Genetic Algorithm Based Decentralized Controller for Load- Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems with RFB Considering TCPS in the Tie-Line

Transcription

1 Inenaonal Jounal of Eleconc Enneen Reseach ISSN Volume Numbe 4 (9) Reseach Inda ublcaons h:// enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle fo Load- Fequency Conol of Ineconneced owe Sysems wh RFB Consden CS n he e-lne I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam ofesso and Seno Lecue Deamen of Eleccal En Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa 68 amlnadu Inda E-mal: dacdm@yahoo.com / accdm@sanchane.n Absac hs ae ooses a desn of enec Alohm (A) based conolles fo he decenalzed load-fequency conol of wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems wh and whou Redox Flow Baees (RFB) consden hyso Conolled hase Shfe (CS) n he e-lne. he A based neal conolles ae desned usn Ineal Squae Eo (ISE) Ceon. he oosed conolles ae mlemened n a wo-aea neconneced hemal owe sysem wh and whou RFB and CS. he ouu esonse of he sysem fequency e-lne owe and conol nu devaons fo % se-load dsubance ae esened by smulan he sysem. he esul eveals ha he conolle ovdes bee ansen esonse and smalle seln me fo he wo-aea neconneced owe sysems consden RFB and CS when comaed wh he ouu esonses obaned fo he wo-aea neconneced owe sysem whou RFB and CS. Keywods: Decenalzed Conolles enec Alohm Ineal Squae Eo Ceon Redox Flow Baees Load-Fequency Conol hyso Conolled hase Shfe. Inoducon owe sysems wh he ncease n sze and comlexy eque neconnecon beween he sysems o ensue moe elable owe suly even unde emeences by

2 3 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam shan he snnn eseve caaces. In he Load-Fequency Conol (LFC) and ne- aea e-lne owe flow conol a decenalzed conol scheme s essenal. he ae ooses a conol scheme ha ensues elably and qualy of owe suly wh mnmum ansen devaons and ensues zeo seady sae eo. he moance of decenalzed conolles fo mul aea load-fequency conol sysem whee n each aea conolle uses only he local saes fo feedbac s well nown. he sablzaon of fequency oscllaons n an neconneced owe sysem becomes challenn when mlemened n he fuue comeve envonmen. So advanced economc hh effcency and moved conol schemes [-6] ae equed o ensue he owe sysem elably. he convenonal load-fequency conolle may no lone be able o aenuae he lae fequency oscllaon due o he slow esonse of he oveno [7]. he ecen advances n owe eleconcs have led o he develomen of he Flexble Alenan Cuen ansmsson (FACS) devces o enhance owe sysem sably by usn elable and hh seed eleconc devces. One of he caable FACS devces s he hyso Conolled hase Shfe (CS) [8 9] whch chanes he elave hase anle beween he sysem volaes. heefoe he eal owe flow can be eulaed o mae he fequency oscllaons and enhance owe sysem sably. he e-lne owe flow wll have a bee conol when he CS s nsalled n sees wh he e-lne n beween he wo-aea neconneced owe sysems. hs conol saey acs as new ancllay sevce fo sablzn he fequency oscllaons and he CS ovdes movemen n dynamc and ansen sables of owe sysem [9]. he model develomen of echaeable baees such as edox flow baees [ ] whch ae no aed by fequen chan and dschan have a quc esonse equvalen o SMES and ousandn funcon dun oveload. he RFB nclude load fequency conol whch ves he excellen sho me oveload ouu. he effec of eneaon conol and absoon of flucuaon needed fo owe qualy manenance ae execed n he esen owe mae scenao. enec alohm s a lobal seach echnque [3] whch ovdes he soluon of omzaon oblems by mnmzn he mechansm of naual selecon and enecs. In he vew of he above he man objecves of he esen wo ae () o develo a lneazed model. case() Lneazed model of wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem. case() Lneazed model of wo aea neconneced hemal Rehea owe Sysem wh RFB and CS () o omze he an sen of he neal conolle usn ISE ceon fo he wo case sudes. (3) o sudy he effec of a edox flow baees and CS n he e - lne on he LFC dynamcs of a neconneced owe sysem fo % se load dsubance n aea by adon Rune Kua ll mehod and comae he efomances of wo aea neconneced owe sysems wh and whou RFB and CS.

