. Average multi-year rainfall totals for the driest and wettest periods (table) and cumulative annual deviation from period of record rainfall (blue line) for the BIO_AVG data set. The black line is the 5-year moving average of the cumulative deviations. Our final figure for each site summarizes variation in rainfall on a monthly basis for the three AMO periods we evaluated. Figure 4 illustrates results for the BIO_AVG site, and includes a plot and summary table of mean monthly rainfall totals. Blue shading in the table indicates the
7 wettest of each monthly total for three AMO periods, and tan shading denotes the driest month among the three periods. BIO_AVG Rainfall Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Month Month Total Figure 4. Mean monthly rainfall totals for three AMO periods (line chart and table) for the BIO_AVG data set.
8 Data What follows is a series of figures (and tables) for rainfall sites shown in Figure 1. Information for each site is formatted as described above. Microsoft Excel spreadsheets used to generate the figures/tables for each site are available on request.
9 ARCADIA NWS RAINFALL Rainfall POR 5.8 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
10 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual 6.16 Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record is from 191 to Arcadia NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches
11 Arcadia NWS Rainfall Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
12 ARCHBOLD BIOLOGICAL STATION NWS Rainfall POR 53.3 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % POR % 31
13 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Inches Archbold Biological Station NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean ARCHBOLD BIOLOGICAL STATION NWS 8Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
14 ARCHBOLD BIOLOGICAL STATION NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
15 BARTOW NWS Rainfall POR 53.7 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
16 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Bartow NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches 14 BARTOW NWS 12 Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
17 BARTOW NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
18 BRADENTON 5 ESE NWS POR DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % POR %
19 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Bradenton 5 ESE NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean BRADENTON 5 ESE NWS 6 4 Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = -3. Inches 194to1969X - ET = toX - ET = * years deleted to high number of missing daily observations
20 BRADENTON 5 ESE NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
21 BROOKSVILLE CHINSEGUT HILL NWS POR DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % POR %
22 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Inches Brooksville Chinsegut Hill NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean 12BROOKSVILLE CHINSEGUT HILL NWS 1Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
23 BROOKSVILLE CHINSEGUT HILL NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
24 BURRELL LOCK NWS Rainfall POR 48.2 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % POR.8 58%
25 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Burrell Lock NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches 4 BURRELL LOCK NWS 3 Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
26 BURRELL LOCK NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
27 CLERMONT 9 S NWS Rainfall POR 5.5 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
28 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Clermont 9 S NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches
29 CLERMONT 9 S NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
30 CROSS CITY 1 E NWS Rainfall POR 57. AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
31 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Cross City 1 E NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches 6 4 CROSS CITY 1 E NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
32 CROSS CITY 1 E NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
33 FORT GREEN 12 WSW NWS Rainfall POR 55. AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
34 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Inches FORT GREEN 12 Fort WSW Green NWS 12 WSW NWS Estimated ET = 38 Cumulative Deviation from Mean 1995toX 6-194to1969X = to1969X 2 - ET = toX - ET =
35 FORT GREEN 12 WSW NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Title Month Total
36 FORT MYERS PAGE FIELD AIRPORT NWS Rainfall POR 54.1 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 2 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 38 POR %
37 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Complete record since 1919 Fort Myers Page Field Airport NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean FORT MYERS PAGE FIELD AIRPORT NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = 15.6 Inches toX - ET =
38 FORT MYERS PAGE FIELD AIRPORT NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
39 GainesvilleXfor2NWS_Sites Rainfall POR 5.7 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR.4 58% 31
40 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual 42.4 Driest 5 yr mean annual ( 2nd) Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Record complete since 191 when use mean of two sites GainesvilleXfor2NWS_Sites Estimated ET = toX 8-194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET = 9.7 Inches Gainesville (X for 2 NWS sites) Cumulative Deviation from Mean
41 GainesvilleXfor2NWS_Sites 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
42 HIGH SPRINGS NWS Rainfall POR 51.4 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
43 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record is from 1945 to present. Years deleted due to missing data: 1963, 1974, Inches HIGH SPRINGS NWS Estimated ET = 38 5 High Springs NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean 41995toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
44 HIGH SPRINGS NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
45 HILLSBOROUGH RIVER STATE PARK NWS Rainfall POR 54. AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
46 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 1944 to Years deleted due to missing data: , 1962, , 1975, 1979, HILLSBOROUGH RIVER STATE PARK NWS Estimated ET = 38 Inches Hillsborough River State Park NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean 1995toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
47 HILLSBOROUGH RIVER STATE PARK NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
48 INVERNESS 3 SE NWS Rainfall POR 52.8 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
