POLICY PLANNING AND GOVERNANCEOFOF BIHAR

Transcription

1 POLICY PLANNING AND GOVERNANCEOFOF BIHAR APRIL INDIA AT A GLANCE BIHAR Population 1130 M Land area 2,973,190 sq.km. States : 29 Union Territories: 6 Districts: 593 Coast line 7,000 km Water 314,400 sq.km. Birth rate 22.69/1000 Death rate 6.58 /

2 RE BIRTH OF BIHAR 1. Bodhic revolution from the time of Nalanda University. 2. From that time upto 1980 s, it was a centre of attraction, pride and played an important t part. 3. The first President Dr. Rajendra Prasad from this state. 4. Now,itmaybeapoorest state in terms of literacy, per capita income, below the poverty line, 12% urbanization & lack of CHARACTER INFRASTRUCTURE. 5. Lack of other infrastructure ( Physical, Social, Economic, Ecological). Day by day its reputation gone down, but since last 5 years the graph is towards progress. 3 PART I USEFUL DATA PART II POLICY PLANNING & GOVERNANCE 4 2

3 37 DISTRICTS : (1) Siwan, (2) Gopalganj, (3) Saran, (4) Nawada, (5) Madhubani, (6) PART I USEFUL DATA Kishanganj, (7) GAYA, (8) Aurangabad, (9) Muzaffarpur, (10) Jehanbad, (11) Samastipur, (12) Lakhisarai, (13) Vaishali, (14) Sheikhpura, (15) Supaul, (16) Katihar, (17) Jamui, (18) Purnia, (19) Araria, (20) NALANDA, (21) Madhepura, (22) Darbhanga, (23) Begusarai, (24) Saharsa, (25) Rohtas, (26) Banka, (27) Kaimur, (28) Buxar, (29) West Champaran, (30) Bhojpur, (31) East Champaran, (32) Sheohar, (33) Sitamarhi, (34) Khagaria, (35) Munger, (36) Bhagalpur and (37) PATNA 5 PERFORMANCE, FACTS AND FIGURES PRESENT & PREDICTED PARAMETERS AT A GLANCE 2002 Present 2020 Proposed Percentage of population below poverty line Male adult literacy rate (%) Female adult literacy rate (%) Electrical power consumption per capita (KWh) , Telephones per 1,000 population Personal computers per 1,000 population If 2020 targets are achieved; it will be a very good progress. Let us concentrate on these targets. Source: India Vision 2020, Planning Commission GoI,

4 3. IMPORTANT INDICATORS 3.1 Population below POVERTY LINE in rural areas Bihar 42.1 India 28.3 Population below POVERTY LINE in urban areas Bihar 34.6 India LITERACY RATE 2001 Bihar 47.5 India 65.4 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE Sex ratio Female per thousand number 2001 Bihar 919 India Proportion of urban population 2001 Bihar 10.5 India Electrified villages 2001 Bihar 71 India 86 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 8 4

5 3.6 Per capita state income at current prices (Rs.) Bihar 6,396 9,765 India 16,688 33,299 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.7 INFRASTRUCTURE Density of roads (road length per 1,000 sq km of area) Bihar India NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE ROAD CONNECTIVITY Habitations not connected by road (in per cent) 2008 Bihar 62.4 All India State Median 30.1 NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE DENSITY OF MOTOR VEHICLES PER LAKH OF POPULATION, 2004 Number of total Registered motor vehicles Bihar 858 India 6,753 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.10 RAILWAYS, Rail route per 1,000 sq km Bihar 35 All India State median 19 NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 10 5

6 3.11 Penetration of two wheelers & cars per lakh of pop.2004 Number of cars Number of two wheelers Bihar India 675 4, Electricity consumption Per capita consumption of electricity (kwh) Bihar 45 India Cement consumption per capita Cement consumption (kg) Bihar 48 India 122 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE Postal network, 2005 Number of post offices per lakh of population Bihar 10 All India State average 18 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.15 Telephones and cellular phones, 2007 (per 100 people) Telephone Mobile phones Bihar All India state average NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.16 Share of primary sector in employment (in per cent) Bihar 74.0 India 57.3 NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 12 6

