5/4/2016 ht.ttlms.com

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1 Order Template Screen 1 Free Form Lesson Overview 2 Free Form OpSpecs for Each SAO 3 Free Form Issuing OpSpecs for SAO 4 Single Answer Knowledge Check 5 Free Form Key Components of the OpSpec(s) for each SAO 6 Single Answer Knowledge Check 7 Free Form Common OpSpecs Errors 8 Free Form Domestic and International Weather Services 9 Single Answer Knowledge Check 10 Free Form Key Components of the Weather Package 11 Columns Knowledge Check 12 Free Form FAR Fuel Requirements 13 Variable Answer Knowledge Check 14 Free Form ICAO Fuel Requirements 15 Columns Knowledge Check 16 Free Form Operational Flight Plan Fuel Requirements 17 Single Answer Knowledge Check 18 Free Form Specialized Fuel Reserve Requests 19 Single Answer Knowledge Check 20 Free Form Lesson Summary 1/26

2 Lesson Overview and International Fuel Standards, Screen 1 [3_2_1] Template: Free Form In this lesson, you will learn about the OpSpecs required to conduct flights in Special Areas of Operation (SAOs), the components of the weather package used in flight planning and International Operations fuel requirements for compliance with respective Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) and ICAO standards. Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Identify OpsSpec(s) for each SAO Identify the key components of the OpSpec(s) for each SAO Identify the common errors (issues noted during national reviews corrective action) in the OpSpec(s) for SAOs Identify domestic and international weather services Identify key components of the weather package Define the fuel requirements to comply with respective FARs when conducting International Operations Define the fuel standards to comply with respective ICAO standards when conducting International Operations Identify the fuel requirements on an operational flight plan Identify the special fuel reserve requests for which a SAO specialist should be contacted 2/26

3 OpSpecs for Each SAO and International Fuel Standards, Screen 2 [3_2_2] Template: Free Form Issuing Op Specs for SAOs can be complex. Principal Inspectors (PIs) should, and in some cases must, contact a specialist. OpSpec A056 and SAOs In addition to having a B050 OpSpecs authorization to operate within the SAO, some SAOs are using Data Link capabilities and U.S. operators are required to have Data Link authorization (OpSpec A056). For example, the following SAOs are using Data Link capabilities: North Atlantic (NAT) Pacific (PAC) West Atlantic Route System (WATRS) Bay of Bengal Tasman Sea For operator requests to operate in these SAOs, you should contact a specialist. Note: Data Link mandates have been implemented in some areas of the world, the effect being that aircraft not suitably equipped are excluded from certain airspace. See in particular the NAT Data Link Mandate (DLM) and the European Data Link Services Implementing Rule (DLS IR). 3/26

4 Issuing OpSpecs for SAO and International Fuel Standards, Screen 3 [3_2_3] Template: Free Form Select the OpSpec table to learn more about the OpSpec required for each SAO. OpSpec Table OpSpec Table North Atlantic Oceanic and Remove Continental Magnetic Unreliability (AMU) North Polar Canadian MNPS (C MNPS) North Pacific (NOPAC) West Atlantic Route System (WATRS) Central Pacific (CEP) Basic Area Navigation/Precision Area Navigation BRNAV/RNAV (RNAV5/RNAV1) Russia and China Gulf of Mexico/WATRS Oceanic Required Navigation Performance (RNP) (2/4/10) RVSM B039. Operations in North Atlantic Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications (NAT/MNPS) Airspace (Note will become NAT HLA when updated) B036. Oceanic and Remote Continental Navigation Using Multiple Long Range Navigation Systems (M LRNS) B040. Operations in Areas of Magnetic Unreliability B055. North Polar Operations B059. Canadian MNPS Airspace (applies to 135 operators only) B038. Operations in North Pacific (NOPAC) Airspace B050. Sensitive International Areas B037. Operations in Central East Pacific (CEP) Airspace B034. IFR Class I Terminal and En Route Navigation Using Area Navigation SystemsB050.pdf B050. Sensitive International Areas B050. Sensitive International Areas B036. Oceanic and Remote Continental Navigation Using Multiple Long Range Navigation Systems (M LRNS) B046. Operations in Reduced Vertical Minimum (RVSM) Airspace 4/26

