International Flight Planning Factors LESSON 09 OUTLINE

Transcription

1 International Flight Planning Factors LESSON 09 OUTLINE I. Introduction A. Overview B. Objectives II. Pre-flight Planning Strategies for Mitigating Contingencies A. Policies, Procedures and Training B. Hazardous Weather C. Oxygen Requirements D. WGS-84 E. Exercise: ACN/PCN F. Impact of Solar Events III. Regulations for Hazardous Weather Conditions A. 14 CFR Part Aircraft Dispatcher Information to Pilot in Command - Domestic and Flag Operations B. 14 CFR Part : Facilities and Services - Supplemental Operations C. 14 CFR Part Pre-flight Action D. 14 CFR Part Weather Reports and Forecasts. E. Annex 2 Chapter IV. Video: Volcanic Ash Avoidance A. Introduction B. Discussion V. Volcanic Ash Information A. Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan (VACP) B. Anticipated Pilot Issues When Encountering Volcanic Ash C. EUR/NAT VACP D. Skybrary E. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) F. Exercise: Flight Planning VI. Summary A. Review B. Objectives C. Preview Oceanic and International Operations Page 1 of 20

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3 SL-1-FPF SL-2-FPF SL-3-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 3 of 20

4 SL-4-FPF SL-5-FPF SL-6-FPF Remember to consult with your Regional NextGen SAO Specialist and with a Dispatch Inspector. Oceanic and International Operations Page 4 of 20

5 Exercise: ACN/PCN Purpose: This exercise will show one of many issues that must be considered when selecting airports. Directions: The instructor will lead the exercise. First by reviewing the explanation of the ACN/PCN then by working with you to answer the three questions using the information provided. ACN/PCN Explanation References: ICAO Annex 14 Aerodromes AC 150/ Standardized Method for Reporting Airport Pavement Strength PCN provides guidance for using the standardized ICAO method, called Aircraft Classification Number Pavement Classification Number (ACN-PCN) method, to report runway, taxiway and apron pavement strength. Note: The ICAO ACN/PCN classification number is the only approved method for reporting pavement strength. ACN- Aircraft Classification Number - expresses the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement of a specific strength. PCN Pavement Classification Number - expresses the bearing strength of pavement for unrestricted operations. These numbers allow an operator to determine if an airport surface is adequate for the proposed aircraft. Each airport has three AN numbers: one for runways, taxiways and ramps. The ACN is located in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). The PCN is published in the country s AIP. Oceanic and International Operations Page 5 of 20

6 Exercise: ACN/PCN, cont. Answer the questions below using the tables on the following pages: Note: BIKF is Keflavik, Iceland Question 1 In Table 1, in the Aircraft Model column look at the B ER. Use max weight of 188,200 lbs. Move right to the column ACN for Rigid Pavement Subgrades. Under the High 150 column, what is the ACN? Question 2 Go to Table 2, BIKF AD 2.12 Runway Physical Characteristics. Under the column Designations RWY NR, find 02. Move right to the column Strength (PCN) and surface of RWY and SWY. What is the PCN number? Question 3 Can the B ER land at BIKF? Oceanic and International Operations Page 6 of 20

7 Exercise: ACN/PCN, cont. ACN/PCN Data Table 1 Oceanic and International Operations Page 7 of 20

8 Exercise: ACN/PCN, cont. ACN/PCN Data, cont. Table 2 Oceanic and International Operations Page 8 of 20

9 SL-7-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 9 of 20

10 Impact of Solar Events on ARINC Communication Here is an example of an ARINC Communication: Fifty-three (53) NOAA SEC ALERT messages were received by Rockwell Collins ARINC between 01 and 30 June 2015: 08Jun15 09Jun 10Jun 11Jun 12Jun 13Jun 14Jun 15Jun 16Jun 17Jun 18Jun 19Jun 20Jun 21Jun 22Jun 23Jun 24Jun 25Jun 26Jun 27Jun 28Jun 29Jun 30Jun 4 ALERTS 1 ALERT 2 ALERTS 2 ALERTS 1 ALERT, 1 ALERT, 6 ALERTS, 12 ALERTS 1 ALERT 6 ALERTS, 1 ALERT The San Francisco/SFO Rockwell Collins ARINC Radio Communication Center reported: 18Jun Z thru 2000Z, light to moderate solar activity affecting the CEP and NOP HF groups caused the ROs to move to higher frequencies with minimal impact to operations. No messages were delayed or undelivered. At 1800Z moderate to severe solar activity was noted in the Polar region with no impact to operations as the ROs had moved to higher frequencies and had very little problem communicating with flights. 22Jun Z thru 1900Z, moderate to severe impact in the CEP, SOP, and CWP. Traffic was very heavy especially in the CEP and the ROs changed to higher HF frequencies. Numerous aircraft were utilizing Sat-Voice to relay position reports as they were unable on HF. Two ATCCs, 1 time restriction report, and 9 position reports were delayed due to the solar activity. The NOP utilized with no impact to traffic in this area. Severe to extreme solar flare activity started about 1815Z, primarily pole-ward from 50N and is expected to end by 2100Z. Oceanic and International Operations Page 10 of 20

