Index. Cambridge University Press Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America Jennifer Pribble. Index.

Transcription

1 Acción Democrática (Venezuela), 134 AFP. See Pension Fund Administrators AFP Association. See Pension Fund Administrators, Association of AFJP. See Pension and Retirement Fund Administrator (AFJP, Argentina) Allende, Salvador, 40 41, 91, 122 Aló Presidente, 164 ANEP. See National Administration of Public Education (ANEP) Aninat, Eduardo, 102 Arellano, José Pablo, 103 Argentine Mandatory Medical Program, 148 Artaza, Osvaldo, Asamblea Uruguay, 63 Astori, Danilo, 113 AUGE. See Universal Access to Guaranteed Rights law (AUGE) Aylwin, Mariana, 101 Aylwin, Patricio, 16, 40, 46 47, 75 76, 93, , 121, Bachelet, Michelle, 1, 16, 50, 70, 78 82, 97, 99, , 126, Banco del Estado (Chile), 81 Barrio Adentro Mission (I, II, and III), , , 170 Batlle, Jorge, 83, , Batlle y Ordóñez, José, 14, 94 bicameralism, 17 Blanco Party (Uruguay), 22, 58, , 180 Boeninger, Edgardo, 51, 77 Bolivarian missions, 2, Seealso Barrio Adentro Mission (I, II, and III); Madres del Barrio Mission; Mercal Mission; Negra Hipólita Mission; Niños y Niñas del Barrio; Ribas Mission; Robinson Missions I and II; Social Missions (Misiones); Sucre Mission Bolivarian Revolution, 133 Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement (MBR 200), 138 Bolsa Família, Bonosol, 181 Bordaberry, Juan, 128 Caldera, Rafael, 158, 164 Carrillo, Ramón, 149 cash transfer, 84, 157 conditional, 84, 182 CASMU. See Mutual Aid Society of the Uruguayan Doctors Union (CASMU) Castañeda, Jorge, Castiglioni, Rossana, 17, 19 Central Directive Council (Codicen, Uruguay), 96 97, 107, 111, CGT. See unions, General Labor Confederation (CGT, Argentina) Chávez, Hugo, 2, 15, 17, 34 35, 133, 135, , , childcare, 145 Chile Crece Contigo, 99 Chile Solidario, 75 78,

2 210 Christian Democratic Party (PDC, Chile), 50, citizenship, benefits as a right of, 2, 71, 89, 108, 135, 157, 166 clientelism, 36, 149 Argentina, 31 32, 137, 146, 149, 155 Chile, 78 defined, 31 education and, 146 noncontributory auxiliary pensions and, 152 piqueteros and, 155 Codicen. See Central Directive Council (Codicen, Uruguay) Collective Medical Assistance Institution, 41 42, 52 54, 58 67, 124, 127, 174. See also mutual aid societies (IAMCs) Colorado Party (Uruguay), 22, 58, 107, 116, , 177, 180 Communist Party (Uruguay), 110 Concertación (Chile), 18, 22 23, 26, 34, 46 48, , 180 Consejo de Gremios de la Salud, 50 Constitutional Education Law (LOCE, Chile), 104 Convergencia (Venezuela), 134 Correa, Rafael, 172, Costa Rica, 22 CPC. See Production and Commerce Confederation (CPC) crisis, financial, 14 15, 45 47, 49, 83, deficits, 14 democracy, 16 17, 22, 24, 39, 44, 46, 49, 69, 73, 96, 99, , 109, , , 136, , 180, 183 designated senator rule (Chile), 18 DISSE. See Office of Social Insurance for Healthcare (DISSE, Uruguay) Dittborn, Julio, 78 double simultaneous vote (Uruguay), Duhalde, Eduardo, 149, 150, , 155, 157 economy, 35, 79, 99, 112, 133, 173 growth of, 16 education, 20 Argentina, 9 10, 101, 137, , 156, 169 Brazil, 101, 141 Chile, 1, 9, 22, 89 94, , 122, 141 Brunner Report, 102 Improvement to Educational Quality and Equity (MECE), P900 program, 98 types of schools in, Colombia, 141 Costa Rica, 101 Mexico, 141 preschool, 8, 76, 98 99, , 113, , 172 primary, 91 92, 96, 98, 100, 110 private, 28, 91, 96, 104, public, 10, 91, 93 96, , , , 137, , 145, 169 reform, 53, 60, SeealsoRama, German school abandonment and, 90, 92, 141 secondary, 27 universalism and, 10 11, 89 Uruguay, 22, 27, 94 97, , 141, 177 Venezuela, vouchers, 98 Elderly Plan, 152 electoral competition, 3, 7, 13, 25 27, 38, 49, 58, 60, 79, 87, 90, 103, 111, , , 157, 159, 164, 170, Argentina, 29, Chile, 29 social policy reform and, Uruguay, 29 Venezuela, 29 electoral system, 18 Enríquez-Ominami, Marco, 180 Equity Plan (Uruguay), Families Plan, 156 family allowance informal sector workers and, 4 Uruguay, 1, 2, 22, 27, 70, family assistance (noncontributory) Argentina, Chile, 73 Uruguay, 75 federalism, 17 FEMI. See Interior Medical Foundation (FEMI) Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina, 2, 136, 138, 149, 152, 154, , 170 Ficha-CAS means-test, 84 Fifth Republic Movement (MVR, Venezuela), 23, 34 35, , 166, 169 Filgueira, Fernando, 8

