Archaeological Investigations Project Eastern Region ESSEX 2/225 (C.22.A016) TL

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1 ESSEX Braintree 2/225 (C.22.A016) TL LAND NORTH-WEST OF RIVENHALL OAKS GOLF COURSE, FOREST ROAD, WITHAM Land North-West of Rivenhall Oaks Golf Course, Forest Road, Witham, Essex. Archaeological Fieldwalking Report Report No.:948 Germany, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 24pp, figs, tabs, refs A fieldwalking survey on land north-west of Rivenhall Oaks Golf Course identified a possible medieval roadside settlement. No other archaeological sites were identified and there was no correlation between finds distribution and a circular cropmark enclosure previously interpreted as being prehistoric. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MD, MO, PM, PR, RO, UD 2/226 (C.22.A015) TL RIVENHALL CHURCH OF ENGLAND PRIMARY SCHOOL, CHURCH STREET, RIVENHALL An Archaeological Evaluation at Rivenhall Church of England Primary School, Church Street, Rivenhall, Essex Report No.:01/2B Orr, K Colchester : Colchester Archaeological Trust, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Colchester Archaeological Trust An archaeological evaluation consisting of three small trial trenches failed to identify any structural remains which might have been associated with the adjacent Roman villa site. The principal remains uncovered were modern drains and other features relating to past uses of the school. Roman brick/tile and pottery were found in residual contexts. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MO, RO 2/227 (C.22.A014) TL THE BUILDERS YARD, ST MICHAEL'S ROAD, BRAINTREE The Builders Yard, St Michael's Road, Braintree, Essex. Archaeological Trenching Evaluation, 2nd Phase Report No.:977 Peachey, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 11pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation prior to the building of flats uncovered three archaeological features. Two were dated to the post-medieval period and a third was not dateable. The archaeological evidence from this and other evaluations suggested very limited Roman and medieval activity in the immediate area. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, UD 1

2 Brentwood 2/228 (C.22.A026) TL ST. MARYS CHURCH, FRYERNING St. Marys Church Fryerning. Archaeological Evaluation Gibson, S Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 6pp, figs, refs An archaeological evaluation, consisting of one trench in the graveyard to the north of the church, prior to the construction of a new vestry, found no archaeological evidence. [Au(adp)] 2/229 (C.22.A024) TQ THOBY PRIORY, MOUNTNESSING Thoby Priory, Mountnessing, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation. Interim Statement of Results Ennis, T Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs Ten trenches were excavated on land surrounding the Thoby Priory SAM area (SAM 124) in advance of proposed residential development. One probable medieval feature was identified in the middle of Trench 8 and one possible post-medieval feature was identified at the north-west end of Trench 7. As both trenches flooded shortly after excavation it was agreed that these two features would be reexcavated during the next phase of machining. One narrow feature was excavated in Trench 10. This was probably a drainage ditch associated with 19th or 20th century horticultural activity. The position of both northern and southern arms of the ornamental moat was identified in Trench 4. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD Chelmsford 2/230 (C.22.A004) TL CUTON HALL, CHELMER VILLAGE WAY, CHELMSFORD Cuton Hall, Chelmer Village Way, Chelmsford, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation Saunders, M J Reading : Thames Valley Archaeological Services, 2001, 12pp, colour pls, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Thames Valley Archaeological Services An archaeological evaluation (10 trial trenches) was undertaken prior to the granting of planning permission for the residential development of the site. Two ditches, one modern and one probably medieval or later, were recorded. One sherd of early Saxon pottery and one sherd of either Saxon or Iron Age date, were recovered as residual finds. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: EM, IA, PM, UD 2/231 (C.22.A027) TL MANOR FARM, GT. BADDOW Manor Farm, Gt. Baddow, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation (Trial Trenching) 2