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6 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 4 [3_2_4] Template: Single Answer An operator flying from Anchorage, AK to Tokyo, Japan requires what area specific OpSpec authorization? B037 CEP B038 NOPAC B040 AMU B055 North Polar Answer Key: B Correct Feedback: Correct. Routes traversing Anchorage FIR and Tokyo FIR require a B038 OpSpec. Incorrect Incorrect. Routes traversing Anchorage FIR and Tokyo FIR require a B038 OpSpec. Feedback: 6/26

7 Key Components of the OpSpec(s) for each SAO and International Fuel Standards, Screen 5 [3_2_5] Template: Free Form In addition to each SAO s general requirements discussed earlier, each SAO may have specific requirements, so you should conduct some research and call the SAO specialist for guidance before issuing an OpSpec. The specialist will be able to tell you whether validation flights are required. For example, an operator currently has a NAT HLA authorization (B039) for unrestricted operations and requests authorization to add an aircraft that has only a single LRNS (long range navigation system). The corresponding limitation would be noted in B039. Tip from the Expert Tip from the Expert Tip from the Expert If an operator currently has a NAT MNPS authorization (B039) and requests authorization to fly to Hawaii (B037) with an inertial navigation system that meets a RNP 10 capability, the inertial system has limitations as to when the system must receive an update (RNP time limitation). The RNP 10 limitation would be listed in the table of OpSpec B036 (Multiple LRNS). The specialist would discuss with the POI whether additional validation testing (tabletop) would be recommended before adding B037 OpSpec. In addition, if there is a tabletop for a Part 121 operator, operational control personnel must be involved and a Dispatch Inspector should be part of the validation process. 7/26

8 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 6 [3_2_6] Template: Single Answer An operator currently has OpSpecs B039 (NAT HLA) and is requesting approval for North Polar Operations. What actions should be taken by the POI? Review and approve WebOPSS submission Review and approve the submission package Contact SAO Specialist Contact ICAO representative Answer Key: C Correct Feedback: Correct. Each SAO will have specific requirements, so you should conduct some research and call the SAO Specialist for guidance before issuing an OpSpec. Incorrect Incorrect. Each SAO will have specific requirements, so you should conduct some Feedback: research and call the SAO Specialist for guidance before issuing an OpSpec. 8/26

9 Common OpSpecs Errors and International Fuel Standards, Screen 7 [3_2_7] Template: Free Form OpSpecs errors have been noted during national reviews, including but not limited to: SAO issued without proper validation or coordination with specialists A number of omitted reference paragraphs or included reference paragraphs irrelevant to the geographic area noted in OpSpec B050 AMU and North Polar Region OpSpecs errors apparently stemming from incorrect equipment and inadequate training A significant number of Single LRNS (OpSpec B054) Gulf of Mexico and WATRS Initial Oceanic and Remote Continental Operations (formerly Class II) approvals issued with no validation flights Some operators could not meet the requirements of the OpSpec (e.g., authorized RVSM but aircraft service ceiling is below RVSM airspace) Range limited aircraft authorized for remote oceanic operations Some aircraft did not have the required number of Long Range Navigation Systems (LRNS) or Long range Communication Systems (LRCS) for the geographic area noted 9/26

10 Domestic and International Weather Services and International Fuel Standards, Screen 8 [3_2_8] Template: Free Form An operator can always use data from the National Weather Service (applicable to the 48 contiguous States and D.C.), or a source approved by the Administrator, for operations conducted outside this area. 10/26

11 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 9 [3_2_9] Template: Single Answer Which of the following is the default weather information source approved for all U.S. civil operators? Jeppesen National Weather Service (NWS) The Weather Channel Flight Explorer Answer Key: B Correct Feedback: Correct. The National Weather Service (NWS) is default weather information source approved for all U.S. civil operators. Incorrect Incorrect. The National Weather Service (NWS) is default weather information source Feedback: approved for all U.S. civil operators. 11/26

12 Key Components of the Weather Package and International Fuel Standards, Screen 10 [3_2_10] Template: Free Form All weather packages should include, but are not limited to: METARs TAFs AIRMETs / SIGMETs Convective SIGMETs PIREPs High Level SIG Weather Progs NOTAMs Icing charts for ETOPS diversions Wind Charts (250, 300, 500, 700 millibar charts) Volcanic Ash Information METARs TAFs AIRMETs / SIGMETs Convective SIGMETs PIREPs High Level SIG Weather Progs SNOTAMs Icing charts for ETOPS diversions Wind Charts (250, 300, 500, 700 millibar charts) Volcanic Ash Information METARs Meteorological Terminal Air Reports (METARs) are airport weather reports for current conditions. TAFs Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAFs) give the projected weather conditions at the estimated time of arrival. AIRMETs / SIGMETs AIRMET is a description of an expected occurrence of en route weather affecting the safety of aircraft operations. A SIGMET is similar, but more severe. Convective SIGMETs Significant thunderstorm meteorological information for a specific area. PIREPs A pilot report of actual weather conditions encountered by an aircraft in flight. High Level SIG Weather Progs High level significant weather above flight level 250 which indicates hazards such as icing, turbulence, volcanic ash and jet stream location. SNOTAMs An abbreviated field condition report of frozen contamination and braking action in the form of a NOTAM, as 12/26