3 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle 3 Modelln Fo A wo Aea Ineconneced owe Sysems e Lne owe Flow Model Consden CS In hs sudy he fue shows he schemac daam of he wo-aea neconneced ehea hemal owe sysem wh CS n sees wh e lne he CS s laced aea. he essance of e lne s neleced. A CS s a devce ha chanes he elave hase anle beween he sysem volaes [8 9]. heefoe he eal owe flow can be eulaed o mae he fequency oscllaons and enhance owe sysem sably. AREA Rehea hemal owe Sysem V δ CS : (φ V ( δ + φ) e lne jx V (δ AREA Rehea hemal owe Sysem Fue : Schemac of a wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh CS n sees wh e-lne. he neconneced e-lne owe flow fom aea o aea whou consden CS can be exessed as π e [ f f ] s () Wh he CS s laced n sees wh he e-lne nea aea as shown n f. he comlex owe can be wen as V ( δ + φ) V e jq e V + ( δ φ) jx δ () Seaan he eal a of e-lne owe V V e sn( δ δ + ) (3) x φ In equaon (3) eubn δ δ and φ fom he nomnal values δ δ and φ esecvely. he e lne owe devaon can be obaned as e ( δ δ ) + φ (4) I s nown ha δ fd and π δ f d π (5)

4 3 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam Fom he equaon (4) and (5) π [ f d f d] + φ e (6) π e ( s) [ F ( s) F ( s) ] + φ( s) s (7) I s evden fom he equaon (7) e lne owe flow can be conolled by conolln he hase shfe anleφ. he hase shfe anle φ(s) can be eesened as φ φ( s) Eo ( s) + ss (8) whee φ s he an of CS and S s he me consan of CS. Modeln of Redox Flow Baees he echaeable baees such as edox flow whch ae no aed by a fequen chan and dschan have a quc esonse and ousandn funcon dun oveload. he baees effcency nceased when he cycle eod of chan and dschan became shoe [-]. In addon o leveln load he baees ae advanaeous fo he seconday conol of he owe sysem and manan a owe qualy of dsbued owe esouce. he RF baees ae caable of vey fas esonse [] and so hunn due o a delay n esonse wll no occu. Fo hs eason he Aea Conol Eo (ACE) s used as he command value fo he RFB n conolln he ouu esonse n he LFC oblem. Se on Fue (a): RF Baey sysem model. ACE + - fb K fb Σ Fue (b): RF Baey sysem educed model.

5 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle 33 Kfb fb c + sd fb Kfbc o (9) () Sae Sace Reesenaon he owe sysem model can be eesened by he sandad sae model as shown n fue (3) Fue 3: Bloc daam of wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB consden CS n he e lne. he sae sace equaons x Αx + Βu + Γd () y Cx whee A s sysem max B s he nu dsbuon max Γ s he dsubance dsbuon max C s he conol ouu dsbuon max x s he sae veco u s he conol veco and d s he dsubance veco conssn of load chanes.

6 34 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam Mahemacal Model Case: Fo a wo-aea neconneced hemal owe sysem wh ehea ubnes he oosed decenalzed conolle desn s aled o neconneced wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysems. Daa fo he sysem s aen fom [5] and s ven n he aendx. he sae and ohe vaables of he wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem ae [ ] E e E f f x x x ACE v ACE v d d u u D D c c - R a R A A π π Case : Fo a wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB consden CS n he e lne he oosed decenalzed conolle desn s aled o neconneced wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysems wh RFB consden CS n he e-lne shown n fue 3. Daa fo he sysem s aen fom [5 9 ] and s ven n he aendx. he sae and ohe vaables of he wo-aea neconneced hemal owe sysems wh RFB & CS ae [ ] E E f e f x x x Φ ACE v ACE v d d u u D D c c B Γ

7 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle s s s s R K R A A π φ π φ Kfb K B - fb - K Γ - Omzaon of Ineal an Sen Usn enec Alohm he oosed desn of A based neal conolle wh objecve of achevn mnmum cos funcon and o ensue bee ansen esonse and an sen. he follown quadac efomance ndex[4] s consdeed o oban he omum decenalzed conolle ouu feedbac neal ans fo he neconneced wo-aea (dencal aeas) hemal ehea owe sysem ( ) L.