3 211 Finance Ministry Chile, 38, 48, 55 56, 68, 72, 77 80, 78 79, 82, 86, , Uruguay, 63, 74, 86, financing, sustainable, FONASA. See National Healthcare Fund (FONASA) Foxley, Alejandro, 51, 77 Frei, Eduardo, 16, 40, 46 47, 75 76, 91, 97, , , 180 Frente Amplio (FA, Uruguay), 1, 18, 22 23, 25 26, 29, 34, 58 63, 65 67, , 119, , 177, Frepaso (Argentina), 134 Gibson, Edward, 32 globalization, 13 14, 19 Chile, Uruguay, governors (Argentina), , 144, 146, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 21 22, 40 41, 45, 95, 101, , 140, 143, 145, 147, 153, Guzman, Jaime, 127 Hawkins, Kirk, Heads of Household program (Argentina), , Health Insurance Administration Service, 44, 174 Health Insurance Institutions (ISAPRE, Chile), 41 42, 46, 52 54, 67, 127, healthcare, 109 Argentina, 9 10, 137, Chile, 27, 39 42, 46 57, privatization, unified health service (Chile), Uruguay, 28 29, 39 40, 42 46, Venezuela, hoop test, 21 Hunter, Wendy, 177 IAMC. See Collective Medical Assistance Institution ideology, 20 import substitution industrialization (ISI), 4 income support programs, 1, 69 70, 76, 84, 87, 153 Independent Democratic Union Party (UDI, Chile), 22, 37, 50 53, Independent Party (Uruguay), inequality gender, 80 income, 7, 70, 124 Instituto Libertad (IL), 53, 81, insurance private, 39 social Bismarckian, 3, 39 Chile, contributory, 4, 25 Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), 14 Interior Medical Foundation (FEMI), 59, 62, International Financial Institutions (IFIs), 14 15, 27 International Monetary Fund (IMF), ISAPRE. See Health Insurance Institutions (ISAPRE, Chile) Junta de Beneficiencia Pública, 40 Kirchner, Néstor, 2, 133, 136, , 149, 152, Lacalle, Luis Alberto, 57 Lagos, Ricardo, 16, 39, 42, 48 49, 56, 75, 78, 97, 124, 126, , 179 Latorre, Lorenzo, 94 Leay, Cristián, 78 left parties. See political parties, left/center-left Left Turn, 2, 172, Levitsky, Stephen, 178 Libertad y Desarrollo (LyD), 53, 81, LOCE. See Constitutional Education Law (LOCE, Chile) Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 172, 182 Madres del Barrio Mission, 165 Madrid, Raúl, 177 Marcel, Mario, 79 maternity fund (AUGE), McGuire, James, 16 means-tested family subsidy (SUF, Chile), MECE. See education, Chile, Improvement to Educational Quality and Equity (MECE) Menem, Carlos, 9 10, 136, , , 157 Mercal Mission, methodology and case selection, Mexico, 24, 101