3 Report No.:851 Gibson, S Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs The excavation of 26 linear trial trenches on the site of a proposed agricultural reservoir located a number of ditches up to three metres in width. Although no dateable material was recovered during the evaluation, reference to the first edition OS map suggested that the ditches seen, whilst possibly reflecting much older boundaries, may have been backfilled in the more recent past. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: UD 2/232 (C.22.A017) TQ PLOT 9D, ORMESBY CHINE, SOUTH WOODHAM FERRERS Plot 9D, Ormesby Chine, South Woodham Ferrers, Essex. Archaeological Trenching Evaluation Peachey, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 31pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation prior to a residential development found features in all eight trenches. These were irregularly shaped linear features and pits containing a small amount of undiagnostic prehistoric pottery. The features uncovered shared similar characteristics to those found during previous evaluation and excavation work 60m to the north-west, on Plot 10. The deposits exposed in the trenches suggested a higher density of archaeology than on Plot 10D with a greater proportion of them being linear features. Several large unexcavated spreads may have represented linear features. The development site was clearly within an area of prehistoric (?Late Bronze Age) activity, the nature of which was indeterminate from the features discovered. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PR, UD 2/233 (C.22.E002) TL SPRINGFIELD PARK (IND.1) CHELMSFORD Springfield Park (IND.1), Chelmsford, Essex. Archaeological investigations Assessment Report Report No.: Manning A, Moore, C, Allen, M J, & Mepham, L Salisbury : Wessex Archaeology, 2001, 46pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Wessex Archaeology The evaluation uncovered a series of small enclosures of Late Bronze Age date, interpreted as possible stock pens, which may have been associated with the settlement excavated almost immediately south. A large number of features and deposits indicating medieval activity were identified adjacent to a known late medieval cottage. The finds recovered covered a relatively restricted range of material types. The majority of the assemblage was of Late Bronze Age date. A smaller quantity of Neolithic, Romano-British, Anglo-Saxon and medieval pottery were also found. Palaeo-environmental sampling revealed a low presence of charred grain and other charred remains. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: EBA, EM, LBA, LIA, MD, NE, PM, RO, UD 2/234 (C.22.A025) TL WESTLANDS COMMUNITY PRIMARY SCHOOL, CHELMSFORD Westlands Community Primary School, Chelmsford, Essex. An Archaeological Evaluation 3

4 Report No.:1013 Hounsell, D Hertford : Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust, 2001, 12pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust Despite being located in an area of archaeological potential (Romano-British pottery sherds had been found around the school site), no archaeological features or finds were identified during a trial trench evaluation of the proposed area for two all-weather football pitches. [Au(adp)] Colchester 2/235 (C.22.A031) TL LAND WEST OF COLCHESTER GENERAL HOSPITAL, COLCHESTER An Archaeological Evaluation on Land West of Colchester General Hospital (NHS Estates West District Site), Colchester, Essex Report No.:165 Brooks, H & Orr, K Colchester : Colchester Archaeological Trust, 2001, 79pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Colchester Archaeological Trust This 12ha site lay on high ground approximately 2.5km to the north of Colchester town centre. A field evaluation, comprising 28 trial trenches, in advance of development revealed a widespread area of linear features of Late Iron Age/early Roman (pre-flavian) date. For the most part, the evidence from the exploratory trenches was in the form of discrete plots of ditches and gullies of the period and was currently too fragmentary to permit an overall pattern to emerge. Other finds included a single find of Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age pottery and two ditches of medieval or possibly later date. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: LIA, MD, MO, PM, PR, RO, UD 2/236 (C.22.A029) TL SEVERALLS HOSPITAL/CUCKOO FARM, COLCHESTER An Archaeological Evaluation on the Route for Colchester Northern Approach Road, Phase 3 (Severalls Hospital/Cuckoo Farm), Colchester, Essex Report No.:159 Crossan, C Colchester : Colchester Archaeological Trust, 2001, 54pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Colchester Archaeological Trust Evaluation trenches on the proposed route for Phase 3 of Colchester's Northern Approach Road examined a total area of 3,400 sq. metres. Finds were sparse. Features that did contain dating evidence were either post-medieval or modern. Other features included a deep clay-filled trench and small charcoal-filled pits which were scattered over a large area of the site; in the absence of finds their dates remained indeterminate. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, UD 2/237 (C.22.A030) TL TOPFIELD, RAWSTORN ROAD, COLCHESTER Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Topfield, Rawstorn Road, Colchester Report No.:134 Benfield, S & Orr, K Colchester : Colchester Archaeological Trust, 2001, 19pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Colchester Archaeological Trust 4

