Promotion of Disaster Resilient School Facilities

Transcription

1 Promotion of Disaster Resilient School Facilities December 10, 2014 Office for Disaster Prevention Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT)

2 1.Promotion Improvement in Earthquake Resistance of School Facilities 1

3 Damage to school facilities that are insufficient earthquake resistance The Great East Japan Earthquake 耐震未補強 insufficient earthquake resistance sufficient earthquake 耐震補強済 大きな被害無し resistance 柱の破壊 collapse of pillars 2

4 Summary of Revision of the Act on Special Measures concerning Earthquake Disaster Management Raised the governmental subsidy proportion to improve earthquake resistance(public school) <After revised in June 2008> IS 1 is less than 0.3(reinforcement) (1/3 2/3 ) IS is more than 0.3(reinforcement) (1/3 1/2 ) IS is less than 0.3(renovation) 2(1/3 1/2 ) 1 IS: seismic index of structure 2 renovation of buildings which cannot be reinforced because of concrete strength. Period of raised the governmental subsidy proportion Extended period of raised the governmental subsidy proportion(in March 2011) The period is March

5 Target completion of earthquake resistance Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education (June 14, 2013 Government of Japan) Part 2: Educational Policies to be Implemented in the Coming Five Years Basic Measure 19 Enhancement of the educational and research environments and ensuring students safety in schools Improving the rate of earthquake-resistance of public school facilities based on the Basic Policy on the Improvement of School Facilities, aiming for early completion of earthquake resistance by March Improving university earthquake resistance rates: Concerning national universities, based on the third Five-Year Program for Facilities of National Universities, we shall aim for early completion of earthquake resistance. Regarding private schools, we aim to be able to complete earthquake resistance as early as possible, in taking into consideration the situation of earthquake resistance public schools and national schools. 4

6 The rate of earthquake-resistance (public elementary and junior high school) The remaining number of buildings The rate of earthquakeresistance

7 Budget of public school maintenance 区分 要求 4,500 億円 , ( 億円 ) (238) (152) (882) (197) (200) (184) (560) (280) (587) (1,107) (1,111) (1,119) (2,778) (1,177) (340) (1,884) (1,506) 予算 2,478 2,092 1,878 1,731 1,638 1,610 1,619 1,402 1,452 1,311 1,221 1,039 1,042 1,051 1,051 1, ,246 1,271 1,271 3,450 ( 注 ) 上段 ( ) 書きは補正予算等で外数 ( 平成 13 年度 20 年度 21 年度 25 年度は中段が1 次補正 上段が2 次補正 (21 年度については執行停止額 ) 22 年度及び24 年度は中段が補正 上段が予備費 平成 23 年度は中段が1 次補正 上段が3 次補正 ) 平成 24 年度予備費は経済危機対応 地域活性化予備費 (149 億円 ) と東日本大震災復興特別会計予備費 (581 億円 ) の合算 (One hundred million yen) 4,000 3,500 予備費 Reserve fund 補正予算等 Supplementary budget 当初予算 Initial budget 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, 要求 6

8 Effort of promotion of earthquake resistance 7 Effort of MEXT The Act on Special Measures concerning Earthquake Disaster Management obliges local government to execute the seismic diagnosis and announce the result of the diagnosis. In press release in ever year, we release positive local government about promotion of earthquake resistance or negative. To lower local government of progress to earthquake resistance, the Minister of MEXT send letter for accelerate to promotion of earthquake resistance. Directly, we visit mayor in lower local government about earthquake resistance, we request to accelerate to promotion of earthquake resistance. Effort of local government Although in limited resource, local government decide that top priority is school earthquake resistance. Local government make project team of school earthquake resistance. Not renovation, but reinforcement in chance of repair.