4 212 Misiones Bolivarianas. See Bolivarian missions Morales, Evo, 172, 177, mortality, infant, Movement for Socialism (MAS, Brazil), 178, Mujica, José, 34, 129 mutual aid societies (IAMCs), Uruguay, Mutual Aid Society of the Uruguayan Doctors Union (CASMU), 65 National Administration of Public Education (ANEP), 96 97, 107, , 115 National Attention Plan for Social Emergency (PANES), 81, National Education Act (Argentina), National Educational Congress (Uruguay), 114 National Health Service (SNS, Chile), 40 National Healthcare Fund (FONASA) Chile, 41 42, 55 56, Uruguay, 61 62, National Integrated Healthcare System (SNIS, Uruguay), National Renovation party (RN, Chile), 34, 37, 50 51, , 180 National Resource Fund (FNR, Uruguay), National Social Security Administration (ANSES, Argentina), 153 Negra Hipólita Mission, 166 Niños y Niñas del Barrio Mission, 166 obras sociales. See social health funds (obras sociales) Office of Social Insurance for Healthcare (DISSE, Uruguay), 44 Ortega, Daniel, 172, 177 Palma, Arturo Alessandri, 90 PAMI. See Plan for Integrated Medical Attention (PAMI, Argentina) PANES. See National Attention Plan for Social Emergency (PANES) Partido Social Cristiano (Venezuela), 134 Party for Democracy (PPD, Chile), 50, PASIS. See pensions, Social Assistance (PASIS, Chile) Pension and Retirement Fund Administrator (AFJP, Argentina), 151, 154 Pension Fund Administrator (AFP, Chile), Pension Fund Administrators, Association of, 80 81, 127, 151 pensions, 70 82, Argentina, , 156, 158, 170 Bolivia, Chile, 1, 1 2, 22, 27, 70, 78 82, , citizenship, 8 Latin America, 4 9 moratoria, 153 nationalization, 2, , 156, 170 noncontributory Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Social Assistance (PASIS, Chile), 71 72, 80 Uruguay versus Chile, Venezuela, 164, 166 Perón, Juan, 149 Peronist Party (PJ, Argentina), 2, 23, 29, 31 33, , , 169, Piñera, Sebastian, 79, 180 Pinochet, Augusto, 28, 39, 41 42, 72, 79, 90 93, 99, 122, 174 Pintado, Enrique, 59 Plan for Integrated Medical Attention (PAMI, Argentina), 148, 150 Plenario, 59, 64 policy legacies, 3 Argentina, Chile, influencing reform, Latin America, Uruguay, policy sectors, 27 29, 175 political parties autonomy and, 30 categorizing, 2 character of, 2, 20, 35 38, 173, , 183 Argentina, defined, 3, reform and, Venezuela, charismatic, 31, 36 37, , 178 charismatic movement, 12, 32, 35, 37, 178, 181 Chile, 28 29

