North West CUMBRIA 3/760 (E ) NY

Transcription

1 CUMBRIA 3/759 (E ) IRONWORKING SITES IN THE LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK Cumbria 2000: Geophysical Surveys of Ironworking Sites in the Lake District National Park Crew, P Blaenau Ffestiniog : Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd, 2000, 48pp, figs Work undertaken by: Engineering Archaeological Services Ltd Geophysical surveys were carried out on a range of ironworking sites and were successful in mapping spreads of iron-working debris and in the identification of dipolar signals, possibly in-situ ironworking features. Stone-founded structures were identified, but there was no indication that these structures were directly associated with ironworking activity. As these sites were in upland locations and had not been disturbed by agricultural activity, they had a high archaeological potential. Although some sites were small, or only small areas could be surveyed, results were still of great interest and emphasised the potential importance of the smaller sites in understanding the full chronological and technical range of ironworking sites. All of the sites produced some evidence for orientated dipolar signals, indicating that there were smelting furnaces and smithing hearths surviving in-situ. In some areas overlying slag could have the effect of reducing or distorting the negative signals. Two sites had dipolar signals with strong easterly orientations, which was of interest as only two periods had this effect; either the early Iron Age or the 10th/11th centuries. Signals from Smithy Beck, Wasdale had westerly orientations, compatible with a later prehistoric date. Date estimates on this basis were of very limited value without other supporting evidence. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: UD Allerdale 3/760 (E ) NY BOWNESS-ON-SOLWAY Assessment Report on an Archaeological Investigation at Bowness-on-Solway, Cumbria Giecco, F, Craddock, G, Wigfield, N & Zant, J M Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2001, 63pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological watching brief provided information about the condition and depth of archaeological deposits in and around the village of Bowness. The line of the eastern defences of the stone fort was confirmed, whilst the probable earthen rampart in trench 4 may have been part of the hitherto unknown eastern defences of the earlier turf and timber fort. Much of the interior of the fort appeared to have suffered considerable disturbance in the post-roman period. Records of clay-andcobble foundations provided information on the internal layout. Few medieval deposits were noted, although the presence of a number of (admittedly undated) ditches within the area of the fort hinted at a possible post-roman re-defence of the site. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: 166 Archaeological periods represented: RO, MD, PM, MO, UD 3/761 (E ) NY FIELDS 0039 AND 0933, SYKE ROAD, WIGTON Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief at Syke Road, Wigton, Cumbria (Report No. 46/00) Giecco, F Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 12pp, figs, tabs, refs 1

2 A probable palisade slot and traces of a second slot/gully were the earliest, possibly Late Pre-Roman Iron Age date finds. A large U-shaped ditch, sealed by an upper fill of sand that produced 41 sherds of Roman pottery, redefined the perimeter of the enclosure. As most of the interior of the enclosure lay outside of the investigation, it was not surprising that only one major internal structural feature was recorded. A shallow, curving gully and a concentric arrangement of 23 internal posts that probably defined the ground plan of a small, sub-oval timber building was located, with an entrance at the southeastern end. The interior was floored with a 0.15m thick layer of redeposited natural silty clay flecked with charcoal. The fill of the gully surrounding the structure produced 35 sherds of Roman pottery and single sherds were recovered from a post hole and a short length of gully. Although 3 trackways were revealed, non produced any dating evidence, but were thought to be Roman. At least five small cremation pits and one possible inhumation were excavated, possibly a Roman cemetery. No evidence of post-roman activity was noted. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: /762 (E ) NY SOUTH OF WESTNEWTON CASTLE Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief at Westnewton, Cumbria (Report No. 23/00) Grahame, R Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 5pp, figs, refs No archaeological features or finds were revealed during the archaeological watching brief. [AIP] SMR primary record number: 615 Barrow-in-Furness 3/763 (E ) SD LAMBRIGG WINDCLUSTER Lambrigg Wind Farm: Archaeological Watching Brief Report (NAA 00/32) Northern Archaeological Associates Barnard Castle : Northern Archaeological Associates, 2000, 6pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Northern Archaeological Associates No archaeological finds or features were located within the area of the proposed wind turbines. [AIP] Carlisle 3/764 (E ) NY SCOTLAND ROAD, STANWIX, CARLISLE Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief at Scotland Road, Stanwix, Carlisle (Report No. 16/01) Jeeves, JCarlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2001, 12pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological watching brief revealed: a further stretch of the (heavily robbed) north curtain wall of the Roman stone fort, together with the remains of a possible denuded rampart and an intervallum road inside the wall; a possible observation of a further stretch of the inner and outer defensive ditches of the fort as well as a cobbled surface on the berm, between the inner ditch and the fort wall. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: RO, MD, PM, UD 2

