Unmanned Aerial Systems for Ozarks Agriculture

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Tabitha Warren
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1 Unmanned Aerial Systems for Ozarks Agriculture by Bob Schultheis Natural Resource Engineering Specialist for Webster County Cattle Producers Inc. Marshfield, MO February 11,

UAS, UAV, drone Next High-Tech Tool for Agriculture

com/2014/01/precision-hawk/ Photo credit:

edu/projects/crop-surveying-using-aerial-robots /

2 UAS, UAV, drone Next High-Tech Tool for Agriculture and Beyond Photo credit: Photo credit: / Photo credit:

3 Agricultural Challenges FAO predicts need to feed 9.6 billion people on planet by 2050 Food production must increase by 70% by 2050, in spite of: Limited availability of arable lands Increasing need for fresh water Agriculture consumes 70% of the world s fresh water supply Impact of climate change affecting seasonal events in the life cycle of plant and animals. Future of agriculture = smart farming

4 Economic Impact of UAS Precision agriculture and public safety are the most promising commercial and civil markets = 90% of the known potential markets for UAS Agriculture in U.S. anticipated to provide: $65 billion of $82 billion UAS business from ,700+ new jobs (at least 34,000 jobs over $40K/year) $13.6 billion in first 3 years $1.56 billion in Missouri with 1,970+ jobs over 10 years Every year that integration is delayed, the U.S. loses over $10 billion in potential economic benefit = $27 million loss per day Source: Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)

5 Issues Who can and cannot fly UAS? Privacy and safety concerns What can I do with UAS? Will the regulations hinder growth of UAS use? Photo credit: 5

6 Can I Fly an UAV? Yes, No, Maybe >400 Feet = Navigable Airspace <400 Feet = Non-Navigable Airspace Property Rights? 6

7 The National Airspace - Classes MSL = Mean Sea Level AGL = Above Ground Level Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground, but there are larger areas of Class G airspace in remote regions. 7

8 Different Types of UAS Operations Model aircraft (hobby or recreation only) Civil operations (non-governmental) Public operations (governmental) Photo credit: 8

9 Privacy Concerns Laws already control taking picture and videos of people, especially in areas where they have reasonable expectation of privacy People and what they are doing are clearly visible Sight crosses your property boundaries New laws are likely

10 The view from UAS

11 Safety Concerns Most people have little aviation experience They become pilots as soon as they start to fly the devices Must accept all the responsibilities for safety that a pilot of a regular manned aircraft does 11

12 How Does a UAS Work? More than a flying device UAS gives you a unique perspective that is easy, fast, and not hindered by roads, fences, crops, and other barriers to movement Navigate by GPS, auto-return to home hover Sensor: normal digital videos and photos Controllable with joysticks, vision goggles or smartphone

13 UAS best suited for the Four D s Dirty Dangerous Difficult Dull Aerial Precision Ag, also known as APA, is a division of Cirrus Rotors - Photo credit: CBS News

14 Possible Jobs for UAS Agricultural monitoring (crops & animals) Weather monitoring Disaster assessment & management (tornadoes, floods, wildfires, earthquakes) Tower, bridge, rail and power line surveys Hazardous site evaluation (chemical, nuclear, etc.) Law enforcement (locate threats, document site for evidence) Environmental monitoring & research Aerial imaging/mapping (real estate) Oil and gas exploration Telecommunications (news coverage, sporting events, moviemaking) Freight transport/package delivery Agri-tourism Entertainment (unique photography, remote dog walking ) Photo credit: CBS News

15 Most Common Uses by Farmers Directed scouting of animals and crops, which involves ground-truthing what you observe from air Crop condition (growth, insects, diseases) Cattle counts, rustler monitoring Photo credit: CBS News

16 Crop Scouting Assess stand establishment of crop

17 Crop Scouting SPARC Plots at South Farm on August 2,

18 Crop Scouting SPARC Plots at South Farm on August 28,

19 Crop Scouting Nitrogen Stress Nitrogen Rate Study at Graves-Chapple Farm on August 27,

20 South View North Plots Corn - Cover Crop Plots - Image Captured on June 23,

21 North View North Plots Corn - Cover Crop Plots - Image Captured on July 1,

22 South View North Plots Corn - Cover Crop Plots - Image Captured on July 1,

23 23

24 North View 24

25 Moving Ground-Based Sensor to UAVs 25

26 Crop Scouting Corn Hybrid Differences at Hundley-Whaley Farm on August 28,

27 170 acres. 15cm ground resolution. About 20 minutes flying Fixed Wing 27

28 Photo from a DJI Phantom 1 with Go Pro 3 camera. Corn field on July 15, 2014 in Cooper County 28

Possibilities with Other Sensors Thermal (infrared) Livestock detection, sick animals Water temperature, source identification Hyperspectral Crop

29 Possibilities with Other Sensors Thermal (infrared) Livestock detection, sick animals Water temperature, source identification Hyperspectral Crop growth, plant identification LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) Measuring plant height, 3-D terrain mapping Photo credit:

30 Spray-Swath Overlaps? Use of Multispectral Cameras Old N&S Dead-Furrows 30

31 Monitoring of Beef Cattle and Pastures Work being conducted through Kansas State University 31

32 Lightning strikes

33 Unmanned Sprayer The Yamaha RMAX crop sprayer (246cc gasoline twin) with an AUW of 207 lb. has an endurance of minutes with a payload capacity of 66 lbs. (equivalent to about 10 gallons of gasoline, which could be used for extending endurance) 33

34 23 cc two-cycle engine from a Yamaha weed whacker. A tank of mixed gas keeps the chopper flying for an hour. The G15 weighs 15 lbs. and is capable of carrying 15 lbs. The carbon fiber rotors have a 71 inch span. G15 AutoCopter - $50,000 to $75,000 34

35 The ebee has a flight time of up to 45 minutes allowing to cover areas of up to 2400 acres in a single flight. With its 16MP camera it can shoot aerial imagery at down to 3cm/pixel resolution. SenseFly ebee - $12,000 35

36 Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution 36

LA100 - Lehmann Aviation - $990 http://www.lehmannaviation.