49 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual (2 2nd) Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record fm 191 to Years due to missing data: 196-7, 199, 1919, 1923, 1928, 1951, 28 INVERNESS 3 SE NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = Inches 21995toX - ET = Inverness 3 SE NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
50 INVERNESS 3 SE NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
51 KISSIMMEE 2 NWS Rainfall POR 49.8 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
52 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record is 191 to 26 Years deleted due to missing data: , 19-, 1951, 1999, -9 KISSIMMEE 2 NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = Inches 21995toX - ET = Kissimmee 2 NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
53 KISSIMMEE 2 NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
54 MOORE HAVEN LOCK 1 NWS Rainfall POR 48.4 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 18 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
55 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record 1919 to Years deleted due to missing data: , 21, MOORE HAVEN LOCK 1 NWS Estimated ET = 38 Moore Haven Lock 1 NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean 1995toX - 194to1969X = Inches 8194to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
56 MOORE HAVEN LOCK 1 NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
57 MOUNTAIN LAKE NWS Rainfall POR 5.9 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
58 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record 1935 to Years deleted due to missing data: 1941 Mountain Lake NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean MOUNTAIN LAKE NWS 1 Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = -2.7 Inches 6194to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
59 MOUNTAIN LAKE NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
60 MYAKKA RIVER STATE PARK NWS Rainfall POR 56.8 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % POR %
61 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 1944 to Years deleted due to missing data: Myakka River State Park NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean Inches
62 MYAKKA RIVER STATE PARK NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
63 OCALA NWS RAINFALL Rainfall POR 52.8 AMO Period DRY Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
64 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record is from 191 to Years deleted due to missing values: 198, , 192, , 19, 19, 1937, OCALA NWS RAINFALL Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = Inches 41995toX - ET = Ocala Cumulative Deviation from Mean
65 OCALA NWS RAINFALL Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
66 ORLANDO HERNDON AIRPORT NWS Rainfall POR 51. AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
67 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 191 to 2 Years deleted due to missing data: 194, 1974 Inches Orlando Herndon Airport NWS C umulative Deviation from Mean ORLANDO HERNDON AIRPORT NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = to2X - ET =
68 ORLANDO HERNDON AIRPORT NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
69 PARRISH NWS Rainfall POR 54.4 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
70 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual insufficient data Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual 68.5 Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual insufficient data Period of Record is 1958 to Years deleted due to missing data: 196, 1976 Inches Parrish NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean PARRISH NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
71 PARRISH NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
72 PLANT CITY NWS Rainfall POR 53.6 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
73 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual (1978 2nd) Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual (1978 2nd) Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 194 to Years deleted due to missing data: 1916, , 24 PLANT CITY NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = Inches 8194to1969X - ET = toX - ET = Plant City NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
74 PLANT CITY NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
75 SAINT LEO NWS Rainfall POR 54.7 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
76 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 192 to Years deleted due to missing data: 193, 191, 1914, 1917, 1919, , 1924, 1926 SAINT LEO NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = Inches toX - ET = Saint Leo NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
77 SAINT LEO NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
78 SAINT LEO NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
79 TAMPA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT NWS Rainfall POR 47.4 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
80 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 191 to Years deleted due to missing data: None Inches Tampa TAMPA International INTERNATIONAL Airport AIRPORT NWS NWS Cumulative Deviation Estimated ET = from Mean toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
81 TAMPA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
82 USHER TOWER NWS Rainfall POR 59.2 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
83 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 1957 to Years deleted due to missing data: Inches Usher Tower NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean USHER TOWER NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET =
84 USHER TOWER NWS Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
85 WAUCHULA NWS Rainfall POR 51.8 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR % 31
86 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 1934 to Years deleted due to missing data: , 1939, , 22 WAUCHULA NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = Inches 41995toX - ET = Wauchula NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
87 WAUCHULA NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
88 WINTER HAVEN NWS Rainfall POR 5.6 AMO Period DRY Season Dry Season Total X% of s % % % 23 POR % WET Season Wet Season Total X% of s % % % 33 POR %
89 Mean Year Ending Driest 2 yr mean annual Driest 3 yr mean annual Driest 4 yr mean annual Driest 5 yr mean annual 4.21 Driest 1 year mean annual Wetest 2 yr mean annual Wetest 3 yr mean annual Wetest 4 yr mean annual Wetest 5 yr mean annual Wetest 1 year mean annual Period of Record from 1941 to Years deleted due to missing data: , 1992, 1999 WINTER HAVEN NWS Estimated ET = toX - 194to1969X = to1969X - ET = toX - ET = Inches Winter Haven NWS Cumulative Deviation from Mean
90 WINTER HAVEN NWS 1 Mean Monthly Rainfall for Three Time Periods Rainfall Month Month Total
4 *Contours generalized for estimating average watershed precipitation; adopted from larger map by Geomatrix, 1999.
