South West CORNWALL 3/1211 (E ) SX

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1 CORNWALL Caradon 3/1210 (E ) SX SX KINGSAND TO CAWSAND SEWAGE TRANSFER Kingsand and Cawsand Sewage Transfer Pipeline, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 49pp, figs, tabs, refs During the course of the watching brief seven sections were cut through field boundaries along the route of the corridor. These boundaries demonstrated that present day boundaries preserved evidence within their structure for how they developed from the medieval period to the present day. A Neolithic flint scatter was identified which was thought to be the result of short term or seasonal use c.3000 BC. A large assemblage of post-medieval artefacts was also recovered from the corridor, which were associated with the development of the historic settlements of Kingsand and Cawsand.[Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: NE, MD, PM, MO 3/1211 (E ) SX ST CLEER WELL Archaeological Watching near St. Cleer Well ( ) Buck, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 11pp, figs, refs During the course of the watching brief to replace iron water pipes adjacent to a Scheduled Monument (St.Cleer Holy Well), revealed no further archaeological finds or features.[au(abr)] 3/1212 (E ) SX ST WYLLOW CHURCH, LANTEGLOS-BY-FOWEY St Wyllow Church, Lanteglos by Fowey, Cornwall: An Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Jones, A & Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 14pp, figs, refs The stratigraphy in the pipe trench indicated that the upper layers were probably produced during the restoration of the church in the earlier part of the 20th century. The results from the pipe trench also demonstrated that there was a potential for archaeological deposits to survive undisturbed beneath the modern deposits. The exposed burial was also of interest because of its position and orientation. Bodies which were buried near to the chancel are frequently associated with important people or with the clergy. Within the lightening conductor pits no archaeological features were observed.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: UD Carrick 3/1213 (E ) SW SW HIGH CROSS, TRURO Work in High Cross, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) 1

2 Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 3pp, figs During the watching brief no significant archaeological remains were noted within the two small trial holes prior to work commencing. However, the remains noted included an earlier 20th century road surface constructed of wooden blocks, which was underlain by a thick layer of concrete.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO 3/1214 (E ) SW PENDENNIS CASTLE, FALMOUTH Pendennis Castle: Archaeological Watching Brief During Path Alteration ( ) Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 23pp, figs, tabs, refs During the course of the watching brief parts of the historic drain layout at Pendennis Castle were revealed. A number of cables and pipes of known value to the castle's historic fabric were also located. All pipes and cables were recorded and preserved intact.[au(abr)] 3/1215 (E ) SW PENDENNIS CASTLE, FALMOUTH Pendennis Castle, Cornwall: Archaeological Recording of a Trench in the Moat ( ) Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 9pp, figs, refs The purpose of the watching brief was to investigate a leak in the moat which was seeping oily water and causing the surrounding ground to be waterlogged. A clay drainage pipe was removed and the trench excavated to the depth of approximately 500 mm. The source of the leak appeared to be clear water issuing from a fissure in the natural bedrock, behind a section of the revetment. The trench was backfilled with hardcore to act as a French drain, channelling the water down into the cunette on the outer site of the moat.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD 3/1216 (E ) SW SW THE HORNWORKS EASTERN TRAVERSE, PENDENNIS HEADLAND The Hornworks Eastern Traverse, Pendennis Headland, Cornwall. Archaeological Survey Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 24pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs The Hornworks Eastern Traverse was surveyed at 1:200 scale as a condition attached to the planning permission for the new sewage treatment works. The Eastern Traverse was the best surviving remnant of the Hornworks defences built in 1627 and refurbished during the Civil War ( ). It consisted of an earthen rampart fronted by a defensive ditch with the remains of a gun platform (demi-bastion) above the low cliff at the far eastern end. The Eastern Traverse was a site of national significance and part of the Pendennis Peninsula Fortifications SAM Area, Cornwall 10552, which, together with Pendennis Castle and the other Fal defences, formed a site of international archaeological and historic importance. The Traverse was damaged during construction work, and reparation was made by SWW following a meeting with the English Heritage's Inspector of Ancient Monuments for the region. [Au(abr)] 2