3 3/765 (E ) NY BURNFOOT FARM, LONGTOWN Burnfoot Farm, Longtown, Cumbria: Report on Geophysical Survey (Report 27/2001) Linford, P & Linford, N Portsmouth : English Heritage, 2001, 19pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: English Heritage Following the discovery of a Roman alter capital in c. 1970, during gravel excavations, a geophysical survey was carried out. Unfortunately, only a few anomalies were detected and it was not clear whether they related to the crop marks. The lack of success was probably due to the alluvial nature of the site. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: /766 (E ) NY HIGH HOUSE TO BANKS TURRET High House to Banks Turrey (52A), Cumbria. Archaeological Watching Brief Scott, A Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2001, 33pp, pls, figs, refs A series of watching briefs was undertaken during minor excavations associated with the development of the Hadrian's Wall Path National Trail. No significant archaeological features were identified during the watching brief. [Au(abr)] 3/767 (E ) NY KING EDWARD I MONUMENT, BURGH BY SANDS King Edward I Monument, Burgh by Sands, Cumbria. Watching Brief Report Town, M Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 21pp, colour pls, figs, refs An inspection and photographic survey was undertaken of the King Edward I monument. Recent repairs to the monument had seen the base of the monument exposed, revealing a number of incised inscriptions on some of the reused blocks within the base. The survey recorded a number of blocks of stone with Latin inscriptions upon them, which appeared to relate to the original monument set up in 1685 by the Duke of Norfolk. The stones recovered showed clearly that the first monument was a pillar, and a very grand affair, giving a good indication of the psyche of the man who erected the monument. The actual dedication to King Edward I amounted to only one paragraph, stating he was much revered and highlighting the situation of his death. The rest of the inscriptions appeared to relate solely to the dedicator, who appeared to have been 'rehearsing his pedigree' by highlighting his estates and positions. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM 3/768 (E ) NY NY NEWTOWN TO OLDWALL Newtown to Oldwall, Cumbria. Archaeological Watching Brief McNaught, P & Scott, A Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2001, 25pp, pls, figs A programme of watching briefs was undertaken during minor excavations associated with the development of the Hadrian's Wall Path National Trail. The area lay within the SAM of Hadrian's Wall and Vallum from the A6071 to The Cottage, in the case of the Wall, and to the road to Oldwall for the 3

4 Vallum, in Wall Miles 57, 58 and 59. No significant archaeological features were recorded during the watching brief. [Au(abr)] 3/769 (E ) NY NUMBER 4 THE ABBEY, CARLISLE CATHEDRAL Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief at Number 4 The Abbey, Carlisle Cathedral (Report No. 45/00) Reeves, J Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 9pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken during the construction of a garden wall in order to comply with SAM consent. It was probably that wall foundation 103 represented the south-west continuation of a garden wall identified on Christian's map of It was clear from later maps that the wall was demolished in advance of the construction of the new Number 4. No further deposits of archaeological significance were encountered, although it was highly likely that such remains may have lain at a greater depth, beneath the level reached in the foundation trench. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: 5309 Archaeological periods represented: PM Copeland 3/770 (E ) NY EGREMONT CASTLE Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief at Egremont Castle, Cumbria (Report No. 21/00) Grahame, R Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 5pp, figs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken during the excavation of a trench along the route of the proposed land drain. The trench was positioned alongside the existing wall of the castle, outside of the limit of the scheduled area. No natural deposits were observed and no archaeological deposits or features of pre-modern date were present. The report concluded that it was likely that the boundary wall itself was relatively recent in date, and may have been contemporary with houses at 9-13 Old Bridge. Since its construction, the western (castle) side had been used as a dump for building waste and general rubbish. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MO Eden 3/771 (E ) NY FRENCHFIELD FARM Frenchfield Farm. Geophysical Survey Report GP00-02 for Carlisle Archaeology Unit Hamilton, J K, Gormley, B & Schmidt, A Bradford : University of Bradford, Department of Archaeological Sciences, 2000, 15pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: University of Bradford, Department of Archaeological Sciences Fluxgate gradiometer and resistivity survey was carried out at the site of Brougham Castle. The site consisted of a short section of Roman road, with associated vicus, or settlement. The objectives of the survey were to determine the physical limits of the vicus and to provide any additional information about the nature of the remains. The survey detected the Roman Road and its associated vicus. While 4