Selected USGS Stream Gaging Stations San Lorenzo River watershed A. Pescadero Ck B. San Lorenzo R. Waterman Switch C. Boulder Ck D. Zayante Ck E. Bean Ck F. San Vicente Ck G. San Lorenzo R. at Big Trees
More informationStatistical Evaluation of BMP Effectiveness in Reducing Fecal Coliform Impairment in Mermentau River Basin
Statistical Evaluation of BMP Effectiveness in Reducing Fecal Coliform Impairment in Mermentau River Basin Z.-Q. Deng 1 and H. Chowdhary 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
More informationHydrological study for the operation of Aposelemis reservoir Extended abstract
Hydrological study for the operation of Aposelemis Extended abstract Scope and contents of the study The scope of the study was the analytic and systematic approach of the Aposelemis operation, based on
More informationEXPLORING BIOMES IN GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK
EXPLORING BIOMES IN GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK ABOUT THIS WORKSHEET This worksheet complements the Click and Learn Gorongosa National Park Interactive Map (http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/gorongosa-national-park-interactive-map),
More informationThe Seychelles National Meteorological Services. Mahé Seychelles
Report for the fishermen Finding the best days to process sea-cucumber in the Seychelles during the months of March, April and May. The Seychelles National Meteorological Services Mahé Seychelles By: Hyacinth
More informationMANAGING FRESHWATER INFLOWS TO ESTUARIES
MANAGING FRESHWATER INFLOWS TO ESTUARIES Yuna River Hydrologic Characterization A. Warner Warner, A. (2005). Yuna River Hydrologic Characterization. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Nature Conservancy.
More informationTHE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE
STATEMENT FROM THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-21) MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE, SADC HEADQUARTERS, GABORONE, BOTSWANA, 5 8 DECEMBER 2017. SUMMARY The bulk
More informationASSESSMENT OF FECAL COLIFORM IN LITTLE RABBIT CREEK AND LITTLE SURVIVAL CREEK
ASSESSMENT OF FECAL COLIFORM IN LITTLE RABBIT CREEK AND LITTLE SURVIVAL CREEK FINAL REPORT Prepared for: Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 555 Cordova Street Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Prepared
More informationInternational Osoyoos Lake Board of Control Annual Report to the International Joint Commission
International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control 2015 Annual Report to the International Joint Commission Cover: Northern extent of Osoyoos Lake, where the Okanagan River enters the lake, 2015. View is to the
More informationFECAL COLIFORM MONITORING IN GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY: SUMMARY REPORT OF MONITORING RESULTS FOR
Chehalis Basin Partnership Fecal Coliform Monitoring in Grays Harbor County: Summary Report of Monitoring Results for 2000-2003 Draft June 30, 2003 Prepared by Tetra Tech/KCM, Inc. 1917 First Avenue, Seattle,
More informationActual Climatic Conditions in ERB. Online Resource 1 corresponding to:
Actual Climatic Conditions in ERB. Online Resource 1 corresponding to: Article Title: Climatic Trends and Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in an Arid Andean Valley. Journal Name: CLIMATIC CHANGE
More informationSouthern Africa Growing Season : Heading for a Record Drought?
Southern Africa Growing Season 2015-2016: Heading for a Record Drought? HIGHLIGHTS The current growing season (October 2015 April 2016) in Southern Africa is developing under the peak phase of El Nino
More informationDevelopment of Sea Surface Temperature in the Baltic Sea in 2010
HELCOM Baltic Sea Environment Fact Sheets 2011 1 Development of Sea Surface Temperature in the Baltic Sea in 2010 Authors: Herbert Siegel and Monika Gerth Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde (IOW)
More informationSeasonal Variability of the Groundwater Regime for Several Aquifers in Bulgaria Tatiana Orehova 1
Seasonal Variability of the Groundwater Regime for Several Aquifers in Bulgaria Tatiana Orehova 1 The purpose of the paper is to analyse the seasonal variability of the groundwater regime for several aquifers
More informationWatershed Runoff Analysis
CREATING SOLUTIONS FOR A CHANGING WORLD Watershed Runoff Analysis April 18, 2017 John Melack, UCSB Ed Beighley & Dongmei Feng, Northeastern University Study Workflow Civil and Environmental Engineering
More informationAPPENDIX A Florida Clerk of Court s Offices
APPENDIX A Florida Clerk of Court s Offices Alahua County Baker County Bay County 201 E. University Ave. 339 E. Macclenny Ave.P.O. Box 2269 Gainesville, FL 32602 Macclenny, FL 32063Panama City, FL 32402
More informationHOW TO IMPROVE HIGH-FREQUENCY BUS SERVICE RELIABILITY THROUGH SCHEDULING
HOW TO IMPROVE HIGH-FREQUENCY BUS SERVICE RELIABILITY THROUGH SCHEDULING Ms. Grace Fattouche Abstract This paper outlines a scheduling process for improving high-frequency bus service reliability based
More informationLESOTHO HIGHLANDS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
LESOTHO HIGHLANDS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNUAL FLOW RELEASES INSTREAM FLOW REQUIREMENT (IFR) IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING (October 2004 to September 2005) TOWER ON MALIBAMATŠO RIVER @ KAO REPORT N0.6
More informationInternational Osoyoos Lake Board of Control Annual Report to the International Joint Commission
International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control 2013 Annual Report to the International Joint Commission TABLE OF CONTENTS ACTIVITIES OF THE BOARD... 1 HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS IN 2013... 2 Drought Criteria...
