ICAO Regional Seminar on Performance - Based Navigation (PBN) Nairobi, Developments and Benefits. 4 December 2008.

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1 ICAO Regional Seminar on Performance - Based Navigation (PBN) Nairobi, December 2008 Developments and Benefits Presented by IATA

2 IATA s mission is to represent, lead and serve the airline industry

3 Represents airlines interests to governments and international organisations Follows global regulatory developments

4 IATA today 231 Member Airlines From 143 countries 94% of total international traffic 200 partners Representation in 90 countries 1400 staff

5 PBN Benefits To reduce controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) To increase efficiency To increase capacity To increase aerodrome access To address environmental issues To allow user-preferred routings and trajectories. To provide significant benefits in safety and efficiency and for the environment. To allows ANSPs to offer the most cost-effective solutions users.

7 Aircraft Capability

8 Aircraft Capability

9 Environmental Objective and Strategy Carbon neutral in the medium term Zero-carbon emissions in long term Four pillar strategy: Invest in new technology Build and use efficient infrastructure Operate planes effectively Economic measures/tax incentives

10 an industry-wide IATA 4 pillars We made the commitment

11 Facts and figures Transport in general accounts for 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions Aviation produces 2% of global CO2 emissions, that is 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources 76% is from road transport 1% reduction in fuel burn (or 1 minute reduction in flight time saves 7 million tons emissions per year Saving 1 kg on each flight could save roughly 1,700 tons of fuel per year 5,400 tons of CO2 per year Aircraft and engine manufacturers devote up to 15% turnover to research

12 Facts and figures 1 kg of fuel produces kg of CO2 New aircraft are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago 20% better than 10 years ago Airlines are aiming for a further 25% fuel efficiency improvement by Modern aircraft achieve fuel efficiencies of 3.5 lt per 100 passenger/km The A380 and B787 are aiming for 3 lt per passenger/km 78 miles per gallon (MPG) per passenger. Better than a compact car.

Facts and figures Air transport CO2 emissions Could reach 3% by 2050 700 million tons per

Crows are famous for their ability to fly two points by the most direct route But

13 Facts and figures Air transport CO2 emissions Could reach 3% by million tons per year i.e. less than the CO2 produced worldwide by cattle. Crows are famous for their ability to fly two points by the most direct route But aircraft often have to zig-zag along dog-leg routes By shortening routes, we can cut CO2 emissions by 6 million tonnes per year.

14 RNAV/RNP The use of satellite technology has allowed the aviation industry to move away from its dependence on ground-based navigation systems.

15 RNAV/RNP Applications

16 EUR/AFI South RNAVRNP Routes IATA closely worked with ICAO and ANSPs toward the implementation of 4 continental RNAV routes: UM731,UM998 (Red Carpet I) UM214,UM215 (Red Carpet II)

17 RNAV Route Lima Buenos Aires Savings Dist.: 36 NM Time: 5 min. Fuel: 2.0M lb./yr

18 Kinshasa/N djili International Airport RNAVGNSS Approach Procedure VOR/ILS = 40.2NM GNSS = 14.5NM Difference 23.1NM 6 min of flight

19 Quito Intl. Airport Savings: 37 NM, 11 min, 6M lb/year

20 Atlanta RNAV Departure Procedures

21 Dallas Fort Worth (DFW) before/after implementation of RNAV procedures

22 Moving Forward with PBN IATA's recommended navigation solution for saving fuel is based on Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) in accordance with the new ICAO Performance Based Navigation (PBN) criteria. The 36th ICAO General Assembly passed a resolution urging all States to have PBN implementation plans in place next year with a 2014 target date for PBN at 70% of the world's airports. IATA plans to work with States and airlines to accelerate the process.

23 PBN Implementation Processes Three processes are provided to assist States in the implementation of PBN. They are used in sequence (ICAO Doc 9613). Process 1 Determine Requirements Process 2 Identifying ICAO Navigation Specification for Implementation Process 3 Planning and Implementation

24 PBN Pilot Projects (2008/2009) In line with IATA Policy: Flight Safety & Efficiency Fuel Cost Savings Environmental issues Assist PBN procedures implementation for 3 Airports: South America Far East Africa

25 PBN Pilot Projects (2008/2009) AFI Why Cape Town? Number of IATA member airlines Terrain/Safety issues Measurable gains Status of the Civil Aviation Authority Willingness of the ATS provider Infrastructure and support structures Accessibility for the technical team

26 PBN Pilot Projects (2008/2009) AFI Time Lines Technical Team : SACAA/ATNS/SAA/IATA WGS-84 Survey : Completed User/ANSP URS : M Procedure design : M+1 Aircraft Equipment : M+2 Aircraft certification : M+3 Crew/ATC training : M+6 Simulator Validation : M+6 Flight Trials : M+6 Full Implementation : 1 st Quarter 2009

27 RNP Project Components

PBN Navigation Specifications PBN Navigation Specifications are to be determined for all phases of flight: En-route (RNAV10/RNP10, RNP4, RNAV5) Arrival (B-RNP1) Approach (APV, RNP APCH) Departure

28 PBN Navigation Specifications PBN Navigation Specifications are to be determined for all phases of flight: En-route (RNAV10/RNP10, RNP4, RNAV5) Arrival (B-RNP1) Approach (APV, RNP APCH) Departure (B-RNP1) APIRG working methods and organization to be reviewed together with regional planning and implementation strategies, in order to ensure consistency with performance based navigation. AFI RAN 08 refers./-

29 PBN Challenges One of the challenges of implementing new navigation requirements is that airlines first need to be 'approved' by their State of Operator/Registry. Therefore, it is becoming more important than ever for airlines and their regulatory authorities to understand how to obtain ''Operational Approvals" for the different navigation specifications contained in the new ICAO PBN manual. To assist in this process, IATA has developed "General Guidelines for Obtaining Airworthiness and Operational Approvals for PBN Navigation Specifications". This document will help accelerate the process for both States and airlines. PBN_Guidelines.pdf

30 IATA ATM Roadmap

31 Prosper Zo o-minto o Assistant Regional Director, SO&I - Africa & Indian Ocean (AFI) Sandton South Africa Tel: Fax: Mob: ZooMintooP@iata.org

USE AND APPLICATION OF GNSS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NAVIGATION BASED ON PERFORMANCE IN ECUADOR

USE AND APPLICATION OF GNSS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NAVIGATION BASED ON PERFORMANCE IN ECUADOR BACKGROUND OF GNSS USE The guidelines for the transition to the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS in the CAR / SAM Regions were issued by ICAO at the Eleventh World Air Navigation Conference