5 the exact limit of the vicus was indistinct, related archaeological activity was confined to within 20m of the road. Beyond this there was evidence of other archaeological activity, but its relationship with the vicus could not be determined. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: RO 3/772 (E ) NY KIRKBY THORE ROAD IMPROVEMENT Kirkby Thore Road Improvement, Cumbria. Archaeological Watching Brief Suggett, G Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 12pp, figs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken as part of the mitigation response to the road improvements as required by SAM consent, but no archaeological features or artefacts were discovered. [Au(abr)] 3/773 (E ) NY LAND AT FIELD 0700 SHAP Land at Field 0700 Shap, Cumbria. Archaeological Excavation Heawood, R Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 45pp, figs, tabs, refs Previous evaluation had indicated a line of post holes suggestive of prehistoric settlement. During this evaluation, a large number of small pits were found, probably representing the former positions of timber posts. It was suggested that at least three timber structures had formerly stood on the site. Structure 1 was an almost complete rectangular building, and its plan form suggested that it belonged to a tradition of building used throughout much of Britain in the early medieval period (c.ad ). Few finds were associated with the building, but three loomweight fragments, datable to the 7th and 8th centuries AD, were found in an adjacent pit. The other structures present appeared to be fences or parts of buildings extending beyond the limit of excavation. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: RO, EM, UD 3/774 (E ) NY LAND BETWEEN THE A66 AND FRENCHFIELD FARM, PENRITH Report on an Archaeological Investigation on Land Between the A66 and Frenchfield Farm, Penrith, Cumbria (Report No. 4/01) Martin, G & Reeves, J Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2001, 34pp, figs, tabs, refs No definite prehistoric occupation was found, although a geophysical survey revealed evidence of possible pre-roman ditches. The preservation of Roman deposits adjacent to the Roman road was excellent and the stratigraphy was generally well preserved. However, away from the road, much of the site was archaeologically sterile. The Roman road had at least three major phases of metalling. Settlement in this area consisted largely of ribbon development along the main road, and appeared to intensify southwards. Although occupation was confined largely to the street frontages, the watching brief demonstrated that isolated areas of intensive Roman activity also occurred well away from the road. Limited ceramic evidence suggested that the settlement might have been in decline by the late 3rd century AD. Although a small amount of 4th century pottery was present, the complete absence of common late 3rd and 4th century coin types reinforced this view. Later activity in the main excavated area comprised two parallel features cutting across the Roman road and other remains, one was 5

6 excavated and proved to be a stone-lined culvery, probably of late 18th/early 19th century date. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: RO, PM, MO, UD 3/775 (E ) NY PENRITH STATION, PENRITH Penrith Station, Penrith, Cumbria. Archaeological Watching Brief Newman, C & Hair, N Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 21pp, pls, figs, refs The archaeological watching brief revealed a substantial masonry wall, in the south-western corner of the trench orientated in a north-east to south-west direction. Interestingly, this wall was on exactly the same alignment as a red sandstone retaining wall for the southern side of the moat visible on the other side of Ullswater Road. The wall within the study area, unlike the moat retaining wall, had only its bottom course constructed out of red sandstone. It did however, raise the possibility that the moat continued in a north-westerly direction underneath the present NFU offices, although it was stressed that it was not identified within any other part of the study area during the watching brief. [Au(abr)] 3/776 (E ) NY VODAPHONE AND CELLNET MAST SITES, FIRESTONE BRIDGE, NENTHEAD Vodaphone and Cellnet Mast Sites. Firestone Bridge, Nenthead, Cumbria. Archaeological Watching Brief Trippier, J M Nenthead : North Pennines Heritage Trust, 2000, 6pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: North Pennines Heritage Trust No archaeological deposits or features were identified during the watching brief. [AIP] SMR primary record number: South Lakeland 3/777 (E ) SD DALTONGATE, ULVERSTON Daltongate, Ulverston, Cumbria. Watching Brief Report McNaught, P Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 16pp, figs, refs An archaeological watching brief was undertaken in advance of the construction of a semi-detached residential dwelling. The site was close to the historic centre of Ulverston, which developed from a medieval borough. The excavation revealed underlying sandy clay subsoil, above boulder clay. No archaeological features were identified in any part of the site. [Au(abr)] 6