Contributing to Efficient Air Traffic Operations

Transcription

1 Japan Aviation Environmental Workshop Innovative Concepts for Carbon Neutral Growth Contributing to Efficient Air Traffic Operations Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Hitoshi Ishizaki Director-General Air Navigation Services Department Civil Aviation Bureau

2 Topic 1.Aviation and Environment 2.What is Air Traffic Control(ATC)? 3.ATC s contribution to efficient flights

3 1.Aviation and Environment

4 CO2 emission (Mt) CO2 emission from International Aviation 平成 7 年 平成 8 年 平成 9 年 平成 10 年 平成 11 年 平成 12 年 平成 13 年 平成 14 年 平成 15 年 平成 16 年 平成 17 年 平成 18 年 平成 19 年 平成 20 年 平成 21 年 平成 22 年 平成 23 年 CO2 emission per transport unit (kg-co2 / tonne-kilometre) CO2 排出量 emission 原単位 CO2 (kg-co2/ emission トンキロ per transport ) unit Source: ICAO 2013 Environmental Report

5 CO2 emission from Int l Aviation [ Ton-killometre ] Future Aviation Demand 6-fold CO2 Emission Fuel Efficiency Source: ICAO 2013 Environmental Report = Activity

6 Part of Int l Aviation, Global CO2 emissions Int l Aviation 1.5% (470Mt) Canada 1.7% Iran 1.7% Korea 1.9% 31.3 bill. tons Global CO2 emissions(2011) Source: CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2013 Edition(IEA)

7 Characteristics of Int l Aviation sector Flying over different countries and int l waters Code share flights etc. Codeshare Departure Airport Int l waters Destination Airport Difficulty in allocating emissions to countries Working through ICAO (Kyoto Protocol)

8 International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) Created in 1944 upon the signing of the Chicago Convention 191 Member States (as of Oct. 2013) Japan Joined in Setting standards and regulations necessary for aviation safety, security, efficiency and regularity, as well as environmental protection. Headquarters in Montreal, Canada

9 ICAO Global aspirational goals Global aspirational goals for CO2 emissions reduction in Int l aviation sector (ICAO Assembly Resolution in 2010) Improving fuel efficiency by 2% annualy Stabilizing its global CO2 emissions at 2020 levels Each state s actions contributing to global goals Aircraft technology Operational improvements Alternative fuels Market-based measures(mbms)

10 2.What is air traffic control(atc)?

11 Characteristics of Air transportation Aircrafts 1 move in 3D Laterally / Varticaly 3 cannot stop For safety, aircrafts cannot change speed sharply and stop in mid-air. 2 travel at High speed cruise speed of a commercial jet : 800km/h speed of helicopter(relatively low) : 200 km/h 4 affected by Weather Aircrafts are subject to weather conditions such as cloud, precipitation, wind, and fluctuation of atmospheric pressure. They cannot see other aircrafts and obstacles especially in cloud. For safe and efficient flight, Air traffic controllers manage aircraft through all aspects of their flight.

12 Air Traffic Control(ATC)from departure to arrival (ATM Centre ) GPS MTSAT Destination Airport Departure Airport Guided landing Position info. satellite communications Surveillance ATC instructions Arrival sequencing Departure sequencing ATC service from control tower ATC service using Radar system ATC service from control tower Air Traffic Management Air Traffic Management

13 Designated Departure/En route/approach path Example: Haneda to Fukuoka Fukuoka Approach Haneda Departure

14 Designated Departure/En route/approach path En route chart

15 Domestic Air Traffic Flow Total Number per of aircraft ( ) day New Chitose Domestic flight 2,300 Fukuoka Osaka Narita Haneda Kansai Chubu

16 International Air Traffic Flow Total Number per of aircraft ( day) Int l flight 1,290 Overflight 520 Korea Beijing etc. 330 Shanghai etc. 180 Taiwan Hong Cong 290 Europe/Russia 80 South East Asia 50 Guam/Australia 70 FUKUOKA FIR (Flight Information Region ) Anchorage East coast of USA 60 West coast of USA 190 Hawaii 40 Area of Responsibility < Air Traffic Control > Created from flight plans in 2012(Nov.)

17 Aircraft operating in Japan around 6p.m.

18 Air Traffic in Metropolitan Area NARITA HANEDA

19 3.ATC s Contribution to efficient flights

20 ATC s Contribution to efficient flights Efficient flight by shortening flight path and time is effective for reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emission. It also improves convenience for users. ATC s Contribution Providing optimized routes Air Traffic Flow Management Developing Future Air Traffic System

21 Point to Point Navigation (Introduction of RNAV) <Conventional navigation> navigating directly to and from groundbased navigational aids(navaids) navaid Zigzag path

22 Point to Point Navigation (Introduction of RNAV) <RNAV(Area Navigation)> flexible and optimum routing with satellite navigation, freeing airplanes from reliance on ground-based navaids Navaid Positioning calculating GPS Straight path En route and Approach for Airport

23 Deployment of RNAV Approach in Airport Introduction of higher accuracy RNAV Approach (RNP-AR Approach) shortens flight paths to the runway and improves access to Airport. RNP-AR Approach Conventional Approach Mountainous area Odate-Noshiro Airport (Akita)

24 KUMAMOTO Airport Example1 Kumamoto Airport KAZMA TAKAS Mount Aso Kumamoto Airport RNP AR APPROACH NIGHT MISMI Conventional ROUTE 26.5nm (49km) REDUCTION OF FLIGHT DISTANCE COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL APP.