5 Three trial trenches were excavated in advance of the proposed construction of five townhouses and a garage block. Roman pits and ditches and four probably Roman inhumations were revealed by the evaluation. All features were shallow and were covered by at least 800m m of topsoil containing residual Roman pottery. This indicated that the previous land surface had been stripped at some stage, and other material dumped on top. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, RO, UD Epping Forest 2/238 (C.22.A021) TL BUNDISH HALL, ONGAR ROAD, FYFIELD Bundish Hall, Ongar Road, Fyfield, Essex. An Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:1003 Crank, N & Keir, W Hertford : Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust An archaeological evaluation was undertaken on the moated site, a SAM. The trial trenches revealed evidence of recent levelling of the yard surface, and two service trenches. An undated ditch was recorded in Trench 1. In the same trench recent dump layers included several 17th century tiles which may have originated from the 17th century Listed barn located to the east. A farmyard surface was partially revealed in Trench 2. A cobbled, brick revetment aligned with the upstanding moat revetment further to the west, was recorded in Trench 3. Examination of a sample of brick suggested a probable late 17th century date. Residual finds from recent dump layers included sparse prehistoric, Roman and Saxon pottery sherds, though their provenance was unknown. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: EM, LIA, MO, PM, RO, UD 2/239 (C.22.A007) TQ HAWES LANE, SEWARDSTONE, WALTHAM ABBEY Hawes Lane, Sewardstone, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation by Trenching Report No.:886 Hickling, S Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 23pp, figs, tabs, refs Twenty six trial trenches were excavated as a result of a planning application for tree planting. A number of 10th to 13th century features, consisting of a line of post holes and associated gullies, ditches and pits, were recorded at the south-western corner of the development area. The post holes and gullies possibly represented a substantial structure. There was a considerable amount of burnt material in the final phase of occupation, suggesting that the structure was destroyed by fire. A little residual Roman and prehistoric material was also recovered, probably eroded from the hilltop to the north. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PR, RO, UD 2/240 (C.22.E001) TQ HILL HALL, THEYDON MOUNT Hill Hall, Theydon Mount, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation. Archive Report Report No.: Andrews, P & Fielding, S Salisbury : Wessex Archaeology, 2001, 38pp, figs, tabs, refs 5

6 Work undertaken by: Wessex Archaeology The evaluation trenches were positioned along new building and drainage works. The evaluation uncovered a flight of brick steps, an associated path and grave surfaces, which were likely to have represented two phases of garden features of a possible carriage shed/stable block. The possible demolition deposits beneath were perhaps derived from a 17th century building which may have previously occupied this part of the site. Substantial brick foundations associated with the extant west wall and cellar window arrangements of the late 16th century were also recorded. Archaeological periods represented: PM 2/241 (C.22.A008) TQ LAND ADJACENT TO THE FORMER ROYAL ORDNANCE SITE, WALTHAM ABBEY Land Adjacent to the Former Royal Ordnance Site, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Fieldwalking Survey Report Report No.:834rep.doc Barker, B Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 30pp, figs, tabs, refs A fieldwalking survey in advance of proposed tree planting on land adjacent to the former Royal Ordnance site identified an above average amount of burnt/fire cracked flint for the county, which was concentrated in the north-western corner of the survey area. This suggestion of prehistoric activity in the area was supported by the recovery of two sherds of prehistoric pottery. A large amount of postmedieval pottery and tile was also recovered. It was thought that this material originated from a demolished building located in the south-eastern corner of the field. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, PR, RO, UD 2/242 (C.22.A022) TQ THE GRANGE, SEWARDSTONE ROAD, WALTHAM ABBEY The Grange, Sewardstone Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:845 Mordue, J Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 28pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation by trial trenching was carried out on the site of a proposed new hotel. The excavations uncovered no significant archaeological deposits, mainly variations in subsoil and tree-root disturbance, with one possible gully (undated). [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MO, PM, UD Maldon 2/243 (C.22.A028) TL MARKET HILL, MALDON Market Hill, Maldon, Essex. Archaeological Trenching Evaluation Report No.:849 Peachey, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 26pp, figs, tabs, refs 6