9 8 2.Ideal State of Disaster Resilient School Facilities -Tsunami protection measures and enhancement of the disaster protection function as shelter-

10 Part 1 Ideal State of School Facilities in the Area Entailing the Risk of a Tsunami Disaster Chapter 1 Examination of the Damage to School Facilities Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake 1. Property damage to schools caused by the earthquake Widespread damage, proven effect of seismic reinforcement, importance of earthquake protection measures for nonstructural members 2. Damage to school facilities caused by the tsunami Many schools that are not in an area where flooding by tsunami was predicted were actually flooded by the tsunami (69 schools) 3. Relationship between the location conditions of school facilities and tsunami damage Schools at the same elevation and the same distance from the coast suffered or did not suffer damage depending on their geography (ria coast: A in the figure; plain: B in the figure). It is important to understand the geography Surrounding the school in addition to the elevation and the distance from the coast. Elevation (m) A Children, etc. evacuated to the rooftop B (N = 332) Damage Damage No No damage damage Distance (km) Relationship between tsunami damage and location conditions (elevation and distance from the coast) of public elementary and lower secondary schools in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures 9

11 Damage to school facilities by tsunami (The Great East Japan Earthquake) 10 School building that had been engulfed by a tsunami up to the 3rd floor Wall is lost due to water pressure

12 Chapter 2 Ideal State of School Facilities in the Area with the Risk of Tsunami Disaster 1. Basic concept of tsunami protection measures for school facilities Tsunami protection measures for school facilities may include evacuation to an elevated area or a tsunami evacuation building in the vicinity, evacuation to the rooftop or upper floors of the school building, etc., relocation to an elevated area and construction of a tall building. When considering tsunami protection measures, it is important to have an accurate understanding of the location conditions of the school (elevation of the premises, distance from the coast or river bank, past reach of tsunami, topography and presence/absence of tall buildings in the vicinity, assumed arrival time of tsunami, etc.) 2. Selecting safety measures against tsunami Select measures from the following options in the light of the location conditions of the school facilities: evacuation to an elevated area or a tsunami evacuation building in the vicinity, evacuation to the rooftop or upper floors of the school building, etc., relocation to an elevated area and construction of a tall building. If it is difficult to implement effective tsunami protection measures through facilities development, it is important to ensure safe evacuation by taking sufficient measures including evacuation drills. Emergency path connecting the 2 nd floor to the municipal road Outdoor escape stairs Plan for relocation to an elevated area 11

13 Part 2 Ideal State of School Facilities Used as an Evacuation Shelter of the Community Chapter 1 Examination of the Issues Emerged from the Experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake 1. School facilities played the role of an evacuation shelter They were used by a large number of evacuees for a long period of time 2. Use of school facilities that served as an evacuation shelter and issues involved There were problems with toilets, heating equipment, etc. Use of facilities as shelters caused problems for resumption of school activities. 学校数 ( 校 ) Number of schools March 11 3 月 11 日 622 March 17 3 月 17 日 April 11 4 月 11 日 May 11 5 月 11 日 June 10 6 月 10 日 July 11 7 月 11 日 August 8 8 月 08 日 September 12 9 月 12 日 October 月 13 日 November 月 10 日 学校 Schools Education facilities other than schools 文教施設 ( 学校以外 ) その他施設 Other facilities /20 4/10 5/8 6/12 7/10 8/15 Number of the schools used as a shelter at the time of the earthquake Change in the average number of people accommodated in shelters in Iwate Prefecture 12

14 Changes in school conditions as evacuation shelter 1 2 The day after the disaster (March 12, 2011) The number of evacuees on the evening of the day of the disaster was about 1,000 (1.0m2/person) 3 4 About two months after the disaster (May 9, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 500 (2.0m2/person) About three months after the disaster (June 11, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 340 (3.0m2/person) 1:Photo provided by Rikuzentakata Board of Education 2~4:Photo provided by Jun Ueno, a member of the committee About four months after the disaster (July 9, 2011) The number of evacuees: about 190 (5.5m2/person) 13

