CHAPTER VI REHABILITATION OF FLOOD AFFECTED SETTLEMENTS

Transcription

1 CHAPTER VI REHABILITATION OF FLOOD AFFECTED SETTLEMENTS

2 Chapter VI REHABILITATION OF FLOOD AFFECTED SETTLEMENTS 6.1 INTRODUCTION: A term Rehabilitation is used for especially in housing policy to begin to consider that somebody is good or acceptable after a long period during which they were considered bad or unacceptable, Hornby (2005). Siddharth and Mukherjee (1994) explain rehabilitation as housing policy, for the repair and improvement of existing structurally sound property to a standard compatible with modern requirement of health and amenity. Rehabilitation or resettlement took place due to the natural hazards as like flood, political conflicts and construction of dams. There are some ancient settlements in the Dhule district which is affected by flood in monsoon season. In the study region 92 ancient settlements are located on the bank of river and her major tributaries. The area around the site of these settlements is low and highly eroded. This erosion process is still going on very rapidly. As well as these sites gate affected during the rainy season, therefore, some sites were uninhabited or deserted during the different cultural period, e.g. Manjrod and Tonde. This chapter is related with re-habilitation of flood affected Settlements in the study region, related to an account of re-habitation of flood affected settlements. It throws light on the process of re-habilitation taken by the government, actual rehabilitation, facilities provided and the problems of the rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of villages due to flood in Shindkheda and Shirpur tehsil are Shows in Table No At present there are several settlements in Dhule district which have been located below H.F.L. (High flood level). During the heavy floods these settlements gets flooded. All these settlements are located on the banks of Tapi, Panjhara, Arunavati, Burai and Aner river bank. During the floods of 2007 nearly 30 th villages located on the river banks (Fig. No. 6.1) were flooded and they require immediate rehabilitation. All these 30 th villages (Table No. 5.3) located below the height of 140 m from MSL, except the villages Mudavad (156), Vadode (153), Bhaver, (170) Pimpale (170) and Tonde (180). 140

3 Sr. No. No. Table 6.1 Rehabilitation of Villages due to Flood in Dhule District (2007) Name of the villages Code No Height from M.S.L. (meter) 141 Site L.B. Left Bank R.B. Right Bank Shindkheda Tehsil 1 June Achhi Tapi L.B. 2 Aakhade Tapi L.B. 3 Chavalde Tapi L.B. 4 Hispur Tapi L.B. 5 Jasane Tapi L.B. 6 Kalgaon Tapi L.B. 7 June Kodade Tapi L.B. 8 Kumbhare (P.N.) Tapi L.B. 9 June Langane Tapi L.B. 10 Lohgaon Tapi L.B. 11 Mudavad Panjhra-Tapi Duab 12 Ranjane Tapi L.B. 13 Sahur Tapi L.B. 14 Shewade Arunawati R.B. 15 Sonewadi Tapi L.B. 16 Vasmane Tapi L.B. 17 Newade Tapi L.B. 18 Vadode Tapi L.B. 19 Vadali Tapi L.B. Shirpur Tehsil 20 Adhe Stream 21 Anturli Tapi R.B. 22 Bhaver Aner R.B. 23 Pimpale Aner R.B. 24 Rudawali Tapi R.B. 25 Savlde Tapi R.B. 26 Tekwade Tapi R.B. 27 Tonde Tapi R.B. 28 Londhare Tapi R.B. 29 Uparpind Tapi R.B. 30 Vanaval Tapi R.B. (Source:Compiled by the researcher)

4 These villages are located at high elevation even though they are affected by flood water because of the area around the site of these settlements is highly eroded. The process of ravine is steel going on. As the soils of the above sites are alluvial, they content high percentage of calcium, potassium and sodium. As a result such soils become friable and easily erodible by the agents of erosion due to the chemical composition of soil (Patil, 1993). As a result ravine erosion, gully erosion is common process on the river banks. Though the settlements of river bank site are located at much above from H.F.L., due to the ravine and gully erosion they get encircled by the flood water and they lose their contact with the surrounding region. Therefore, such sites require their rehabilitation in safe areas, which are free from flood, gully and ravine erosion. Fig. No PROCESS OF REHABILITATION: In study region flood affected settlements are located on river Tapi bank. In this area the rate of ravine and gully erosion is very high. Actually these settlements located on higher elevation but at the time of flood they lost their contact. The process of rehabilitation is going on following villages. The rate of rehabilitation is very low. The amenities given by the government are scanty. People are not satisfied about the amenities given by the government. They wanted large number of amenities. In some villages people are ready to rehabilitate but government can t give land to him; but in 142