3 3/1217 (E ) SW VENTONGLIDDER, PROBUS Ventonglidder, Probus: Well Restoration ( ) Preston-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 12pp, pls, figs, refs An ancient well with a chamfered granite doorway was partly destroyed in 1991 when a tree fell onto it, but was restored in Although the place name (Ventonglidder) suggested that there had been a well there since at least medieval times. The structure revealed by the recent works was of probable 17th century origin, with a facade which had been slightly remodelled in the 20th century.[au(abr)] 3/1218 (E ) SW WWII MAINTENANCE STRUCTURE, MYLOR YACHT HARBOUR Archaeological Recording of a WWII Maintenance Structure (Gridiron) at Mylor Yacht Harbour, Mylor Churchtown, Falmouth, Cornwall (Doc.no.00.62) Watts, M A Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2000, 26pp, pls, figs, refs Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology Through a combination of archaeological recording and documentary research, the project established the detailed dimensions and probable methods of construction of the gridiron prior to its burial. The structure was built to precise imperial measurements in shuttered mass concrete, with a series of identical iron fixings along each pier to secure lengths of timber, on which landing craft rested at low tide. The state of preservation of the gridiron was good, although it had suffered with the loss of its wooden components, corrosion of ironwork and the degredation of concrete.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO Kerrier 3/1219 (E ) SW ALMA PLACE, REDRUTH Alma Place, Redruth, Cornwall: Archaeological and Historic Building Recording ( ) Johns, C, Berry, E & Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 57pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs The first stage was a detailed programme of research carried out into the history of the site. The Alma Street frontage was built in 1880 on the site of an early 19th century Baptist Chapel, behind the frontage was the old Meat Market, built in The buildings were gutted by fire in 1982 and have remained derelict since then. During the second stage, the evaluation demonstrated that the carriageway, drains and pillar bases of the Meat Market survived just below the concrete floor of the furniture warehouse. The third stage consisted of further recording, the below ground deposits being described as 'rubble backfill in disused cellars'.[au(abr)] 3/1220 (E ) SW BLOWING HOUSE STAMPS, GODOLPHIN, BREAGE Blowing House Stamps, Godolphin, Breage: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) 3

4 Lawson Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 18pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs Following monitored topsoil stripping, a series of archaeological features were revealed. These were subsequently shown to represent three distinct phases of activity. Three launders, one buddle and spreads of tinning waste represent the earliest phase and were directly associated with the dressing floor and stamps. Two pits and a spread filled with burnt smithing waste related to the 1820s use of the blowing houses as a smithy shop. The latest phase was recent and primarily related to domestic trenches and a footpath.[au(abr)] 3/1221 (E ) SW DUDNANCE LANE, POOL Dudnance Lane, Pool, Cornwall: An Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 15pp, figs, refs The watching brief was held to record the details of a previously unknown tunnel that had been revealed by a collapse of its roof. A length of tunnel roughly 30 metres long was revealed running in a NNE to SSW direction, at a depth varying between 1.0m to 2.0m below the current ground surface. No evidence for the function of the tunnel was observed.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: UD 3/1222 (E ) SW HYPERFIX NAVIGATION SITE, BASS POINT, THE LIZARD Hyperfix Navigation Site, Bass Point, The Lizard, Cornwall: Archaeological Recording ( ) Johns, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 13pp, pls, figs, refs Following the decommissioning of the station the National Trust proposed to partially dismantle the site, leaving sufficient remains for any visitors to understand the layout of the complex (ie concrete bases, antenna mast base, antenna guy blocks, the gravel floor and compound security fence). This partial preservation in-situ was to be supplemented by preservation in record in the form of measured survey and photography of the external arrangements and also the interior of the Navigation (control) module, the Generator Module and the Antenna Tuning Unit.[Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO 3/1223 (E ) SW MARSHALL'S SHAFT, TROON Marshall's Shaft: An Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Lawson Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 28pp, figs, refs During the course of the watching brief, three long and four short lengths of trench were excavated. Archaeological remains and features were found at a number of locations. A boundary shaft and a small tunnel or rising were located in Trench 2. Deep deposits of mine waste were located all around Trench 3. A further two tunnels along with a sunken area were found in Trench 5. Tunnels and walls were located in Trench 6, and a probable stone and timber constructed water way or lauder were discovered at the extreme end of Trench 3.[Au(abr)] 4