13 applicable. Icing charts for ETOPS diversions 700MB chart that indicates areas of potential icing commonly used to reduce icing fuel penalties in ETOPS calculations. Wind Charts (250, 300, 500, 700 millibar charts) Depictions of forecast winds at various heights, from 10,000 feet to Flight Level 350. Volcanic Ash Information Indicates the source of the ash, the direction the ash plume is moving, the top altitude of the ash plume, and the concentration of particles. 13/26

14 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 11 [3_2_11] Template: Columns Match each weather package key component with the best description by selecting the appropriate cell in the table below. Description METAR NOTAMs PIREP AIRMET An abbreviated field condition report in the form of a NOTAM A report of actual weather conditions encountered by an aircraft in flight Airport weather reports A description of an expected occurrence of en route weather affecting the safety of aircraft operations Description An abbreviated field condition report in the form of a NOTAM A report of actual weather conditions encountered by an aircraft in flight Airport weather reports A description of an expected occurrence of en route weather affecting the safety of aircraft operations Answer NOTAMs PIREP METAR AIRMET 14/26

15 FAR Fuel Requirements and International Fuel Standards, Screen 12 [3_2_12] Template: Free Form You were just presented with a brief overview of the components of the weather package for flight planning. Let s take a look at international fuel requirements operators must consider during flight planning. The following regulations apply to fuel planning based upon the requirements for 14 CFR. 14 CFR Part 91 and 91K 14 CFR Part CFR Part 121 Flag and Supplemental 14 CFR Part CFR Part 91 and 91K 14 CFR Part CFR Part 121 Flag and Supplemental 14 CFR Part CFR Part 91 and 91K 14 CFR requires enough fuel for: 1. Airport of intended landing 2. Most distant alternate airport (if required) minutes at normal cruising speed (a) states the PIC must be familiar with all available weather information and fuel requirements. 14 CFR Part 125 For operations outside the 48 conterminous U.S., unless authorized in the OpSpecs. 14 CFR requires enough fuel for: 1. Airport of intended landing 2. 10% of total en route time 3. Most distant alternate airport (if required) minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above the alternate airport or destination under standard temperature conditions If no alternate is specified under (b) to fly to the airport and thereafter to fly for at least 2 hours at normal cruising fuel consumption. 14 CFR Part 121 Flag and Supplemental 15/26

16 Flag and Supplemental requires enough fuel for: a. Destination airport b. Most distant alternate airport (if required) c. 10% of en route time from departure to destination d. 30 minutes holding speed 1500 feet above destination or alternate airport provides factors for computing required fuel, including: a. Wind and other weather conditions forecast b. Anticipated traffic delays c. One instrument approach and possible missed approach at destination d. Any other condition that may delay landing of the aircraft 14 CFR Part Alternate Airport Requirements actually provides fuel requirements, including: 1. Airport of intended landing 2. Alternate airport minutes at normal cruise speed 16/26

17 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 13 [3_2_13] Template: Variable Answer According to the FARs, which of the following operations are required to have 10% reserve fuel for international operations? Check All That Apply: Part 91 Part 121 Part 125 Part 135 Score Answer Key: 2,3 Correct Feedback: Correct. Parts 121 and 125 operators are required to have 10% reserve fuel for international operations. Incorrect Incorrect. Parts 121 and 125 operators are required to have 10% reserve fuel for Feedback: international operations. 17/26