7 3.17 Share of secondary sector in employment (in per cent) Bihar 12.9 India Share of services sector in employment (in per cent) Bihar 13.1 India Work participation rate for males (in per cent) 2005 Bihar 47.3 India 51.6 NOTE: BELOW NATIONAL AVERAGE Work participation rate for females (in per cent) 2005 Bihar 22.7 India Number of enterprises and average annual growth rate Number of enterprises Average annual growth 2005 Number rate of enterprises (in per cent) % Bihar 1,289, All India state average 1,203, NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 14 7

8 3.22 Number of rural enterprises & average annual growth rate Average annual growth in rural enterprises (in per cent) Bihar 4.5 All India state average No. of urban enterprises & average annual growthrate rate Average annual growth in urban enterprises (in per cent) Bihar 0.5 All India state average Employment in organized sector & annual min. wages Annual minimum wages (Rs.) 2004 Bihar 16,470 All India state average 22,627 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 15 SOCIAL PROFILE IN NUMBERS 3.25 Birth Rate per 1,000 (2006) Total Rural Urban Bihar India Income distribution of households, 2006 (in per cent) Rich Middle Poor Bihar India NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 16 8

9 EDUCATION 3.28 Literacy rate (in per cent) Bihar 38.5* 47.0 India Literacy rate for female (in per cent) Bihar India Literacy rate for males (in per cent) 2001 Bihar 59.7 India 75.3 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE Share of expenditure on education to total disbursements (in per cent) (Budget Estimates) Bihar India NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.32 Expenditure (Rs. Per person) of the education department on elementary education for children of age group (6 14 years) (Budget Estimates) Bihar 1,393 India 2,698 NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 18 9

10 3.33 Gross dropout ratio in primary classes (I VIII), (in %) Total Bihar India NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.34 Number of teachers per 100 students in higher education Bihar 5 India 4 NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE Expenditure on medical and public health and family welfare as ratio to aggregate disbursements (in %) (Budget Estimates) Bihar 4.1 India 4.1 NOTE: EQUAL TO NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.36 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births Rural Urban Bihar India NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 20 10

11 3.37 Household access to piped drinking water (in per cent) Urban Rural Bihar India NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.38 Households having access to piped sanitation services, (in % ) Urban Rural Bihar India NOTE: BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE 3.39 Slumpopulation p in Urban areas, 2001 Ratio of slum population to total urban population (in per cent) Bihar 6.1 India 15.0 NOTE: ABOVE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE Number of universities/deemed universities/institutions of national importance Bihar 19 India Number of arts, science and commerce colleges Bihar 743 India 10, Numberof engineering, technical & arch. colleges Bihar 7 India 1,

12 3.43 Number of medical colleges Bihar 23 India Number of seats available in engineering Bihar 5,156 India 418, ENVIRONMENT 3.45 Total forest cover, 2005 Forest area (percentage of total area) Bihar 6.9 India Wasteland areas, 2005 Ratio of wastelands (percentage of total areas) Bihar 6 India Total police strength, 2006 Police Strength Ratio of civil police to total police (in per cent) Bihar 51, India 1,406,

13 4. DECLARATION BY HON BLE CM ON Now, there is proper Law & Order in the state and the city is not only alive in the evening but in night too. 4.2 Out of 2544 schemes, 1073 are completed. Otherswill also be completed. These are of bridges, solving problems of Traffic & Transportation 4.3 Hon ble Chief Minister of Bihar has a dream to make Patna a city of parks aswasintheearlierdaysi.e. before independent of the country DEVELOPMENT OF SUB STANDARD AREAS : (i) Up liftment of their socio economic and cultural activities. (ii) Allotment of residential land to EWS. (iii) Provision of housing, drinking water, toilets & basic facilities. (iv) Community hall cum library () (v) T.V. in community hall (vi) Friendly relation between different sections of the society

14 4.5 GOVT. HAVE ALREADY STARTED SCHEMES (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Sale of residential land. Housing for EWS. Supply of ration to EWS. Toilets to EWS. Special schools & colleges for EWS CM Women s development scheme Work sheds along community hall Resource centre for education training at district BASIC DISTRICT PROFILE OF PATNA, GAYA & NALANDA 5.1 Area and population, 2006 District Area (Sq.km) Population Urban population (in per cent) Patna 3,202 5,395, Gaya 4,976 3,963, Nalanda 2,355 2,582, Per capita rural and urban income and market size, 2006 District Per capita income in Per capita income in urban areas (Rs) rural areas (Rs) Patna 39,384 16,603 Gaya 25,740 11,748 Nalanda 23,093 19,