5 3/1224 (E ) SW TOLGARRICK ROAD, CAMBORNE Tolgarrick Road: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 3pp, figs The watching brief undertaken during shaft treatment works revealed that due to the result of dumping of rubbish and waste from mining and quarrying only one of the nine shafts and two adits were visible at the surface. These shafts were the subject of safety works in order to upgrade the area for public access and amenity.[au(abr)] 3/1225 (E ) SW WHEAL HARRIET WINDER, LOWER PENGEGON Wheal Harriet Winder, Lower Pengegon, Dolcoath, Cornwall: Archaeological Recording during landscaping and consolidation ( ) Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 21pp, pls, figs, refs During the course of the watching brief, removal of spoil from around the winder revealed two concrete winder loadings and a granite-block compressor plinth along with associtaed holes and rebates for retaining bolts and other machinery. Parts of the surrounding boiler house were also revealed.[au(abr)] North Cornwall 3/1226 (E ) SW BEAR'S DOWN, ST EVAL Bear's Down, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief (200056) Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 11pp, figs, refs The watching brief consisted of recording ten trial trenches which were sited at the positions of the proposed turbines. Although no artefacts or archaeological features were discovered, the area was still likely to possess considerable archaeological potential.[au(abr)] 3/1227 (E ) SX BODMIN TOWN LEAT IMPROVEMENT SCHEME Interim Summary Report of Archaeological Recording: Bodmin Town Leat Improvement Scheme (Doc.no.00.64) Exeter Archaeology Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2000, 17pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology 5

6 The main aim of this study was to chart the development of the different structures and construction types recorded along the length of the leat system. Much of Bodmin leat was culverted and two basic types of construction were found: sidewalls with an arch (barrel vaulting), and sidewalls with a capstone/ lintel (rectangular cross section). Both styles of culverting were employed as a construction method since the medieval period. Some styles of barrel vaulting tended to belong to the postmedieval period, and those constructed in brick will almost certainly be of 18th- or 19th-century date.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD 3/1228 (E ) SS BUDE CANAL SEA LOCK Archaeological Monitoring and Observation During the Restoration of Bude Canal Sea Lock, Cornwall (Doc.no.00.82) Dyer, M J & Collings, A G Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2000, 32pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology The sea lock, was a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Cornwall No.912) and a Listed Building (Grade II). The lock was constructed between 1819 and The lock continued in operation until 1904 when a combined storm and high tide destroyed the inner gates. Since then damage has occured in 1961 and 1996, rendering the locks inoperable. In 2000, North Devon County Council undertook the restoration of the Sea Lock.[Au(abr)] 3/1229 (E ) SX CHURCH OF ST JAMES THE GREAT, ST KEW Church of St James The Great, St Kew, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Gossip, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 13pp, figs, tabs, refs A number of trenches were excavated for a new drainage system at the Church of St James the Great, the majority of which was of 14th and 15th century date. The foundations for parts of the church were revealed in the new trenches, including those of the new tower and part of the nave that may have dated to an earlier part of the church.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD 3/1230 (E ) SS CROOKLETS BEACH INTERTIDAL ZONE, BUDE Crooklets Beach Intertidal Zone, Bude, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 15pp, figs, refs The watching brief located well preserved peat deposits (including timber fragments at depths varying between -1.03m (on the east side of the beach) to -1.71m (at the western end of the trench). It appeared that though these deposits may have been scoured away by the stream that crossed the beach from the area north of its course. No evidence was recovered to link the submerged forest with the known Mesolithic flint working site from flints recovered from the eroding cliff face behind the beach.[au] 6