7 An archaeological evaluation consisting of four trenches was carried out on a residential development. On the lower part of the site towards the River Chelmer, a layer of greenish grey silty clay was revealed at a depth of 1.4m. It contained 12th to 13th century pottery and was probably a layer of river mud either in situ or dumped as a result of dredging. In a trench higher up the slope of Market Hill, a gully and two probable pits were discovered. The gully contained 12th to 13th century pottery and was probably a boundary or drainage ditch. In most trenches a thick layer of post-medieval garden soil was present. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD Tendring 2/244 (C.22.A006) TM CHURCH HILL, RAMSEY Proposed Site of a New Primary School, Church Hill, Ramsey, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation by Trial Trenching Report No.:881(0) Germany, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 49pp, figs, tabs, refs Trial trenching at Ramsey, on the site of a proposed new school, located the late 18th to mid 19th century phase of Michaelstow Hall, a former manor with probable late Saxon or medieval origins. The robbed-out remnants of a brick-built cellar or basement, which may have been part of the main body of the house, were located, together with a brick built drain, and one or more phases of ancillary timber building. A well-to-do household was suggested by high quality pottery. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD 2/245 (C.22.A005) TM LAND AT BARRACK LANE, HARWICH Land at Barrack Lane, Harwich, Essex. Phase 2 Evaluation Trial Trenching Report No.:880(0) Germany, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 39pp, figs, tabs, refs A rectangular building relating to the defence of Harwich during the Napoleonic period was discovered by trial trenching in an area of slightly raised ground along Barrack Lane. The building was represented by robbed-out brick walls near the top of an archaeological sequence of post-medieval layers more than 0.7m thick. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD 2/246 (C.22.A019) TM THE CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, GREAT CLACTON The Church of St. John the Baptist, Great Clacton, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation by Trial Trenching Report No.:930 Germany, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 19pp, figs, tabs 7

8 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in advance of the proposed construction of a new floor and heating system at the church. A floor and alter base possibly pertaining to the 12th century phase of the church were uncovered 0.3m below the present day surface. Overlying the floors were deposits of sand which were cut by post-medieval vaults or graves, including one for a neonate. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM 2/247 (C.22.A018) TM THORPE HALL, STATION ROAD, THORPE-LE-SOKEN Thorpe Hall, Station Road, Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:994 Letch, A Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 35pp, figs, tabs, refs Seven evaluation trenches were excavated on the proposed residential health spa development site. The area contained several cropmark features across the south of the site that were investigated as the main aim of the evaluation. Archaeological remains were concentrated in the south-west of the site, in Trench 1, where a stratified sequence of ditches, gullies, pits and layers indicated occupation activity which principally dated to the mid-late Roman and perhaps early/mid Saxon periods. Outlying remains of ditches may have represented an associated field system. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: EM, MD, RO, UD 2/248 (C.22.A020) TM WICK FARM, ARDLEIGH Wick Farm, Ardleigh, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation by Fieldwalking Report No.:824 Germany, M Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 32pp, figs, tabs, refs Small quantities of prehistoric, Roman, medieval and post-medieval finds were discovered by fieldwalking the site of a proposed reservoir extension. A complex of cropmarks, including possible ring ditches, to the south of the farm was found to coincide with a small scatter of burnt, possibly prehistoric, flint. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, PR, RO Uttlesford 2/249 (C.22.A011) TL ALL SAINTS CHURCH, GREAT CHESTERFORD All Saints Church, Great Chesterford, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:945 Ennis, T Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 19pp, figs, tabs, refs, Great Chesterford Archaeological Group An evaluation trench located to the south of All Saints Church identified a north-south orientated wall foundation which probably dated to the late Roman period. This was located at the west-end of the 8