More informationDevelopment of Sea Surface Temperature in the Baltic Sea in 2009
Development of Sea Surface Temperature in the Baltic Sea in 2009 Authors: Herbert Siegel and Monika Gerth, Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde (IOW) Key message The development of the sea surface
More informationThe Problem.. SuDS: Controlling the Flow. LANDF RM Technical delivery of SuDS 15/10/2013. Bridget Woods Ballard HR Wallingford 1.
SuDS: Controlling the Flow 15th October 2013 Bridget Woods Ballard The Problem.. Page 2 Bridget Woods Ballard HR Wallingford 1 15th October 2013 Landform Event Page 3 HR Wallingford 2013 The Aim of SuDS.
More informationHydrological Data HYDROLOGICAL MODELS
HYDROLOGICAL MODELS There is no doubt that the driving force in a wetland is the water, and the dynamics of water is what characterizes each particular wetland ecosystem. Hence, its was of outmost importance
More informationUNITED KINGDOM AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR
UNITED KINGDOM AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR AIC 127/2006 (Pink 110) 7 December NATS Limited Aeronautical Information Service Control Tower Building, London Heathrow Airport Hounslow, Middlesex TW6
More informationCITY OF LYNDEN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REPORT MARCH 1, 2016
CITY OF LYNDEN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 2015 WATER QUALITY MONITORING REPORT CITY OF LYNDEN 300 4 TH STREET LYNDEN, WASHINGTON 98264 PHONE (360) 354-3446 MARCH 1, 2016 This document serves as an attachment
More informationGEOGRAPHY OF GLACIERS 2
GEOGRAPHY OF GLACIERS 2 Roger Braithwaite School of Environment and Development 1.069 Arthur Lewis Building University of Manchester, UK Tel: UK+161 275 3653 r.braithwaite@man.ac.uk 09/08/2012 Geography
More informationAnnual Weather Book RECORDED BY NW RESEARCH & OUTREACH CTR. By: Michael Leiseth
Annual Weather Book RECORDED BY NW RESEARCH & OUTREACH CTR. By: Michael Leiseth Table I II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9, 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, 16 17 18 An average year in Crookston, MN. Seasonal extremes in Crookston,
More informationHydrology Input for West Souris River IWMP
Hydrology Input for West Souris River IWMP Prepared by: Mark Lee Manitoba Water Stewardship 1 1 1 Overall view of: drainage area watershed characteristics gauging stations meteorological stations Runoff
More informationFecal Coliform Bacteria Monitoring for the Sleepy Creek Watershed Incremental 319 Project Final Report
Fecal Coliform Bacteria Monitoring for the Sleepy Creek Watershed Incremental 319 Project Final Report Prepared for: West Virginia Conservation Agency Prepared by: Cacapon Institute Back Creek Road PO
More informationAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Life Expectancy and Mortality Trend Reporting
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Life Expectancy and Mortality Trend Reporting Technical Report December 2015 Amended May 2016 Authors: Clare Coleman, Nicola Fortune, Vanessa Lee, Kalinda Griffiths,
More informationGeomorphology. Glacial Flow and Reconstruction
Geomorphology Glacial Flow and Reconstruction We will use simple mathematical models to understand ice dynamics, recreate a profile of the Laurentide ice sheet, and determine the climate change of the
More informationLand-Use and Water Quality Across the Cape Fear River Basin, NC: from 2001 to Jennifer Braswell Alford, PhD
Land-Use and Water Quality Across the Cape Fear River Basin, NC: Exploring Spatial and Temporal Relationships from 2001 to 2006 Jennifer Braswell Alford, PhD Introduction There are over 3.6 million miles
More informationSmall Island States in Indian and Atlantic Oceans: Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change and other Stresses
Small Island States in Indian and Atlantic Oceans: Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change and other Stresses Prepared for: EWRI 05 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress Anchorage
More informationSTATEMENT FROM THE EIGHTEENTH SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-18), WINDHOEK, NAMIBIA, AUGUST 2014.