8 36 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam J ( x W x )d () e e whee W da{ w w } and x [ f ] e e w and w ae wehn facos fo he fequency devaon and e lne owe devaon esecvely of aea. A. eneal Sucue of A he sequenal ses fo seachn omal soluon neal an usn A as shown n f 4(a) SAR INIIALIZE OULAION SIZE EVALUAION OF OBJECIVES FINESS ASSINMEN SELECION CROSS OVER ENERAION OF FI INDIVIDUALS ERMINAION CRIERIA SO Fue 4(a): Comuaonal Flow Cha. B. Desn Mehodoloy he follown alohm descbes he use of A fo deemnn he feedbac ans omally. () Randomly eneae a se of ossble feedbac ans () Evaluae he efomance Index o ensue he zeo fequency devaon and zeo e-lne owe devaon fo a se load chane n aea.

9 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle 37 ()Use selecon cossove and muaon enec oeaos o develo new eneaon of feedbac ans. (v) Evaluae he efomance Index n se () fo he new eneaon of feedbac ans. emnae f hee s no moe movemen n he value of he efomance Index o f cean edeemned numbe of eneaons has been used ohewse o o se () he omum neal feedbac conolle an of case() and case() a nomnal condon as shown n able Smulaon Resuls and Obsevaons he decenalzed neal conolles usn ouu feedbac desned on he bass of A ceon ae mlemened n he neconneced wo-aea owe sysem wh and whou RFB and CS. he efomance of hese conolles s as shown n fues 5 o 7. he oosed conolle s mlemened n a wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh and whou RFB and CS fo a se load dsubance of..u.mw n aea and he esonses of he fequency devaons F e-lne owe devaon e and he conol nu devaons c ae obaned. Fo easy comason he esonses of F e c of he sysem wh he omum neal conolle desned on he bass of A fo he wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB and CS n he e-lne s comaed wh he esonses obaned fo he wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems. he an values and he cos funcon values of he vaous decenalzed neal conolles fo he wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysem wh and whou RFB and CS ae ven n able. he seln me fo he fequency devaons n aea aea and e-lne owe devaon fo he wo case sudes ae abulaed. Fom he abulaon can be found ha he conolle desned fo wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB and CS have no only have less cos funcon bu also have bee sably fase seln me and eque less conol effo when comaed wh he conolle desned fo he wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysem whou RFB and CS. Moeove he oosed conolles fo he wo-aea hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB and CS vey well sasfy he classcal equemens of he decenalzed load-fequency conol.

10 38 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam Fue 5(a): Fequency devaon n aea of a wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems whou and wh RFB and CS fo..u.mw se load chane n aea Fue 5(b): Fequency devaon n aea of a wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems whou and wh RFB and CS fo..u. MW se load chane n aea. Fue 6: e - lne owe devaon of wo aea ne conneced hemal ehea owe sysems whou and wh RFB and CS fo..u.mw se load chane n aea

11 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle 39 Fue 7(a): Conol nu devaon n aea of a wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems whou and wh RFB and CS fo..u.mw se load chane n aea Fue 7(b): Conol nu devaon n aea of a wo aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysems whou and wh RFB and CS fo..u.mw se load chane n aea. able : Comason of he sysem efomance fo he wo case sudes. Sysem unde..u.mw se load dsubance n aea Case: wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem Case: wo-aea neconneced hemal ehea owe sysem wh RFB & CS n e-lne Feedbac an(k ) Cos funcon value [J] Sen me ( τ s ) n seconds F F e

12 3 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam Concluson hs ae esens a desn of decenalzed conolles fo load-fequency conol of neconneced owe sysems wh and whou RFB and CS n he e-lne. he man am n noducn RFB n he neconneced owe sysem s o enhance educed ACE n he neconneced aeas and CS eulaes he e lne owe flow. hs desn has been successfully aled o an neconneced wo-aea hemal owe sysem wh and whou RFB and CS. he oosed conolle desn s found o be smle. Smulaon esuls of he wo-aea hemal owe sysem wh RFB and CS eveal ha he ouu esonse wh he oosed conolle ovdes a hh qualy ansen and seady sae esonse when comaed o ha of he ouu esonse of he sysem whou RFB and CS. Acnowledmen he auhos wsh o han he auhoes of Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa amlnadu Inda fo he facles ovded o eae hs ae. Nomenclaue f J Aea fequency n Hz Cos funcon of aea Rehea coeffcen of he seam ubne I Omum Ineal feedbac an obaned usn Ineal Squaed Eo (ISE) Ceon K fb an consan am o ACE of he aea fb owe ouu fom RFB n aea o mee ACE N Numbe of neconneced aeas he oal owe exchane of aea n.u.mw / Hz e R s D X E β φ Aea eal owe load n.u.mw Mechancal (ubne) owe ouu n.u.mw Seady sae eulaon of he oveno n Hz /.u.mw Lalace fequency vaable Aea me consan n seconds me consan of he ovenn mechansm n seconds Rehea me consan of he seam ubne n seconds me consan of he seam ubne n seconds oveno valve oson n.u.mw Fequency bas consan n.u.mw / Hz Incemenal chane of a vaable hase Shfe anle