5 some settlements government given land but people didn t want to rehabilitate. They think ancient sites are auspicious. Following are some settlements where the process of rehabilitation is either completed or going on REHABILITATION OF SETTLEMENTS COMPLETED IN THE STUDY REGION: In the study area the process of rehabilitation is completed in the badly flood affected settlements. In the process of rehabilitation some villages are rehabilitate nearby and some are away from the old settlements. The social arrangements of the villages are disturbed and economic setup also collapsed. The rehabilitation of the settlement due to flood is completed in the following settlements. (Fig.6.2) Tonde: Fig. No. 6.2 Tonde is the Village in Shirpur Tehsil in the District Dhule. It is located 25.7 km away from Shirpur. Population of Tonde is Males are 1495 and Females are 1,439 living in 589 Houses. Total area of Tonde is 1292 hectares. Tonde is fully rehabilited ½ Km away from old settlement. 143

6 Photo No. 6.1 Old Flood Affected Settlement Tonde In the new settlement the amenities like Pakka road, School building, Grampanchayat building, water tank are available. Plots are allotted to the villagers. The buildings or houses are constructed by villagers himself. The cost of old houses given to the villagers by government is very low. The villages are facing problems like poor sanitation and poor drinking water facilities. Photo No.6.1 and 6.2 shows the old and new settlement. Photo No Tonde rehabilited Settlement 144

7 Manjrod: Manjrod is located on the right bank of river Tapi. Prime business of village is farming. Manjrod is known for sugar cane production in Dhule district. Due to floods of Manjrod was rehabilitated to new place. Manjrod is located 07 Km away from old settlement towards North. The remarkable feature of the new Manjrod is the checkerboard pattern of settlement Fig LOCATION OF VILLAGE MANJROD Fig. No. 6.3 The lanes of the settlements meet to each other in right angle. The amenities given by the government are metalled road, drinking water, School building, Grampanchayat building, drainage systems, electrification, PHC. Sukawad: Sukawad is 07 Km away from Shindkeda. Old Sukawad is located on the left bank of river Tapi. New Sukawad is located 03 Km southward to the old settlement. Old settlement is badly affected by gully erosion. New site is safe from flood as well as gully erosion. Fundamental needs are provided by the government. Sukawad is located in the black cotton soil area. Kodade: Kodade is a Village in Shindkheda Tehsil in Dhule District. It is located 18.5 km away from Shindkheda. It is located on left bank of river Tapi. Kodade is rehabilitated 06 Km away from old settlement. Photo- No.6.3 shows the residuals of old settlement. 145

8 Photo No June Kolde Photo No. 6.4 gives information about New Kolde. New Kolde is facilitate by metalled road, drinking water, School building, Grampanchayat building, drainage systems, electrification. Photo No New Kolde 146

9 Langane: Langane is in Shindkheda Tehsil in the District Dhule. Langane is 41.1 km far from Dhule. Total population of Langane is 1060.Males are 552 and Females are 508 living in 217 Houses. Total area of Langane is 805 hectares. Photo No June Langane Photo No Village New Langane 147

10 Langane is located on left bank of river Tapi. Rehabilitated Langane village is 10 Km away from old Langane. Photo No-6.5 and 6.6 gave information about old and new Langane. In the rehabilitated settlement facilities like mettaled road, drinking water, School building, Grampanchayat building, drainage systems, electrification are given by the government REHABILITATION OF SETTLEMENTS PROGRESS IN THE STUDY REGION: In the study the work of rehabilitation is slowly going on. Adhe, Kalgaon, Kumbhare (P.N.) and Ranjane are the settlements where the rehabilitation is in progress (Fig 6.4). In Adhe actual construction of house is in working. In other villages land is acquired by the government. Adhe: Fig. No. 6.4 Adhe is Village in Shirpur Tehsil. It is 6.8 km distance from Shirpur and 45.3 km away from Dhule. Total population of Adhe is Males are 558 and Females are 525 living in 219 Houses. Total area of Adhe is 732 hectares. The location of old Adhe is prone to flood. Photo No.6.7 In the flood of 2006 whole village is encircled by flood water. Adhe lost their contact more than 04 days to the surrounding. 148

11 Photo No Old Settlement Adhe Photo No Rehabilitation of Adhe The construction of houses is in progress at rehabilitated village. Photo No.6.8 Rehabilitated village is only 2.5 Km away from old settlement. Amenities given by the government in rehabilitated village are very scanty. Government construct only school building and Grampanchayat building. People are not ready for the rehabilitation because they don t want to leave its forefathers site. 149

12 Kalgaon: Kalgoan Village is in Shindkheda Tehsil in Dhule district. It is 41.1 km from Dhule. Total population of Kalgoan is 379. Males are 180 and Females are 199 living in 81 Houses. Total area of Kalgoan is 235 hectares. Photo No.6.9 For the rehabilitation of village land is acquired by the government, but there is a conflict between villagers and government. Kalgaon is located exact on left bank of river Tapi. Maximum population is tribal population. Main occupation of villagers is fishery, they don t want go away from river bank. Photo No Kalgaon Kumbhare (P.N.): Kumbhare is a Village in Shindkheda Tehsil in Dhule district. It is 41.1 km away from Dhule. Total population of Kumbhare is 477. Males are 242 and Females are 235 living in 99 Houses. Total area of Kumbhare is 427 hectares. Photo No In the rehabilitation process 11 acre land is acquired but plots are not allotted to the villagers. New proposed village is 01 Km away from old village. People are ready to rehabilitate but they want government gives all necessary facilities like mettaled road, electrification, water supply, drainage, school building, grampanchayat building etc. People are waiting for rehabilitation because they live in danger zone. Kumbhare is badly affected in 2006 flood. 150