STATEMENT FROM THE EIGHTEENTH SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-18), WINDHOEK, NAMIBIA, 27 29 AUGUST 2014. SUMMARY Southern African Development Community (SADC) is likely to receive
More information1 Replication of Gerardi and Shapiro (2009)
Appendix: "Incumbent Response to Entry by Low-Cost Carriers in the U.S. Airline Industry" Kerry M. Tan 1 Replication of Gerardi and Shapiro (2009) Gerardi and Shapiro (2009) use a two-way fixed effects
More informationAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Life Expectancy and Mortality Trend Reporting to 2014
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Life Expectancy and Mortality Trend Reporting to 2014 Technical Report June 2016 Authors: Clare Coleman, Nicola Fortune, Vanessa Lee, Kalinda Griffiths, Richard Madden
More informationTreats 2,271,000 gallons of greywater from the water park using the constructed lagoon and wetland, saving $8,539 in sewer charges annually.
Carmel, IN Methodology for Landscape Performance Benefits Prepared by: Research Fellow: M. Elen Deming, Professor, University of Illinois Research Assistant: Paul Littleton, MLA Candidate, University of
More informationNew Zealand Transport Outlook. Leg-Based Air Passenger Model. November 2017
New Zealand Transport Outlook Leg-Based Air Passenger Model November 2017 Short name Leg-Based Air Passenger Model Purpose of the model The Transport Outlook Leg-Based Air Passenger Model projects domestic
More information4. Hydrology of the Olentangy River Watershed
4. Hydrology of the Olentangy River Watershed The Hydrologic Cycle Water on Planet Earth is dynamic constantly being recycled from the land to the atmosphere to the ocean. Rivers and streams are just a
More informationLCC Competition in the U.S. and EU: Implications for the Effect of Entry by Foreign Carriers on Fares in U.S. Domestic Markets
LCC Competition in the U.S. and EU: Implications for the Effect of Entry by Foreign Carriers on Fares in U.S. Domestic Markets Xinlong Tan Clifford Winston Jia Yan Bayes Data Intelligence Inc. Brookings
More informationData Digest: Florida. August 2013
Data Digest: Florida August 2013 The economic performance for Florida and the United States has been improving since the end of 2010. However, the nation has been improving at a faster rate than Florida.
More informationSTATEMENT FROM THE NINTH SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-9) HELD IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE FROM 7 8 SEPTEMBER 2005.
STATEMENT FROM THE NINTH SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-9) HELD IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE FROM 7 8 SEPTEMBER 2005. 1.0 SUMMARY During the period October to December 2005, northern DRC
More informationHOTFIRE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT MODEL A CASE STUDY
1 HOTFIRE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT MODEL A CASE STUDY Sub-theme: Economics / business venture, livelihood strategies Format: Poster Bruce Fletcher Hotfire Hunting and Fishing Safaris P O Box 11 Cathcart 5310
More informationDECISION MEMO. Rawhide Trail #7073 Maintenance and Reconstruction
Page 1 of 6 Background DECISION MEMO USDA Forest Service Jefferson Ranger District Jefferson County, Montana Rawhide Trail #7073 is located in the Elkhorn Mountain Range approximately 10 miles east of
More informationName: Date: Period: Samples and Populations Investigation 1.1: Comparing Wait Times
Name: Date: Period: Samples and Populations Investigation 1.1: Comparing Wait Times In your lifetime, you spend a lot of time waiting. Sometimes it feels like you could stand in line forever. For example,
More informationEnvironmental Impact Assessment in Chile, its application in the case of glaciers. Carlos Salazar Hydro21 Consultores Ltda.