15 5.3 Penetration of electricity, television and telephone in households, 2006 (in per cent) District Households having Households Households electricity owning TV owning telephone Patna Gaya Nalanda Penetration of two wheelers and four wheelers in households, 2006 (in per cent) District Households owning Households owning two wheeler four wheeler Patna Gaya Nalanda Households with water closest or latrines, 2001 (in % ) District Rural Urban Total Patna Gaya Nalanda

16 IMPORTANT PLACE TO BE VISITED 31 PATNA Agam Kuan (Unfathomable well) Bari Patan Devi Temple Bihar Institute of Handicraft and Design Chhoti Patan Devi Temple Dargah Sharif Golgarh Gandhi Sangrahalaya Gulzarbagh Gandhi Maidan Kargil Memorial Mahatma Gandhi Setu Patna City Museum 32 16

17 GAYA Akshaya Vat Temple Brahmayogi Hill (Brahmajuni Hill) Mangla Gauri Pretshila Hill (8 km northwest) Ramshila Hill Sun God Temple Surya Kund Vishnupad Temple (The food prints of Lord Vishnu 33 GAYA EXCURSIONS Bodh Gaya Bodhi Tree Chankramana Dungeswari Mahabodhi Temple Pragbodhi Bakraur Animesh Lochan Chaitya Bodhi Sarovar Dharmaranya Great Buddha Statue Monasteries Barabar Caves Chhota Nagpur Plateau 34 17

18 NALANDA The ruins of the Nalanda University The Hiuen Tsang Memorial Hall The Surya Mandir The Nalanda Museum The Nav Nalanda Vihar Kundalpur Rajgir (19 km from Nalanda) 35 PART 2 6. POLICYPLANNING AND ITS GOVERNANCE 36 18

19 6.1 SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE 38 19

20 6.3 GOVERNANCE IS SUPER ADMINISTRATION Process of decision making, its implementation & feed back IN TIME. It covers Administration, Management, Coordination, Integration, Evaluation & Monitoring of Human, Nature, Networks, Structures & Society at Macro, Meso & Micro level of different land uses WITH CHARACTER INFRASTRUCTURE GOVERNANCE INCLUDES VARIOUS ACTIONS, PROCESSES & INSTITUTIONS, (FORMAL AND INFORMAL). Not exclusively by Govt. & its organizations but also by Private Sectors, NGOs & Public at Large

21 1 Consensus Oriented 7 Effective & Efficient 6.5 Characteristics of Good Governance 8 FACTORS 3 Transparent 5 Equitable & Inclusive Components of Governance 6 Monitoring Feedback 7 Object/Project 3 Coordination n 42 21

22 6.7 THEORY OF GOVERANCE To govern (Human activities) Living Working Enjoying FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE R & 5 Basic Elements Human D Nature Society (inc. character) Network Structure The FRAMEWORK can be tackled with proper Planning (Physical & Financial), Coordination, Integration, Evaluation, Monitoring, Control & Governance with Private & Public participation in different Socio Economic sectors

23 6.9 (CHARACTER INFRASTRUCTURE) LINKS WITH Micro Level(Character Infrastructure) TO PURIFY THE IDEA PHYSICALLY, MENTALLY AND SPIRITUALLY AND TO WIPEOUT / ERADICATE THE NEGATIVE MENTAL TENDENCIES SUCH AS (i) Anger (Krodh), (ii) Greed (Lobh), (iii) Lust (Kaamna), (iv) Jealousy (Irshya), (v) Fear (Bhaya), (vi) Deceit (Kapat), (vii) Rivalry (Virodhbhav), (viii) Malice (Dwesh bhav), (ix) Hatred (Ghrina), (x) Hypocrisy (Pakhand), (xi) Violence (Hinsa), (xii) Selfishness (Swarth), (xiii) Ego (Ahenkar), (xiv) Partiality (Bhedbhav), (xv) Arrogance (Dambh) and (xvi) Obstinacy (Hatth)etc. 45 TO INSPIRE THEM TO IMBIBE / ENHANCE HUMAN VALUES SUCH AS (i) Love (Prem), () (ii) Truth (Satya), y (iii) Compassion (Daya), y (iv) Tolerance (Sahishnuta), (v) Purity (Shudh), (vi) Selfness Service (Seva bhav), (vii) Self Sacrifice (Tyag), (viii) Self control (Sanyam), (ix) Serenity (Shanti), (x) Fortitude (Dhairya), (xi) Forgiveness (Kshamabhav), (xii) Contentment (Santosh), (xiii) Curiosity (Jigyasa), (xiv) Asceticism (Tap) and (xv) Generosity (Udarata) etc