7 3/1231 (E ) SS CROOKLETS BEACH, BUDE Crooklets Beach Cable Laying, Bude. Archaeological Recording Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 34pp, figs, tabs, refs A submerged forest on Crooklets Beach had been recorded as early as 1848 and further identified on the 1880 OS map and was confirmed during trenching, by the discovery of organic remains. Analysis of the resultant pollen and plant macrofossil remains revealed that the beach contained a complex range of plant communities comprised of woodland, swamp, freshwater pools, cliff top and beach communities, in existence from around BC. The central portion of the modern beach contained evidence of a wooded environment growing around 3500BC, with the pollen evidence suggesting that the dominant species were oak and alder, along with ash and willow. There was no evidence to link the forest to a known site of Mesolithic date inland from the beach, although it was highly likely that the forest would have been in existence considerably earlier than 3758 cal BC. The development of woodland by BC suggested that by this time at least parts of the peat surface had grown up above the water table, although the presence of aquatic plants showed that open water pools still existed as a mosaic amongst the trees. Crooklets stream appeared to have flowed through an open swamp before meandering through woodland occupying the lower slopes of the bay and eventually out to sea. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: UD 3/1232 (E ) SX ST ADWEN(A)'S CHURCH, ADVENT Archaeological Watching Brief at St Adwen(a)'s Church, Advent, Near Camelford, Cornwall (Doc.no.00.38) Gent, T H Exeter : Exeter Archaeology, 2000, 10pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: Exeter Archaeology No remains of any earlier church structures were observed in the drainage trenches. Three sherds of ridge tile found represented part of an earlier roof to the present standing church.[au(abr)] 3/1233 (E ) SX ST GURON'S WELL, BODMIN St Guron's Well, Bodmin Parish Churchyard, Cornwall: Archaeological Survey ( ) Preston-Jones, A & Mattingly, J Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 3pp, pls, figs, refs Documentary research revealed that the well was, until the last century, the most important source of drinking water for the town. It was likely to have been the focus of the earliest settlement in the area and featured in the 12th century "life" of St Petroc, the patron saint of the church. Although there were references to work to the well and the aqueducts in the churchyard from the 16th century, remains of this phase are all below ground. The present well house, which incorporated much re-used masonry, probably dated from the early 19th century and incorporated a number of 20th century additions.[au(abr)] 7

8 3/1234 (E ) SS STOWE BARTON BUNGALOW Stowe Barton Bungalow Electrification, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 13pp, figs, refs The watching brief identified that the service trench crossed an area of landscaped ground. The presence of a ditch identified by the RCHME was confirmed, being cut into solid bedrock, 2.6m wide and over 1.0m deep, with almost verticle sides. The age and function of this ditch was not determined, but it was most likely a garden feature associated with the 1670's Great House. No other archaeological features were observed.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: UD Penwith 3/1235 (E ) SW SW BREA DOWNS TO DOWRAN COMMON, ST JUST Brea Downs to Dowran Common, St Just, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Cole, R Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 54pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological watching brief revealed historic zones including former heathland, ancient Enclosed Landscapes, prehistoric remains and post-medieval stream-workings. Flint finds of Mesolithic and Neolithic date, representing the first recovered artefacts from this area and showing continuos human activity in the landscape, dating back well over 6000 years were revealed. Two Iron Age/Romano-British ditches, contemporary with a fortified enclosure to the south east of Dowran were identified. Unstratified pottery of similar date was recovered from nearby fields while two further sherds of possible Iron Age pottery were recovered in a ditch feature within Recently Enclosed Land to the south. Medieval and early post-medieval artefacts and agricultural features, including boundaries, grubbed-out banks and ditches were located. Data collected provided insights into the various phases of enclosure of heathland between the 18th and 19th centuries and the creation of various post-medieval smallholdings. Evidence of mining including stream-works at Dowran and Numphra. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: ME, LNE, IA, PR, RO, MD, PM, MO, UD 3/1236 (E ) SW MADRON WELL CHAPEL Madron Well Chapel: Rebuilding of Vandalised Stonework ( ) Preston-Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 12pp, pls, figs, refs Rebuilding and stabilisation was carried out at Madron Well Chapel due to a spate of vandalism to the chapel in which stones in the doorway of the well were repeatedly pulled down. Madron Well is perhaps one of the most famous of Cornish holy wells, its curative powers being well recorded and attracting people from all parts of Cornwall in the past.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD 3/1237 (E ) SW ST FELICITAS CHURCH, PHILLACK 8

