Lessons to be learned by the 5 countries of the River Plate Basin (R.P.B.), from River Management and Collaboration of the River Rhine

Transcription

1 SMART RIVERS 2015 Lessons to be learned by the 5 countries of the River Plate Basin (R.P.B.), from River Management and Collaboration of the River Rhine Zuidwijk, A. Ocampo, J. ; Savarese, A. Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 2015

2 Section 1 Why should the River Rhine System be taken as an example? 2/34

3 Section 2 Very brief overview of the rivers which form the River Plate Basin: This river-system is very important for five countries : Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. Most important for Argentina. 3/34

4 Section 3 The outlet of the system : The River Plate and its long channels, many parts for One-way-traffic. Safety of navigation. Best use of the channels in the River Plate. Dredging. V.T.M.I.S. 4/34

5 Some details of Section 1 Is it correct to look for lessons in the experience of other regions? Why is the experience of the River Rhine a good example? The Commission of Navigation of the Rhine is shared by 5 countries What was the goal of this Commission? 5/34

6 Text in Wikipedia COLLABORATION: The function of this Commission is to encourage European prosperity by guaranteeing security for navigation of the Rhine... International collaboration is also needed in the River Plate Basin and for the Paraguay- Paraná Waterway from Caceres in Brazil to Nueva Palmira in Uruguay. The first steps already have been made: 6/34

7 First steps 1969: The 5 countries signed the Treaty of Brasilia: (intention to follow example of the Congress of Vienna of 1818!) 1989 C.I.H. created: Intergovernmental Commission of the Hidrovía (= Paraguay-Parana Waterway ) Follows the ideas Mannheim Convention 7/34

8 Importance of Waterways It is a well known fact that transport by water is inherently the cheapest way of transport. Almost all countries and regions in the world are making more and better use of their waterways. The best examples are probably in China 8/34

9 Another well-known fact: Efficient use of infrastructure, this is: Efficient use of Waterways, Railways and Roads, is the basis for Intermodal Transport. This is the principal lesson of the Collaboration of the River Rhine and Mannheim Convention It has proven to be the backbone of Intermodal Transport in Europe and has accomplished the foresight of the forefathers. 9/34

10 The backbone of European Intermodal Transport 10/34

11 History of S.A. Waterways Brazil started in the seventies with a small regional example : Parana-Tieté: Compared with Paraguay-Parana-Waterway, it is an Insignificant river-system. Locks 142m x 12 m. /Small convoys / 2 and 4 barges Presently with serious draft problems. (Practically inactive since drought started June 2014) 11/34

12 Parana-Tieté-waterway This system still is very important for the exportation of soybeans. Mato Grosso Plains produce 30 million tons per year. Important zone of cattle breeding. River Parana terminals = truck to barge River Tieté = from barge to rail. By rail from these terminals to Santos/Paranagua. RÍO PARANÁ RÍO TIETÉ 12/34

13 Intermodal Transport plans Brazil now has serious plans on the drawingboard for other, bigger waterways More railways More intermodal transport 13/34

14 Situation in Argentina Argentina should remember its past: Before W. W. 2, when the word Intermodal Transport did not even exist, it had pure Intermodal Transport. Intensive use was made of the railways and the River-system. After the sixties this declined and ceased in the seventies. 14/34

15 Present Transport in Argentina It is estimated that now 93% of all cargoes are transported by truck, 6% rail and 1% by water. The two Principal Highways (toll-roads) run parallel to railways and River Parana and River Uruguay. Permanent, expensive maintenance. Still there are always ruts of heavy trucks. This deserves a thorough study 15/34

16 Present situation Argentina The first steps are being made to recover the railway-system Waterways will follow. An important task for the new government 16/34

17 Intermodal Transport Policies : Intermodal transport is very important, but it is not easy to implement Intermodal Transport Policies. This needs proper planning/many C/B studies Adequate infrastructure and charging of the use of this infrastructure, New rules for competition, and much much more: These are Lessons to be learned!!! 17/34

18 Section 2 RIVER PLATE BASIN. R. PARAGUAY rises in the center of South America R. PARANA rises in Eastern Brazil Caceres Corumbá R.Paraguay flows into R.Parana at CONFLUENCIA North Argentina Together they form the Paraguay Parana waterway: H.P.P. Caceres to Nueva Palmira Wetland PANTANAL (Principal part Corumba Buenos Aires km) N.PALMIRA RIVER PLATE 18/34