24 TO ASSIST THEM IN DEVELOPING QUALITIES WHICH MAY TRANSFORM THEM INTO IDEAL AND EXCELLENT PERSONALITIES SUCH AS: (i) Sublime (Tejasvi), (ii) Judicious (Nayay sammat), (iii) Disciplined (Anushashit), h hi (iv) Cultured d(susanskrit), k i (v) ()Bl Balanced d(santulit), (i) (vi) Cheerful (Anandit), (vii) Positive thinking (Sakaratmak soch), (viii) Industrious (Udyami), (ix) Duty conscious (Kartavya Nisth), (x) Modest (Vinaysheel), (xi) Discreet (Viveksheel), (xii) Responsible (Uttardai), (xiii) Self confident (Atam vishwaasi), (xiv) Dedicated (Samarpit), (xv) Resolute (Dradh), (xvi) Energetic (Urjawan), (xvii) Dynamic (Gatisheel), (xix) Courageous (Saahasi), (xx) Harmonious (Milansaar), (xxi) Hospitable (Athitisatkari) and (xxii) Broad Mined (Vishaal Hrdiay) Meso level (Character Infrastructure) 1. Education (Academic, Technical, Professional & Vocational) 2. Moral and spiritual education 3. Health (Individual & Public Health) 4. Security (Police) 5. Safety (Fire) 6. Justice; Courts at different levels 7. Shelter for EWS, LIG, MIG, HIG and elite 8. Recreation at neighborhood, Sector, Zone, City & Regional level 48 24

25 6.9.3 Macro Level (Character Infrastructure) Physical Infrastructure Water, Sewerage, Drainage, Roads, Parks, Solid Waste Management, Power, Tl Telecommunication i Traffic & Transportation Infrastructure - Road, Railways, MRTS (Metro, Mono Rail & Light Rail), Water ways & Airways, parking areas at various levels Ecological Infrastructure Tostop&controlwater, air, noise & soil pollution Economic Infrastructure To increase & control per capita income & GDP Emergency Infrastructure - Floods, Earthquake, draught & tsunami TO GET BETTER CHARACTER (Quality & Quantity) INTEGRATE MIND + BODY + SOUL = To make Complete Human This is irrespective of religion & Circumstances 50 25

26 6.11 DEVELOPMENT OF BIHAR FIVE POINTS FORMULA Start from the backward/depressed/empty areas which would be demarcated by: i. Physical features like rivers, canals, water bodies, water falls, streams, large ponds; ii. Desert areas & barren lands; iii. Mountainous areas, if any; iv. iv. Forests, Regional Land use namely agriculture, large industrial areas, urbanized areas and settlements Divide the entire system of Governance into following two distinct parts: Part One: Planning, development, construction, management & maintenance of Infrastructure Part Two: Coordination, Integration, Evaluation & Monitoring of Infrastructure Create I.T. Parks in each district Revival of Nalanda University 52 26