25 KUMAMOTO Airport Example 2 RNP-AR Approach Route through Mount ASO (caldera and somma) 猟師山 1423m 久住山 1787m 大船山 1786m 鞍岳 1118m ツームシ山 1064m 大観峰 936m ASONO 矢護山 942m 杵島岳 1326m KAZMA Kumamoto Airport 俵山 1095m NIGHT ROUTE 烏帽子岳 1337m 高岳 1592m 根子岳 1433m

26 CDO(Continuous Descent Operations) CDO: an arriving aircraft descends continuously with minimum engine thrust Saving fuel burn Thrust Runway Thrust Thrust Conventional step down approach: Increasing engine thrust during level flight using fuel Introducing at Kansai Int l air port and Naha airport

27 Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) Rush hour / Bad weather conditions etc. Arrival demand exceeds an airport capacity 航空交通管理センター Airborne holding 交通量 各空域の容量超過を計算予測 容量超過の閾値 交通量 空港 航空機の出発時間を調整 容量超過の閾値 Airborne holding Wasting fuel Introducing 出発待機を指示 ATFM 出発待機 出発待機 Efficient flight 時間 ATFM( 航空交通流管理 ) 空港 時間 Assigning ground delay and/or time for over fix Reduction in airborne holding Improved operational efficiency

28 Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) Without Air Traffic Flow Management Traffic Volume > Capacity of a destination or airspace... HANEDA Air Traffic congestion!

29 ATFM (Ground delay:edct) Domestic airport Only Appropriate departure time EDCT* will be assigned to aircraft before airborne EDCT HANEDA JCAB *Expected Departure Clearance Time: Calculated Take Off Time including ground delay

30 ATFM (Ground delay:edct) Domestic airport Only EDCT* However, will be assigned to aircraft before airborne Unexpected airborne delay often causes congestion... EDCT HANEDA JCAB Air Traffic Flow Management for in-flight aircraft(=scas) is necessary. *Expected Departure Clearance Time: Calculated Take Off Time including ground delayed time

31 ATFM (SCAS) CFDT* will be assigned to aircraft while airborne *Calculated Fix Departure Time Pilot shall cross Fix A at CFDT by adjusting speed etc. From Korea, China Time CFDT Fix A HANEDA From China From Taiwan Hong Kong CFDT ATMC In-flight time adjustment Assign to both domestic and international Under the trial for HANEDA

32 Efficient Use of JASDF Training Airspace JASDF training areas Airspace restrictions (JASDF/U.S. Forces) Over 100 YUDOH AKESI CDR (Conditional Route) TAPPI MRE MEDIO CAVES GEPPA MIYAKO ANDOL KANSA KADBO SEPCO GNITS NOMAS GTC MARON NANAC JEC SAMON CHILY ARROW FACER POTET FUE ISAKY JAKAL IMPAL ALUYO New-Chitose to Fukuoka ESBIS LC YACKL KROSI CDR CDR IGMON AGIKA

33 Optimized Oceanic routes NOPAC(NOrth PACific) fixed route system no consideration for weather condition R220 R580 A590 R591 G344 For more efficient flight.. NARITA AIRPORT ADGOR CALMA ETRON GARRY RIPKI SEALS MORAY Flexible oceanic routing procedures enables efficient oceanic flights in response to upper level wind and other conditions

34 Optimized Oceanic routes PACOTS (PACfic Organized Track System) Image: Tokyo to West coast of U.S. Routes established on a daily basis by Air Traffic Controllers considering upper wind forecast and adverse weather area

35 Optimized Oceanic routes UPRs (User Preferred Routes) Image: Tokyo to West coast of U.S. PACOTS (daily) Flexible routes developed for each individual flight by the Airlines considering weather and other operational conditions at the time of departure

36 Optimized Oceanic routes DARP (Dynamic Airborne Reroute Procedures) Image: Tokyo to West coast of U.S. UPR Flexible in-flight rerouting for each individual flight calculated by the Airlines taking advantage of updated forecast of upper wind etc.

37 Development of Future Air Traffic Systems Trajectory-based Operation (4DT)concept From Departure gate Departure Airport Accurately estimated passing time and optimized route 4D (3 spatial dimensions + time) flight based on highly accurate prediction of path Optimization of overall air traffic Weather Air traffic Volume ATC Capacity etc. Accurately estimated Arrival time To Arrival gate Destination Airport

38 ご清聴ありがとうございました Thank you for your kind attention. ご清聴ありがとうございました