Environmental Impact Assessment in Chile, its application in the case of glaciers Carlos Salazar Hydro21 Consultores Ltda. carlos.salazar@hydro21.cl Introduction Changes in the environmental law in Chile
More informationFIJI ISLANDS AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR
ANR 31 REFERS FIJI ISLANDS AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji Private Bag (NAP0354), Nadi Airport Fiji Tel: (679) 6721 555; Fax (679) 6721 500 Website: www.caafi.org.fj
More informationReducing Garbage-In for Discrete Choice Model Estimation
Reducing Garbage-In for Discrete Choice Model Estimation David Kurth* Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 999 18th Street, Suite 3000 Denver, CO 80202 P: 303-357-4661 F: 303-446-9111 dkurth@camsys.com Marty Milkovits
More informationAssessment of Pathogen Strategies
Assessment of Pathogen Strategies Bacteria levels in receiving waters are a primary concern for federal, state, and local agencies. The primary sources of bacteria are generally attributed to combined
More information1500+ Miles of Byways FLORIDA SCENIC HIGHWAYS PROGRAM. All-American Road. National Scenic Byways. Counties. Scenic Highways. A 20-Year Partnership
FLORIDA SCENIC HIGHWAYS PROGRAM A Program of the Florida Department of Transportation 2016 Annual Report A MESSAGE FROM THE PROGRAM COORDINATOR Launched in July 1996, the Florida Scenic Highways Program
More informationTHE TWENTIETH ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM
STATEMENT FROM THE TWENTIENT ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-20), HARARE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTRE, HARARE, ZIMBABWE, 24 26 AUGUST 2016. SUMMARY The bulk of Southern
More informationTHE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM
STATEMENT FROM THE TWENTY FIRST ANNUAL SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-21), MASA CONFERENCE CENTRE, GABORONE, BOTSWANA, 23 25 AUGUST 2017. SUMMARY The bulk of Southern African Development
More informationSECTION 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER BASIN
SECTION 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER BASIN SECTION 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER BASIN River basin description. A general description of the river basin or subbasin, as appropriate, in which
More informationAnnual bulletin 2014
Annual bulletin 2014 1 --------------------------Temperature----------------------- January 2014 In January 2014 it was warmer than normal nearly over the complete region with exception of the northern
More informationAccording to FAA Advisory Circular 150/5060-5, Airport Capacity and Delay, the elements that affect airfield capacity include:
4.1 INTRODUCTION The previous chapters have described the existing facilities and provided planning guidelines as well as a forecast of demand for aviation activity at North Perry Airport. The demand/capacity
More informationPolice Officers' 2017 Premium Tax Distribution Calculations
Police Officers' 2017 Calculations Name 106 ALTAMONTE SPRINGS $398,763.21 $31,901.06 $0.00 $224.02 $366,638.13 118 APOPKA $464,664.10 $37,173.13 $0.00 $261.04 $427,229.93 119 ARCADIA $78,876.70 $6,310.14
More informationATM Network Performance Report
ATM Network Performance Report 2019 Page 1 of 20 Table of contents Summary... 3 Network Wide Performance... 4 Airborne delay... 4 Sydney... 7 Airborne delay... 7 Notable events... 7 CTOT (Calculated take
More informationTHE TWENTY SECOND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE
STATEMENT FROM THE TWENTY SECOND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL CLIMATE OUTLOOK FORUM (SARCOF-22) MID-SEASON REVIEW AND UPDATE, CRESTA MAUN HOTEL, MAUN, BOTSWANA, 13 14 DECEMBER 2018. SUMMARY The bulk of the
More informationTEACHER PAGE Trial Version
TEACHER PAGE Trial Version * After completion of the lesson, please take a moment to fill out the feedback form on our web site (https://www.cresis.ku.edu/education/k-12/online-data-portal)* Lesson Title:
More informationClimate change impacts on stand production and survival, and adaptation strategies to build resilience
Climate change impacts on stand production and survival, and adaptation strategies to build resilience Jody Bruce, Michael Battaglia and Libby Pinkard July 14 CSIRO LAND AND WATER Potential impact Exposure
More informationBrain Wrinkles. Africa: The impact of location, climate, & physical characteristics on where people live, the type of work they do, & how they travel
Africa: The impact of location, climate, & physical characteristics on where people live, the type of work they do, & how they travel STANDARDS: SS7G3 The student will explain the impact of location, climate,
More informationWaukegan & Calumet Rivers. All Hands Meeting
Waukegan & Calumet Rivers 516(e) Update All Hands Meeting David F. Bucaro, P.E. Chief, Economic Formulation & Analysis Section, Planning Branch May 18 th, 2011 Kensington Court Ann Arbor, MI 1 2 Waukegan
More informationSafety 2010: A marginal average year in global Aviation Safety
Safety 2: A marginal average year in global Aviation Safety The year 2 was one of the best in aviation in terms of safety; however, as shown by the Safety Survey 2 data, runway safety remains a top priority.