18 ICAO Fuel Requirements and International Fuel Standards, Screen 14 [3_2_14] Template: Free Form In addition to having to comply with FAR fuel requirements, operators must follow the applicable fuel guidelines outlined by ICAO. Select each graphic to learn more about the ICAO guidelines that apply to fuel planning. Keep in mind that Annex 6, Part I deals with commercial civil aviation, while Annex 6, Part II deals with general aviation. ICAO Annex 6 Part I Commercial Aircraft ICAO Annex 6 Part II International General Aviation Aeroplanes ICAO Annex 6 Part I Commercial Aircraft Applies to Part 121, Part 125, and Part 135 To fly to the airport to which the flight is planned Fly to the alternate airport Fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 450 meters (1500 feet) above the alternate aerodrome NOTE: The following must be considered while planning the flight: Forecast, weather conditions, expected ATC delays, and any other conditions that may delay the landing of the flight. ICAO Annex 6 Part II International General Aviation Aeroplanes To fly to the airport to which the flight is planned Fly to the alternate airport (if required) Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise altitude when an alternate is not required 18/26

19 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 15 [3_2_15] Template: Columns Match each key component with the best description by selecting the appropriate cell in the table below. Deals with general aviation Deals with commercial aviation Fly for 30 minutes at holding speed Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise altitude Description Annex 6 Part 1 Annex 6 Part 2 Description Answer Deals with general aviation Annex 6 Part 2 Deals with commercial aviation Annex 6 Part 1 Fly for 30 minutes at holding speed Annex 6 Part 1 Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise altitude Annex 6 Part /26

20 Operational Flight Plan Fuel Requirements and International Fuel Standards, Screen 16 [3_2_16] Template: Free Form This graphic depicts a sample fuel block from a representative 121 Operational Flight Plan. Select it to learn more. When you are finished, select NEXT to continue. sample fuel block sample fuel block 20/26

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22 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 17 [3_2_17] Template: Single Answer Using the 121 Operational Flight Plan below, identify the en route reserve fuel amount per the FAA fuel requirements for the identified route hours 32 minutes total fuel burn from YQX to LGW minutes alternate fuel to STN minutes holding fuel at destination percent of time (in pounds of fuel) required from departure to destination More Information: fuel block fuel block 22/26

23 Answer Key: D Correct Feedback: Correct. The Operational Flight Plan has an entry for ERSV 2059 pounds of fuel. This 10% is required by CFR Incorrect Incorrect. The Operational Flight Plan has an entry for ERSV 2059 pounds of fuel. This Feedback: 10% is required by CFR /26

24 Specialized Fuel Reserve Requests and International Fuel Standards, Screen 18 [3_2_18] Template: Free Form PIs receiving operator requests for authorization for reduced fuel reserves should contact a specialist for more information. Examples of reduced fuel reserves include: Op Spec B043: Special Fuel Reserves in International Operations (PDF) Op Spec B044: Planned Redispatch or Rerelease en route B044 (PDF) Op Specs B343: Fuel Reserves for Flag and Supplemental Operations (requires HQ Approval) (PDF) Op Spec B043: Special Fuel Reserves in International Operations (PDF) Op Spec B044: Planned Redispatch or Rerelease en route B044 (PDF) Op Specs B343: Fuel Reserves for Flag and Supplemental Operations (requires HQ Approval) (PDF) Op Spec B043: Special Fuel Reserves in International Operations (PDF) Op Spec B044: Planned Redispatch or Rerelease en route B044 (PDF) Op Specs B343: Fuel Reserves for Flag and Supplemental Operations (requires HQ Approval) (PDF) 24/26

25 Knowledge Check and International Fuel Standards, Screen 19 [3_2_19] Template: Single Answer Which of the following OpSpecs is NOT related to reduced fuel reserves? B043 B044 B450 B343 Answer Key: C Correct Feedback: Correct. B450 is for sensitive international areas and has no applicability to reduced fuel reserves. Incorrect Incorrect. B450 is for sensitive international areas and has no applicability to reduced Feedback: fuel reserves. 25/26

26 Lesson Summary and International Fuel Standards, Screen 20 [3_2_20] Template: Free Form In this lesson, you learned about the OpSpecs required to conduct flights in Special Areas of Operation (SAOs), the components of the weather package used in flight planning and International Operations fuel requirements for compliance with respective Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) and ICAO standards. At this point you should be able to: Identify OpsSpec(s) for each SAO Identify the key components of the OpSpec(s) for each SAO Identify the common errors (issues noted during national reviews corrective action) in the OpSpec(s) for SAOs Identify domestic and international weather services Identify key components of the weather package Define the fuel requirements to comply with respective FARs when conducting International Operations Define the fuel standards to comply with respective ICAO standards when conducting International Operations Identify the fuel requirements on an operational flight plan Identify the special fuel reserve requests for which a SAO specialist should be contacted 26/26