9 trench at a depth of 0.4m below the present day land surface. The wall foundation only appeared in the north and south facing trench sections as the portion of foundation in between had been removed by an east-west grave cut. A small patch of undisturbed subsoil survived on the east side of the wall foundation in the south facing trench section. The remainder of the trench contained mixed grave fill suggesting the presence of several inhumations. Towards the surface at the east-end of the trench was a 19th/20th century path aligned between the south door of the church and the gate leading to the Bishops House. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, RO, UD 2/250 (C.22.A023) TL HANOVER PLACE, ABBEY LANE, SAFFRON WALDEN Hanover Place, Abbey Lane, Saffron Walden, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:839 Vaughan, T Braintree : Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit, 2001, 37pp, figs, tabs, refs A trial trench evaluation was undertaken in advance of residential development. One large ditch aligned NNW/SSE was observed within trenches 1, 2, 4 and 5. It contained a large number of deposits, with frequent pottery sherds, glass shards and brick/tile fragments ranging in date from the 15th/16th century to the mid 19th century, plus a single sherd of residual late 2nd-4th century Roman pottery and a prehistoric flint flake. Only the west side of the ditch was revealed, but the profile indicated that it was a least 8m wide and 2.2m deep. A number of other post-medieval features were identified, including three post holes, two pits and two gully/ditches. They contained 17th/18th century material including pottery sherds, glass shards and brick/tile fragments. In addition, there was an associated, but undated, NNW/SSE aligned ditch which was disturbed by a modern service trench. At no point were features pre-dating the post-medieval period identified. There was no defined subsoil and the overburden of mixed topsoil and building rubble lay directly over the natural clay. The building debris was probably dumped during construction of the recent Hanover Place development. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, PR, RO, UD 2/251 (C.22.A009) TL LAND ADJOINING DUNMOW ROAD, TAKELEY An Archaeological Field Evaluation of Land Adjoining Dunmow Road, Takeley, Essex Mayo, C London : CgMs Consulting, 2001, 27pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in advance of the redevelopment of the site for residential accommodation. The evaluation consisted of seven trenches which revealed evidence of Late Iron Age activity and Romano-British land-use. The evaluation indicated that past human activity in the area was concentrated in the west of the site, with little archaeological strata revealed in the eastern field. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: LIA, PM, PR, RO, UD 2/252 (C.22.A010) TL LITTLE EASTON AIRFIELD, LITTLE EASTON Little Easton Airfield, Little Easton, Essex. Archaeological Evaluation (Trial Trenching) Report No.:630 9

10 Hickling, S A London : Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd, 2001, 36pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd An archaeological evaluation was carried out by trial trenching on the site of a proposed gravel extraction pit and associated haul road. Approximately 5% of the development area was excavated with the principal aim of determining the extent of any surviving archaeological features. The topsoil was removed to the level of the natural subsoil and the trenches were carefully investigated. Archaeological features were identified in trenches 1, 23, 24, 26, 34, 35 and 44. These features were pits, apart from ditches in trenches 35 and 44. The two pits in trench 32 were intercutting; the earliest of which two sherds of medieval pottery, dated to the early 13th century. No other trenches contained archaeological features. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MD, MO, UD 2/253 (C.22.A012) TL REAR OF 42B HIGH STREET, GREAT DUNMOW An Archaeological Evaluation Rear of 42b High Street, Great Dunmow, Essex Brooks, H Colchester : Colchester Archaeological Trust, 2001, 12pp, figs, tabs Work undertaken by: Colchester Archaeological Trust A trial trench evaluation uncovered several modern or post-medieval pits and ditches. There was residual Middle Iron Age and Roman potsherds and Roman tile, but no features earlier than the postmedieval period. [Au] Archaeological periods represented: MIA, PM, RO, UD 2/254 (C.22.A013) TL REAR OF SPRINGFIELDS, GREAT DUNMOW Rear of Springfields, Great Dunmow, Essex. An Archaeological Evaluation Hounsell, D & Keir, W Hertford : Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust, 2001, 15pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust Two trial trenches were excavated in response to a condition upon planning permission for the construction of three dwellings. Disturbance from 19th century quarrying appeared to have been present on at least part of the site. A layer within Trench 1 contained mainly 2nd century Roman material, in addition to sparse abraded sherds of later Roman and post-medieval date. No features were revealed above or below this layer. A similar layer in Trench 2 (though containing few finds) sealed a ditch of probable 18th century date. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, RO 2/255 (C.22.A002) TL UNITED REFORMED CHURCH, GREAT DUNMOW United Reformed Church, Great Dunmow, Essex. An Archaeological Evaluation Report No.:974 Gardner, R V Hertford : Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust, 2001, 26pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust Three trial trenches were excavated prior to the determination of a planning application to redevelop the site. The evaluation revealed stratified Roman deposits to be present, though some later truncation 10

11 of parts of the site had been caused by gravel quarrying in the post-medieval period. Roman features and layers were dated to the 1st to early 2nd centuries by ceramic evidence. They included ditches and a pit, in addition to a levelling/occupation deposit present across part of the site. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, RO 11