More informationUC Berkeley Working Papers
UC Berkeley Working Papers Title The Value Of Runway Time Slots For Airlines Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69t9v6qb Authors Cao, Jia-ming Kanafani, Adib Publication Date 1997-05-01 escholarship.org
More informationWater in the Amazon. By Heather and Georgie
Water in the Amazon By Heather and Georgie The Amazon is the world s largest tropical rainforest. The Amazon is so big that the U.K and Ireland would fit into it 17 times. The Amazon River It s length
More informationGlobal Warming in New Zealand
Reading Practice Global Warming in New Zealand For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting warmer. As the nearest country of South Polar Region, New Zealand has maintained an upward trend
More informationAppendix A Appendix A (Project Specifications) Auk Auk / Black Diamond (Trail 44) Reroute
Appendix A (Project Specifications) Auk Auk / Black Diamond (Trail 44) Reroute I. Proposed Action: This project proposes to reroute approximately 1,800 feet of a 50 inch wide trail, off of private property
More informationMaintenance Directive
Maintenance Directive NL-2011-001R1 Contact Civil Aviation Authority of the Netherlands www.ilent.nl Date 15 November 2014 THIS MAINTENANCE DIRECTIVE IS PUBLISHED BY THE CAA-NL: Acting as Competent Authority
More informationVisitor Use Computer Simulation Modeling to Address Transportation Planning and User Capacity Management in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park
Visitor Use Computer Simulation Modeling to Address Transportation Planning and User Capacity Management in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park Final Report Steve Lawson Brett Kiser Karen Hockett Nathan
More informationHYDROLOGY OF GLACIAL LAKES, FORT SISSETON AREA
PROC. S.D. ACAD. SCI., VOL. 77 (1998) 59 HYDROLOGY OF GLACIAL LAKES, FORT SISSETON AREA Perry H. Rahn Department of Geology & Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City,
More informationRunway Length Analysis Prescott Municipal Airport
APPENDIX 2 Runway Length Analysis Prescott Municipal Airport May 11, 2009 Version 2 (draft) Table of Contents Introduction... 1-1 Section 1 Purpose & Need... 1-2 Section 2 Design Standards...1-3 Section
More informationVisitor Services Project. Colonial National Historical Park
Visitor Services Project Report 10 Colonial National Historical Park Volume 1 of 2 Gary E. Machlis Dana E. Dolsen April, 1988 Dr. Machlis is Sociology Project Leader, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, National
More informationLatin America and The Caribbean. A Closer Look.
Latin America and The Caribbean A Closer Look. Mexico Capital: Mexico City The Location of Mexico Mexico is the second-largest country by size and population in Latin America.but the Largest Spanish -
More informationDISTRICT EXPRESS LANES ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2017 JULY 1, 2016 JUNE 30, FloridaExpressLanes.com
DISTRICT EXPRESS LANES ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2017 JULY 1, 2016 JUNE 30, 2017 FloridaExpressLanes.com This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures... ii List of Tables.... ii
More informationLatin America. Physical Geography
+ Latin America Physical Geography + I. Landforms A. Caribbean & Central America 1. Mexico is dominated by two mountain chains, collectively called the Sierra Madre. A high plateau is situated in between.
More informationOriginal scientific paper UDC: 911.2:551.58(497.11) DOI: /IJGI S ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL SUMS OF PRECIPITATION IN SERBIA
Available online at www.gi.sanu.ac.rs Original scientific paper UDC: 911.2:551.58(497.11) DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1202001S ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL SUMS OF PRECIPITATION IN SERBIA Gorica Stanojević* 1 *Geographical
More informationFLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION OF RECREATION AND PARKS RECREATIONAL CARRYING CAPACITY GUIDELINES
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION OF RECREATION AND PARKS RECREATIONAL CARRYING CAPACITY GUIDELINES THE SELECTION AND CAPACITY DETERMINATION OF USE SITES Introduction The Division
More informationNorthwest Timberlands
Seral Stage and Patch Size Distribution Analyses for the North Coast Timber Supply Area March 3, 2008 Funded by: Investment Account (through Timber Ltd.) Project # 660900 Investment Schedule COTSA2669
More informationTechnical Memorandum. Synopsis. Steve Carrillo, PE. Bryan Oscarson/Carmen Au Lindgren, PE. April 3, 2018 (Revised)
Appendix D Orange County/John Wayne Airport (JWA) General Aviation Improvement Program (GAIP) Based Aircraft Parking Capacity Analysis and General Aviation Constrained Forecasts Technical Memorandum To:
More informationFewer air traffic delays in the summer of 2001
June 21, 22 Fewer air traffic delays in the summer of 21 by Ken Lamon The MITRE Corporation Center for Advanced Aviation System Development T he FAA worries a lot about summer. Not only is summer the time
More informationActivity Template. Drexel-SDP GK-12 ACTIVITY. Subject Area(s): Sound Associated Unit: Associated Lesson: None
Activity Template Subject Area(s): Sound Associated Unit: Associated Lesson: None Drexel-SDP GK-12 ACTIVITY Activity Title: What is the quickest way to my destination? Grade Level: 8 (7-9) Activity Dependency:
More informationMapping the Snout. Subjects. Skills. Materials
Subjects Mapping the Snout science math physical education Skills measuring cooperative action inferring map reading data interpretation questioning Materials - rulers - Mapping the Snout outline map and
More informationWaikato Regional Council Technical Report 2012/33 Suspended sediment time trends in the Waipa River and Waitomo Stream