27 Create Growth Centres 1 Growth Points & Basic Villages 1 Growth Centres (i) Shopping on a bigger scale, (ii) Mandi (collecting and distributing center); (iii) Large community hall/panchayat Ghar; (iv) Post Office with telegraph facilities; (v) Primary, middle & senior secondary school; (vi) Dispensary / hospital; (vii) Administrative office of the Block Development Officer; (viii) Office of the Irrigation Department, (ix) Police Station or Police Post, (x) Banks, (xi) Cinema; (xii) Library; (xiii) Parks/playgrounds; (xiv) Storage for pesticides/insecticides and fertilizers; (xv) Veterinary hospital and dairy colony; (xvi) Potable water supply; (xvii) Domestic and industrial power; (xviii) Industrial Estate and bus terminal. Type of Industries Small machine shop, workshop for welding, electro plating, small scale hosiery goods, cotton spinning and weaving, dyeing, trunk and suitcase making, tailoring and ready made garments, fruit and vegetable storage and canning, earthen pottery, footwear, dairy and carpets, wire products, paper envelops, cardboards, button, combs, hair clips, diary and its products. 53 primary, secondary and tertiary level facilities to take care of 10 to 20 km. catchments / hinterland areas. These Growth Centre should have strong good socio economic magnet to attract nearby population. In the 2 nd hierarchy would be Growth Points 2 consisting only of primary & secondary activities to 2 Growth Points: (i) Shopping on a medium scale; (ii) Posts and telegraph office; (iii) Primary, and middle school; (iv) Library/club/adult education center; (v) Seed/Grain/fertilizer storage; (vi) Cooperative societies management office; (vii) Police post/police station; (viii) Veterinary Centre/Veterinary hospital; (ix) A small service center; (x) Primary health center/dispensary; (xi) Playgrounds, gathering places and religious places; (xii) Drinking water, electricity and sewerage facilities and (xiii) Community hall Type of Industries Flour Mill (Atta Chaki), Oil Kohlu, dal processing, manufacturing of Khandsari, wooden toys, blacksmithy, tin smithy, rope making, repair shops, basket making, bullock cart, wire products and earthen pottery

28 control population of catchment area between 5 to 8km. In the 3 rd and last hierarchy would be Basic Villages consisting of only primary activities. 3 Basic Villages Each would serve only to the existing abadi area with 8 to 10 shops, community hall/chopal, primary school, sub post office, panchayat ghar, adult reading room, small gathering place, park, playground and open space, community water hydrants, latrines and electricity LOCATION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS 9 Urban Agglomeration/ 130 Towns with reference to State Highways, National Highways & Railway lines with relation to 38 districts. So far, there are 3 main Urban Settlements. Others will also be planned, developed, constructed and managed Area Population Urban population p (S.Km.) (Lacs) (%) 1. Patna Gaya Nalanda

29 LOCATION OF TRUNK INFRASTRUCTURE AND TO MAKE THEM AVAILABLE 1. Physical water lines & treatment plants, sewer lines & disposal plants, High tension lines, pylons, large storm water drains, rivers, canals 2. Circulation: Roads, Railways, Airways & Waterways 3. Social Universities & Colleges, large Hospitals, Fire stations, Courts, 4. Ecological Waste lands, Marcy lands, Mountains, and lands which can not be used 5. Economic Shopping centres; Govt.; Semi Govt. offices RE PLANNING, RE DEVELOPMENT & RE CONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING URBAN & RURAL AREAS; SPECIALLY SUB STANDARD AREAS Public Private Partnership Use TDR (Transfer of Development Right) Higher FAR along main traffic routes Transparency via websites 58 29

30 THANK YOU, R.G.GUPTA Specialist in Urban Planning in the Committee of MCD Coopted Member of Delhi Vidhan Sabha; BLS. B.Sc (Agra University), B.Arch (G.Md.) IIT. Roorkee, MCA, Masters Degree in Urban Planning from SPA (Delhi). P.G.Dip, ( Regional Development Planning ) Netherlands, F.I.E, F.I.T.P., F.I.I.A., F. AMDA. Member IRC, IBC, IIPA, IIRS, ISRS, IRTI, CIT; Member of IUT Director UICT; Dir. UPS: Dir. R.G. MP Pvt. Ltd., MD GNHS: Ex Consultant CBSE, Ex Secretary DTTG, Ex Member Planning GGS IPU, Ex. A. Comm. Planning DDA; Ex Consultant DSIDC; DTTDC; DAMB; Slum Deptt., DLLPC;. Ex. Advisor NCR PB, Ex. Consultant in Urban Planning and Infrastructure Development to Delhi Jal Board Delhi Govt in 1998,. Ex. Sr..P. Secy. JC PPV (Joint Parliament Committee on Protection of Plant Varieties & Farmer s Rights) in Parliament. Member of Expert Committee on Lal Dora and Extended Lal Dora By GOI; MOUD (DD) Macro Level Policy and Financial Planner UPS Campus, Block A, Preet Vihar, Delhi 92. Tel. No ; Mobile No E Mail: ram_gopal_gupta@yahoo.co.inwebsite