9 St Felicitas Church, Phillack, Cornwall. Archaeological Watching Brief Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 44pp, pls, figs, tabs, refs A watching brief was undertaken within the churchyard. A probable early-medieval land surface was revealed, bounded on its eastern side by a steep sided curving bank. This was possibly a northern lip of a curvilinear ditch demarcating an early-enclosed cemetery or lann. A line of walling was found overlying the ditch, following the alignment of an earlier bank, thought to represent a medieval churchyard wall around the Lann. Two coffin-burial graves and a charnel pit were recorded. The burials were believed to be medieval, probably 16th or 17th century. Within the church a succession of three floor levels were recognised, two earlier modern mortar floors and the present floor dating from the 19th century. The upper mortar floor bore traces of tile impression on its surface, suggesting a late 13th/early 14th century date. There was no evidence for any burials within the south transept. A major phase of landscaping was identified, dating from the remodelling of the churchyard in 1826, which had involved the building of a new rectilinear boundary wall, and the levelling of the interior. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD 3/1238 (E ) SW UPTON AND GWITHIAN TOWANS Upton and Gwithian Towans: Mining Remedial Works Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 26pp, pls, figs, refs The watching brief involved the drawing of elevations and plans of two shafts and the recording of a 'bull' engine house at Wheal Emily. A number of other adits and shafts were also photographed and recorded. The recording and consolidation of these structures were particularly important as mining features, and particularly as they led to the discovery of a previously unknown and rare type of engine house.[au] Restormel 3/1239 (E ) SW BEAR'S DOWN Bear's Down, Cornwall. An Archaeological Watching Brief Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2001, 11pp, figs, refs A desk-based assessment, a geophysical survey and an earlier watching brief of the proposed wind farm identified several areas of potential archaeological interest. The archaeological watching brief consisted of the recording of ten trial trenches which were sited at the positions of the proposed turbines, the electrical substation and meteorological mast. Although no artefacts or archaeological features were discovered the area was still likely to possess a considerable archaeological potential [Au(abr)] 3/1240 (E ) SW ST MAWGAN IN PYDAR CHURCH St Mawgan in Pydar Church, Cornwall: Archaeological Watching Brief ( ) Thorpe, C Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 71pp, figs, tabs, refs 9

10 St Mawgan in Pydar Church is a Grade I Listed building. It stood in a curvilinear boundary enclosure that suggested the possibility that this was an early medieval ecclesiastical site or lann. However, within the areas exmained, no evidence for an early medieval ecclesiastical site was discovered. Details of seventeen graves containing the remains of at least 20 individuals were recorded. Six of the burials, predominantly the later ones, proved to be in coffins. The rest were shroud burials. Two distinct groups of graves, probably family burial plots were observed. The sequence of graves encountered showed a change in the pattern of burials through time. No direct dating evidence for the graves was obtained though they post date the 13th century transept, and pre-date the 1861/62 building of the vestry.[au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM 3/1241 (E ) SW TRELAVOUR Trelavour, Cornwall: Archaeological Recording ( ) Jones, A Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 10pp, figs, refs The four oval settling pits which were to be disturbed by the redevelopment of the site were archaeologically recorded. They represented a rare survival both in terms of their early date (19th century) and their shape, as most surviving settling pits are circular in shape.[au(abr)] 3/1242 (E ) SW WATERWHEEL AT VIRGINIA CLAY WATERWORKS, ST STEPHEN Waterwheel at Virginia China Clay Works, St Stephen, Cornwall: Archaeological Survey ( ) Thomas, N Truro : Cornwall Archaeological Unit, 2000, 14pp, figs, refs The 35ft diameter overshot wheel was used for pumping slurry from the clay pit. A tall masonry plinth adjacent to the wheel was probably used to support an angle bob. Survey revealed that a second drive from the other end of the wheels axle was used for powering flatrods; the purpose of this what not estblished.[au(abr)] 10