37 LA100 - Lehmann Aviation - $ feet - wingspan 1.9 pounds - weight Flight time only 5 minutes 37

38 Cost: $50, feet - wingspan 14 pounds weight payload of 4.4 lbs 30 min of flight time payload of 0.9 lbs 120 min of flight time Volt Aerial Robotics Chesterfield, MO 38

39 Cost: $10, feet - footprint 4.4 pounds max takeoff weight payload of 1.1 lbs 18 min of flight time payload of 0.22 lbs 25 min of flight time Volt Aerial Robotics Chesterfield, MO 39

40 Cost for Kit: $7,500 Scout Noblesville, Indiana 40

41 Cost for Kit: $17,500 Pacesetter Noblesville, Indiana 41

42 Cost: $3,698 without camera AG Pro Scout Kit by Aerial Media Pros Costa Mesa, CA 42

43 Cost for Kit: $900 UAV 350 QX AP BLH

44 14 inch - footprint 2.2 pounds max takeoff weight 10 min of flight time with just a GoPro Hero 3 camera Dji Phantom Cost (Begin at): $479 Total Kit (Begin at): $1,200 44

45 Dji Phantom 2 Cost (Begin at): $679 With Zenmuse H3-3D gimbal: $959 45

46 Dji Phantom 2 Cost (Begin at): $679 Total Kit (Begin at): $2,100 + camera 46

47 Modified Go-Pro Camera with Kit with 3 lenses - $889 47

48 Different Types of UAS Operations Model aircraft (hobby or recreation only) Civil operations (non-governmental) Public operations (governmental) Photo credit: 48

49 49 Further Interpretations June 25, 2014 Allowed Not Allowed

50 UAV Registration as of Dec. 21, 2015 Applies to: Small unmanned aircraft systems Hobby and recreational use Commercial use Public aircraft statutes Penalties: Operating an unregistered drone after Feb. 19, 2016 could result in a civil penalty of $27,500 Criminal penalties could reach up to $250,000 in fines or three years imprisonment 50

51 Model Aircraft Safety Guidelines Fly below 400 feet & remain clear of surrounding obstacles Keep aircraft within visual line of sight at all times Remain well clear of and do not interfere with manned aircraft operations Don't fly within 5 miles of an airport unless you contact the airport and control tower before flying Don't fly near people or stadiums Don't fly an aircraft that weighs more than 55 lbs. Don't be careless or reckless with your unmanned aircraft you could be fined for endangering people or other aircraft 51

52 UAS for Civil Operations FAA currently authorizes the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for commercial or business purposes on a case-by-case basis You may not fly your UAS for commercial purpose without the express permission from the FAA You will need: 1. FAA Section 333 grant of exemption, 2. Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA), 3. An aircraft registered with the FAA, and 4. A pilot with an FAA airman certificate 52

53 Registration small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (suas) (operated outdoors) 53

54 Registration Compliance Dates small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (suas) 54

55 Registration Age of Operator and Use small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (suas) 55

56 Registration Registration Information and Fee small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (suas) 56

57 Registration Certificate of Aircraft Registration small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (suas) 57

58 FAA Smartphone App - B4UFly Example near Castle Rock, CO 58

59 Can I Fly a UAS? Yes, No, Maybe Nationwide Community-Based Organization Academy of Model Aeronautics National Model Aircraft Safety Code 59

60 knowbeforeyoufly.org 60

61 Final Thoughts There is information in your pastures and fields that remote sensing can help you extract and use Other forms of remote sensing (airplane, satellite) are expensive and frustrating UAS puts the control in your hands either directly or through your adviser

Final Thoughts Will agricultural producers want to learn this technology themselves, or pay for the services of a company that can do it for them?

62 Final Thoughts Will agricultural producers want to learn this technology themselves, or pay for the services of a company that can do it for them? Just collecting the images and data won t pay the bills. The data will need to be analyzed and the results put into practice to make the farm or ranch more productive and efficient.

63 63

64 Questions?? Robert A. (Bob) Schultheis Natural Resource Engineering Specialist Webster County Extension Center 800 S. Marshall St. Marshfield, MO Voice: Fax: Web: extension.missouri.edu/webster Program Complaint Information To file a program complaint you may contact any of the following: University of Missouri MU Extension AA/EEO Office 109 F. Whitten Hall, Columbia, MO MU Human Resources Office 130 Heinkel Bldg, Columbia, MO USDA Office of Civil Rights, Director Room 326-W, Whitten Building 14th and Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC The University of Missouri does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, ancestry, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, genetic information, disability, or protected veteran status.

Unmanned Aerial Systems for Ozarks Agriculture

Unmanned Aerial Systems for Ozarks Agriculture UAS, UAV, drone Next High Tech Tool for Agriculture and Beyond by Bob Schultheis Natural Resource Engineering Specialist Photo credit: http://modernfarmer.com/2014/01/precision