15 Chapter 2 Ideal State of School Facilities as Evacuation Shelters of the Community 14 Necessary functions for each of the four stages from the beginning of the disaster to dissolution of the shelter are organized as follows. It is important to equip the school with functions necessary as a shelter beforehand because it would be difficult to develop facilities and equipment necessary for a shelter after the occurrence of a disaster. Lifesaving/ evacuation stage (just after the evacuation); Life-securing stage (for several days after the evacuation) Ensuring sheltered-life stage (several weeks after the disaster) School function resuming stage (several months after the disaster) Social situation Situations at the shelter Necessary functions Space necessary for a shelter Occurrence of tsunami disrupted lifelines and disconnected information communication Arrival of relief supplies Gradual restoration of lifelines and information communication Local residents evacuated to school Opening of emergency evacuation shelter operated by the municipality Securing subsistence at the shelter Transition to the operation by a self-governing organization; start of volunteer activities transition to sound living at the shelter Resumption of school activities (Coexistence of emergency evacuation functions and school functions) Dissolution of the shelter; normalization Basic conditions of school facilities Earthquake protection (including that for nonstructural members, fire resistance Barrier free environment, thermal insulation Functions necessary for a shelter (for emergency) Information communication Power source, gas, toilet Stockpile of food, drinking water, etc. Living/operation spaces Spaces dedicated to students with disability, the elderly, expectant and nursing mothers, infectious disease patients, etc. Cooking/changing spaces Space to store relief supplies

16 Part 3 Measures by the National Government 1Revision of the relevant provisions of the Guidelines for Designing School Facilities 2Actual state identification, Public awareness raising 3Financial support for enhancement of the disaster protection functions Develop escape 高台に逃げる paths to evacuate to an elevated area 避難階段を整備 On 安全な高台に立地 a safe elevated area Develop 高台に逃げる escape stairs 避難路を整備 to evacuate to an elevated area Relocation to an 高台へ移転 elevated area 凡例 Legend 津波からの Emergency tsunami 緊急避難場所 evacuation site Tsunami evacuation 津波避難ビル building Evacuation shelter 避難所 Areas entailing a high probability of flooding 浸水想定区域 Evacuation direction 避難の方向 Evacuation 近隣の津波避難 to a tsunami evacuation ビルに避難 building in the vicinity Evacuation to the rooftop of 校舎の屋上に避難 the school building Image of safety measures against tsunami 15

17 Reference (Report, examples, Guideline, etc) 16

18 17 Prevention disaster Ideal State of Disaster-Resilient School Facilities Tsunami protection measures and enhancement of disaster prevention function as evacuation shelter March 2014 Committee for Research Studies on the Visions of School Facilities Urgent Recommendation Concerning School Facility Improvement in Light of the Damage Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake July 2011 Investigative Commission on School Facility Improvement in Light of the Damage Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake Protecting Children from Falling and Tumbling Objects due to an Earthquake Guidebook for Earthquake Protection for Nonstructural Members of School Facilities March 2010 The MEXT Seismic Retrofitting Quick Reference School Facilities that Withstand Earthquakes Examples of Seismic Retrofitting September 2006 The MEXT Guidelines for Promotion of Earthquake-resistance School Building July 2003 The MEXT

19 18 others Countermeasures against the Deterioration of School Facilities Promotion of the Lifespan Extension of School Facilities March 2013 Committee for Research Studies on the Visions of School Facilities A Collection of Exemplary Design of Elementary and Junior High School Facilities Based on the Revision of Guidelines for Designing Elementary and Junior High School Facilities June 2010 A project commissioned by the MEXT Aiming for Environmentally-Friendly Facilities (Eco-Schools) Renovation at Every School Collection of Case Examples to Make Existing School Facilities More Ecological May 2010 The MEXT Anthology of Ideas for Creating New School Facilities ~ Achieving Fulfilling Educational Activities and an Enriched School Life ~ January 2010 The MEXT Barrier-free School Facility Promotion Guideline March, 2004 The MEXT