13 Photo No Kumbhare Photo No Discussion with Citizens of Kumbare about Rehabilitation Ranjane: Ranjangane is a Village in Shindkheda Tehsil. Total population of Ranjangane is 1782.Males are 914 and Females are 868 living in 378 Houses. Total area is 1285 hectares. Photo No for the rehabilitation land is not available because highly fertile land is used for agriculture. People are ready to rehabilitate because they experience 2006 flood. In the flood of 2006 whole village is encircled by the flood water. 151

14 Photo No Ranjane REHABILITATION OF SETTLEMENTS NEEDED IN THE STUDY REGION: In the process of rehabilitation of settlements following villages are completely ignored by the planners. Actually these villages are located in danger zone of flood. (Fig. 6.5). Fig. No

15 Vanaval: Vanaval is a Village in Shirpur Tehsil in Dhule District. Total population of Vanaval is 2070.Males are 1025 and Females are 1,045 living in 382 Houses. Total area of Vanaval is 1054 hectares. The height of Vanaval is 188 M. from sea level. Vanaval has a long history of flood. In many time of flood water entered in the village. In the flood of 1968 the high flood level is marked on Hanuman temple, (Photo No. 6.13) this temple is located in the central part of the village. Whenever flood occurred people had a fear. So there is an urgent need of rehabilitation. Photo No HFL in 1968 at village Vanaval in Shirpur Upparpind: Upparpind is the Village in Shirpur Tehsil in Dhule District. Total population of Upparpind is 695. Males are 355 and Females are 340 living in 122 Houses. Total area of Upparpind is 417 hectares. Upparpind is located on left bank of river Tapi. The village is very close to river bank. (Photo No. 6.14) Many times flood water enters in the village, Village lost its contacts according to Bansilal Doda Patil in the flood of 1968, 1993 and 2006 Upparpind experienced high flood. It is better to resettled village on a safe side which is free from flood as early as possible. 153

16 Photo No A view of river Tapi at Upparpind Akadase: Akadase is located on right bank of river Tapi in Shindkheda tehsil. It is few meter away from river bank. (Photo No. 6.15) This village is comes under the high flood prone area, but the process of rehabilitation is yet not start. Photo No Akkadase in Shindkheda tehsil 154

17 Rudawali: Rudawali is a Village in Shirpur Tehsil in Dhule District. It is 9.4 km away from Shirpur. Total population of Rudawali is 1223.Males are 621 and Females are 602 living in 204 Houses. Total area of Rudawali is 660 hectares. It is located on right bank of river Tapi. The rate of gully erosion is very high along the river bank. High dissected bank are found near the village Rudawali.( Photo No. 6.16) Photo No Location of village Rudawali Lohgaon: Lohgaon Village is in Shindkheda Tehsil. It is 41.1 km away from Dhule city. Total population of Lohgoan is 777. Males are 376 and Females are 401 living in 162 Houses. Total area of Lohgoan is 278 hectares. Lohgaon is very close to Tapi river, there is urgent need of rehabilitation. Ner: Ner is located on right bank of river panzara. Village is much closer to river bank (Photo No ) many times flood water entered in the village. The construction of houses is exactly on river bank. Flood water easily entered in the village. No rehabilitation process is start in the village. Villagers are ready to rehabilitate but government cannot take any action. 155

18 Photo No Location of village Ner Dahiwel: Village Dahiwel is located on left bank of river Kan which is major tributary of river Panzara. Village is much closer to river bank. (Photo No ) the river bank is badly eroded by the river water. At the time of high flood river bank is eroded that is dangerous for village. If the village is rehabilitated on safe place, it is helpful to minimize the future disaster. Photo No Location of village Dahiwel 156

19 6.2.4 AMENITIES GIVEN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN THE REHABILITATED SETTLEMENTS: In the process of rehabilitation people lost their socio-economic setup as well as agriculture land. In the rehabilitated villages government gives fundamental amenities like road, school building, water supply, drainage system, Grampanchayat building. People are not satisfied with government amenities. The constructions of houses are constructed by the people himself. People want to give maximum amenities MEASURES FOR THE SAFETY FROM FLOOD: To minimize the flood hazard many flood controlled methods are used by government. At many places government construct safety wall to minimize flood hazard. Photo No shows safety wall construction at Nyahlod. PHOTO NO.6.19 WALL CONSTRUCTED AT NYAHLOD IN DHULE TEHSIL FOR FLOOD PROTECTION ********** 157