11 Impact of Solar Events on ARINC Communication, cont. The New York/NYC Rockwell Collins ARINC Radio Communication Center reported: 21Jun Z: Due Solar Alert, NAT-A/E moved up to 11330, CAR-A to 11396, and CAR-B to primary secondary. Signals are weaker but all reports are being copied. Minimal impact to operations. 22Jun Z thru 1915Z solar activity severely disrupted HF comms. The ROs used their highest frequencies and Sat-Voice to maintain contact with flights. Overall, 9 ATC messages were affected, 7 were cancelled by ATC, 1 was delivered late, and 1 was not delivered. 5 aircraft used Sat-Voice to maintain comms. 23Jun Z Solar activity severely disrupted comms with ROs using highest HF frequencies and Sat-Voice to maintain contact with flights. 3 ATCR messages were delayed and 3 ATC SIGMET messages were delivered late. Signals were poorest at 1430Z and then began to improve. By 1600Z CAR signals had improved but NAT signal quality was still very poor. By 1800Z the solar impact had cleared. 25Jun Z Significant solar impact caused ROs to use higher (up to 21 megs) and lower than normal frequencies. Overall, 3 ATC SIGMET messages were delivered late. Solar activity of a lesser degree continued throughout the day and subsided after 2400Z. Best regards. 02Jul Z NYC HF Families/Groups- CAR-A Caribbean Family A CAR-B Caribbean Family B CAR-A/B Caribbean Family A/B LDOC Long Distance Operational Control (Non-ATC, Company HF) NAT-A North Atlantic Family A NAT-A/E North Atlantic Family A/E NAT-E North Atlantic Family E SFO HF Families/Groups CEP-1 Central East Pacific-1 CEP-2 Central East Pacific-2 CEP-3 Central East Pacific-3 CWP-1 Central West Pacific-1 CWP-2 Central West Pacific-2 LDOC Long Distance Operational Control (Non-ATC, Company HF) NP-1 North Pacific-1 NP-2 North Pacific-2 SP South Pacific Oceanic and International Operations Page 11 of 20

12 Impact of Solar Events on ARINC Communication, cont. BRW GUM HDY MKK Barrow, AK Guam, CNMI Hat Yai, Thailand Molokai, HI LPAZ = Santa Maria Radio ZAN = Anchorage ATC ZNY = New York ATC ZAK = Oakland ATC ZJX = Jacksonville ATC INCERFA = Comms from aircraft 30mins overdue ALERFA = Comms from aircraft 60mins overdue DETRESFA = Aircraft in grave or imminent danger ATCC = ATC Clearance ATCR = ATC Request ATCA = ATC Advisory ATCW = ATC SIGMET ICAO Strength and Readability Scale Rating Signal/Strength Rating Readability 5 Excellent 5 Perfectly readable 4 Good 4 Readable 3 Fair 3 Readable but with difficulty 2 Poor 2 Readable now and then 1 Barely audible 1 Unreadable Oceanic and International Operations Page 12 of 20

13 SL-8-FPF OpSpec A010 Aviation Weather Information SL-9-FPF These regulations and guidance are outdated and do not reflect current policy. The NWS no longer approves weather sources. That responsibility was assumed by AJT 21- The Contract Weather Office run by ATO. SL-10-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 13 of 20

14 SL-11-FPF SL-12-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 14 of 20

15 Video: How Volcanic Ash Affects a Jet Engine Notes Oceanic and International Operations Page 15 of 20

16 SL-13-FPF EUR 019, Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan, Appendix A SL-14-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 16 of 20

17 Exercise: Flight Planning Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to have participants become familiar with the Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan and how it is used. Directions: Work in pairs to answer the two questions below based on the scenario and Appendix A of the Eur Doc 019, Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan. Scenario: En route Procedures You are riding in the jump seat of a part 121 B777, conducting an en route inspection for a proving flight in NAT HLA from Bangor, Maine (KBGR) to East Midlands Airport in the UK (EGNX). Your flight is eastbound at FL360 on NAT X nearing 55N040W at M082. It is about 3:00 A.M. The winds aloft are light at this altitude, coming mostly from the north. You and the crew notice the following: A smoky or acrid odor that smells like electrical smoke, burned dust, or sulfur. A haze developing within the airplane and dust settling on surfaces. Engine temperatures change unexpectedly; the flight engineer goes back in the cabin to look out the window at the engines. An orange glow appears at the engine inlet. Airspeed fluctuating erratically; blue-colored sparks appear to flow up the outside of the windshield. What phenomenon is likely occurring? What actions do you think the crew should take? Oceanic and International Operations Page 17 of 20

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19 Exercise: Flight Planning, cont. Appendix A from the EUR Doc 019, Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan Oceanic and International Operations Page 19 of 20

20 SL-15-FPF SL-16-FPF Oceanic and International Operations Page 20 of 20