Waikato Regional Council Technical Report 212/33 Suspended sediment time trends in the Waipa River and Waitomo Stream www.waikatoregion.govt.nz ISSN 223-4355 (Print) ISSN 223-4363 (Online) Prepared by:
More informationCESSNA SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE
CESSNA SECTION 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction............................................5-3 Use of Performance Charts................................5-3 Sample Problem........................................5-4
More informationFifty-Year Record of Glacier Change Reveals Shifting Climate in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA
Fact Sheet 2009 3046 >> Pubs Warehouse > FS 2009 3046 USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS Fifty-Year Record of Glacier Change Reveals Shifting Climate in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA Fifty years
More informationNatural Factors Affecting the Level of Osoyoos Lake
Natural Factors Affecting the Level of Osoyoos Lake Background Osoyoos Lake is operated under conditions prescribed by the International Joint Commission (IJC) and Figure 1 shows the ranges within which
More informationCHAPTER ONE LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER ONE LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter summarizes the most recently published community impact studies and articles that relate to multiuse trails. The review focuses on publications
More informationNOTES ON COST AND COST ESTIMATION by D. Gillen
NOTES ON COST AND COST ESTIMATION by D. Gillen The basic unit of the cost analysis is the flight segment. In describing the carrier s cost we distinguish costs which vary by segment and those which vary
More informationTerrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Central Mangrove Wetland South-West, Grand Cayman
Terrestrial Protected Area Nomination: Central Mangrove Wetland South-West, Grand Cayman The attached nomination, proposing that a parcel of land in the Central Mangrove Wetland be made a Protected Area
More informationETS Park & Ride Report Spring 2017
Sustainable Development City Planning 8th Floor, Edmonton Tower 10111-104 Avenue NW Edmonton, AB T5J 0J4 Tel.: 780.496.6086 Email: varjinder.chane@edmonton,ca by Monitoring & Geospatial Services May, 2017
More informationAn Econometric Study of Flight Delay Causes at O Hare International Airport Nathan Daniel Boettcher, Dr. Don Thompson*
An Econometric Study of Flight Delay Causes at O Hare International Airport Nathan Daniel Boettcher, Dr. Don Thompson* Abstract This study examined the relationship between sources of delay and the level
More informationWater Quality Trends for Conscience Bay
Water Quality Trends for Conscience Bay 2018 This report summarizes water quality data for fecal coliform and total coliform in Conscience Bay for the years 1998-2018. Prepared by: Brian M. McCaffrey Stormwater
More informationAVIATION RULES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC APKR-6 "OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT" Annex 6 Flight time limitations and flight duty time 01-Sep-2016
AVIATION RULES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC APKR-6 "OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT" Annex 6 Flight time limitations and flight duty time 01-Sep-2016 Contents Contents... 2 1 Definitions... 3 2 Purpose and scope... 3
More informationAnalysis of en-route vertical flight efficiency
Analysis of en-route vertical flight efficiency Technical report on the analysis of en-route vertical flight efficiency Edition Number: 00-04 Edition Date: 19/01/2017 Status: Submitted for consultation
More informationDirectional Price Discrimination. in the U.S. Airline Industry
Evidence of in the U.S. Airline Industry University of California, Irvine aluttman@uci.edu June 21st, 2017 Summary First paper to explore possible determinants that may factor into an airline s decision
More informationLake Trout Population Assessment Wellesley Lake 1997, 2002, 2007
Lake Trout Population Assessment Wellesley Lake Prepared by: Lars Jessup Fish and Wildlife Branch November 2009 Lake Trout Population Assessment Wellesley Lake Yukon Fish and Wildlife Branch TR-09-01 Acknowledgements
More informationOccurrence of Dry and Wet Periods in Altitudinal Vegetation Stages of West Carpathians in Slovakia: Time-Series Analysis
Occurrence of Dry and Wet Periods in Altitudinal Vegetation Stages of West Carpathians in Slovakia: Time-Series Analysis 1951-2005 J. Hrvoľ,, J. J Škvarenina,, J. J Tomlain, J. Škvareninová,, P. Nejedlík
More informationThe Portland State University study of shrinking Mt. Adams glaciers a good example of bad science.
The Portland State University study of shrinking Mt. Adams glaciers a good example of bad science. Don J. Easterbrook, Dept. of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA The recent Portland
More informationQuantitative Analysis of the Adapted Physical Education Employment Market in Higher Education
Quantitative Analysis of the Adapted Physical Education Employment Market in Higher Education by Jiabei Zhang, Western Michigan University Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the employment
More informationAbstract. Introduction
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY OF SLOT ALLOCATION BY CONGESTION PRICING AND RATION BY SCHEDULE Saba Neyshaboury,Vivek Kumar, Lance Sherry, Karla Hoffman Center for Air Transportation Systems Research (CATSR)
More informationAuthors. Courtney Slavin Graduate Research Assistant Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University
An Evaluation of the Impacts of an Adaptive Coordinated Traffic Signal System on Transit Performance: a case study on Powell Boulevard (Portland, Oregon) Authors Courtney Slavin Graduate Research Assistant
More information