5 213 constituency-coordinating, 3, 26, 32, core constituencies and, 12, 19, 31 32, 32 37, 120, 123, 128, , 155 defined, 173 electoral-professional, 3, 26, 32, 173 fractionalization of, 19 ideological orientation of, 30 internal organizational structure of, 30 31, Chile, 34 Uruguay, 34 left/center-left, 3, 26, 29 30, 30, 32, 35 37, , 158, 162, 173, Chile, electoral-professional, 36 non-programmatic-electoral, 39, populist-machine, 178 linkage mechanisms and, 20, charismatic. See political parties, charismatic clientelistic, 31, 37 interest incorporation, 31 non-programmatic, 31 programmatic, 31 non-programmatic-electoral, 3, 32, 173 charismatic-electoral, 32 clientelist-electoral, 32 corporatist-electoral, 32 organizational structure of, 20 right/center-right, 30, 32, 35, 37 38, role of, in universal welfare states, political regimes, 4, 10, 16 17, 25 authoritarian regression to, 124 social spending and, 16 Chile, 39, 41 43, 71, social policy and, types, Uruguay, 44, 90, Venezuela, 17 Popular Participation Movement (Uruguay), 110 Popular Unity (Chile), 122 poverty, 7, 33, 43, 60, 70 Primero Justicia (Venezuela), 134 privatization Chile, 27 29, 53 private actor strength and, 28 Uruguay, Production and Commerce Confederation (CPC), 127 Radical Party (UCR, Argentina), 134 Radical Social Democratic Party (PRSD, Chile), Rama, German, referenda, Renta Dignidad, research design. See methodology and case selection Revolution in Liberty (Chile), 122 Ribas Mission, , Roberts, Kenneth, 178 Robinson Missions I and II, , Sanguinetti, Julio, 57 58, 60, 90, 96, , 110, 117 SERMENA. See White Collar Workers Fund (SERMENA, Chile) Setaro, Marcelo, 58 SNIS. See National Integrated Health System (SNIS) social assistance noncontributory, Venezuela, old-age, Argentina, Social Development Ministry (Chile), 77, social health funds (obras sociales), 137, , 176 Social Missions (Misiones), 167, 170 social policy reform advanced, 9 bottom-up, 26, 38, 63, 86 88, 90, , 174 failed, 9 10 moderate, 9 neutral, 9 and political parties, regressive, 9 10 top-down, 26, 38, 54, 90, 104, , Social Security Bank (BPS), 83 Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), 2, 23, 29, 34 35, , , 166, 169, Socialist Party (PS, Chile), 50 solidarity fund (AUGE), 50, State Healthcare Administration Service (ASSE), 57 58

6 214 Sucre Mission, SUF. See means-tested family subsidy (SUF) sustainability, fiscal, 63 taxes and taxation, 15, 56, 76, Value-Added (VAT, Chile), 57, 60, 76, 102, 104 technocrats, 14, 26 27, 87, 117, , 148, 150, 173, 175 Un Nuevo Tiempo (Venezuela), 134 unemployment, 8, 7, 73, 83, 172 unified health service (servicio único de salud), 40 unions, 28 central trade (PIT-CNT, Uruguay), 58, 62 63, 107 doctors CM (Chile), SMU (Uruguay), 58 60, General Labor Confederation (CGT, Argentina), labor, 20, 28, 149 municipal health care workers (CONFUSAM, Chile), 50 and pensions, 20 reform efforts and, teachers, 58 59, 93, 96, 100, , , , , 176 Universal Access to Guaranteed Rights law (AUGE), 1, 39, 48 59, 61, 76, 92, 148, universal child allowance, 2, universalism, 23 advanced, 10 Argentina, Chile, 22 defined, 7 12, 172 Filgueira, 8 full, 54 private actors and, pure, 9 10 social protection and, 135 Uruguay, 22 weak, 9, Vázquez, Tabaré, 1, 34, 60, 84, 87 88, , , 119, 129, 179 Venezuelan Petroleum Corporation (PDVSA), , 164, 166 veto points, 17 water subsidy (SAP, Chile), 76 welfare, 2 17, 22, 25 26, 124, Weyland, Kurt, 177 White Collar Workers Fund (SERMENA, Chile), 40 women, 70, 76, 83, 151, 153, 156, workers informal sector, 4 private, 66 public sector, Workers Party (PT, Brazil), 23, 177, 182 WorldBank(WB),14 15 World Social Forum, 133