19 Northern Area of Influence Very important production of soy-beans in Brazil. Now all going to the East. Example Parana Tieté. Future part via H.P.P.? Very important mineral deposits in Brazil and Bolivia: Mutum/Urucum mines. Iron- and manganese ores. 4 million tons Soy-beans from Bolivia and 6 milion tons soybeans Paraguay.Growing. 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

20 Greater Rosario 20/34

21 Greater Rosario. Fundamental for the Argentine economy: 75% to 80% of exports of grainand by-products. --- Total cargoes proj. Source BCR (2017) CAFYM (2017) CAFYM (2019) by barges tons tons tons ROSARIO million tons 34 feet draft to the Ocean Escobar / F.R.S.U. Plans must be made, that in the future the channels of the River Plate can offer safe navigation for all the existing and potential cargoes. 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

22 Section 3.1 The Outlet of the River System, the zone where all problems come together Very long / often narrow channels. Most 100m /one point in M.G.C. presently only 55m according to info P.N.A. Much sedimentation.high costs of dredging. Maintenance/upgrades. Design-vessel still Panamax/contract m LBPP x 32,2m beam. 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

23 Section 3.2 Ever bigger vessels, wider & more draft Bulk-carriers, many with 40m beam, Container-vessels, several with 48m beam, LNG-tankers Car-carriers General Cargo Cruise-vessels from end November to March. Ferries, Yachts and sailboats etc. 23/34

24 Section 3.3 Each type has its own problems Coast Guard (P.N.A.) has to coordinate traffic & make rules for safe navigation Must order many restictions for navigation. Reservation of channels for wide-beam & Cruise-vessels, L.N.G.-tankers. Waiting-times unavoidable But solutions must be found to solve these problems in the best possible way. 24/34

25 Section 3.4 Improvements in V.T.M.I.S. can reduce some of the restrictions for navigation. Several Cost-Benefit-studies have to be made. Trade-offs and simulations. Collaboration needed between Arg. & Ur. 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

26 Problems of the grain-vessels Empty: need roads, waiting their turn to berth. Loaded: Sail at the same time, reckoning with the high tide in the River Plate. This brings complications in the system. Should this be changed? Cost-benefit. Anyhow, grain-vessels need sufficient and well-located anchorages/waiting-areas. Therefore the study must begin up-river, in the different branches of the River Parana. 26/34

27 Channel Reservations: wide-beam & Cruise-vessels Bulkcarriers most affected category. Loading terminals are sometimes idle, waiting for the vessel that has been stopped far away from the terminal, because there are insufficient waiting-anchorages (roads) available. Escobar / F.R.S.U. 10 yrs ago: Normal time Rosario to Rec. 32 hrs. Delays of some hours. Few very long delays Now normal 36 hrs, very often delays several hrs. But extreme cases of up to 4 or 5 days have been registered. 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

28 Next Google map shows Route 1 = Primary outlet Guazú Bravo This branch was never dredged. Still it permits 33 feet safe draft. Several wide parts, with natural roads. North of km 120 of Martin Garcia Channel, 20 Panamaxes can safely anchor. Route 2. PPP.Narrow. Few roads available. 28/34

29 Google-map Delta of the River Paraná 1999 Martin Garcia Opened Pilots suggested one way. Only possible going in ballast to up river ports through Route 1 Loaded to sea thru Route 2. Emilio Mitre C. always deeper dredged 7/ SMART RIVERS /34

30 Escobar / F.R.S.U. Route2 More bigger ships will increase the need for channel-reservations. Many pilots believe that loaded vessels will have less delays if they come down R 1: More natural roads available. Route1 R 1 finishes North of La Plata. Less delays caused by LNG-tankers. If there would be doubts, simulations should be made. 30/34

31 Between km 62 and 78 hard bottom By- Pass suggested by Riovia S.A. Reazonable cost - estimate. If in the future Route 1 would be used for loaded vessels, a two way channel would be necessary. This by-pass would have to be constructed. 31/34

32 Collaboration needed But Martin Garcia channel is shared between Uruguay and Argentina and therefeore COLLABORATION IS NEEDED BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. This is the key. 32/34

33 Recent example of extreme delay Nord Maru Draft 10.55m (34 feet 10 inches) Sailed from G.R hrs Passed Recalada hrs Total 5 days 2 hrs. 33/34

34 Thank you for your attention. 34/34