13 enec Alohm Based Decenalzed Conolle 3 Suesc Subscs ansose of a max j j... N Aea ndces ( ) Refeences [] Shayeh.H Shayanfa.H.A Jall.A Load fequency Conol Saees: A sae-of-he-a suvey fo he eseache Eney Consevaon and Manaemen. 9. 5() [] Ibaheem I Kuma and Koha D Recen hlosohes of auomac eneaon conol saees n owe sysems IEEE ansacon on owe sysem 5: (): [3] Mal O Asho Kuma Hoe S A load-fequency conol alohm based on a enealzed aoach IEEE ansacons on owe Sysems 988:3(): [4] Doola.S Bha.S Auomac eneaon Conol of an solaed small hydo owe lan Elecc owe Sysem Reseach 6:76(9-) [5] Chdambaam IA Velusam S Desn of decenalzed based conolles fo load-fequency conol of neconneced owe sysems Inenaonal Jounal of Elecc owe Comonens and Sysems 5:33(): [6] Velusam S Chdambaam IA Decenalzed based dual mode conolle fo LFC of neconneced owe sysems consden DB and RC nonlneaes Eney Conveson & Manaemen. 7:48:69-7. [7] Jaleel N Vanslyen LS Ewa DN Fn LH Hoffmann A Undesandn auomac eneaon conol IEEE ansacons on owe Sysems 999:7:6-. [8] [8] Bae R uh El W Eln Conol alohm fo a sac hase shfn ansfome o enhance ansen and dynamc sably of lae owe sysems IEEE ansacons on owe Aaaus and Sysems 98: 9 AS- (9): [9] Abaham RJ Das D aa A AC of a hydohemal sysem wh hyso conolled hase shfe n he e-lne IEEE ansacon on owe Sysems 6: [] Sasa Enomoo K Dynamc analyss of eneaon conol efomance sandads IEEE ansacons on owe sysems :7:86-8. [] ouda N Develomen of edox flow baey sysem Enneen conf. CO 998: IECEC [] Enomoo K Sasa Shemasu Deuch H Evaluaon sudy abou edox flow baey esonse and s modeln. IEEE ansacon owe En. : -B(4): [3] Abdel-Mad YL Dawoud MM Omal AC unn wh enec alohms. Elecc owe Sysem Reseach 996:38(3): [4] Oaa Kasuho. Moden conol enneen New Delh Inda: ence Hall of Inda vae Lmed 986.

14 3 I.A. Chdambaam and B. aamasvam Boahes I.A.Chdambaam (966) eceved Bachelo of Enneen n Eleccal and Eleconcs Enneen (987) Mase of Enneen n owe Sysem Enneen (99) and h.d n Eleccal Enneen (7) fom Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa. Dun he was won as Lecue n he Deamen of Eleccal Enneen Annamala Unvesy and fom 7 he s won as ofesso n he Deamen of Eleccal Enneen Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa. He s a membe of ISE and ISC. Hs eseach neess ae n owe Sysems Eleccal Measuemens and Conols. (Eleccal Measuemens Laboaoy Deamen of Eleccal Enneen Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa 68 amlnadu Inda el: Fax: ) dacdm@yahoo.com accdm@sanchane.n B.aamasvam (976) eceved Bachelo of Enneen n Eleccal and Eleconcs Enneen () Mase of Enneen n owe Sysem Enneen (6) and he s won as Seno Lecue n he Deamen of Eleccal Enneen Annamala Unvesy He s cuenly usun h.d n Eleccal Enneen a Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa. Hs eseach neess ae n Conol Sysems Eleccal Measuemens. (Eleccal Measuemens Laboaoy Deamen of Eleccal Enneen Annamala Unvesy Annamalanaa- 68 amlnadu Inda Aendx (A) Sysem Daa [5] Ran of each aea MW Base owe MVA f o 6 Hz R R.4 Hz /.u.mw.8 sec sec.3 sec K K Hz/.u.MW sec β β.45.u.mw / Hz K K u.MW / Hz a - D..u.MW π (B) CS and RFB daa[9] S.sec φ.5ad / Hz Φ max Φ K fb.8 d K mn