VANILLA FROM MADAGASCAR

Transcription

1 VANILLA FROM MADAGASCAR Claude ANDREAS Kampala - Uganda November 2011

2 Vanilla flowers

3 Vanilla beans

4 Conquistador CORTEZ with MOCTEZUMA

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7 Madagascar Vanilla - Introduced into the Island in Former productions : 1924 : 300 Tons 1929 : 1091 Tons (1st producing country in the world)

8 Geographical distribution in Madagascar of Vanilla species (endemic to the Island) A : vanilla montagnacii B: vanilla decaryana D C: vanilla madagascariensis E C D: vanilla perrieri E: vanilla coursii F: vanilla francoisii F B A

9 LA VANILLE - Famille des orchidacées - Seul le genre «Vanilla» produit des gousses - 3 sont cultivées: Vanilla tahitensis (vanille Tahiti) Vanilla pompona (vanille des Antilles) Vanilla planifolia ou vanilla fragrans - Vanille Mexique - Vanille Indonésie - Vanille Bourbon (vanille de Madagascar, La Réunion, Les Comores, Mayotte et Seychelles)

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12 The traditional preparation of vanilla Harvest

13 The traditional preparation of vanilla Washing

14 The traditional preparation of vanilla Scalding

15 The traditional preparation of vanilla Sweating

16 The traditional preparation of vanilla Sun drying

17 The traditional preparation of vanilla Grading and measuring

18 Vanilla from Madagascar months 2 months - Blooming and pollination : august to january (2 to 3 years after the planting) Harvest : (8 to 9 months after pollination) june-july-august Preparation : Scalding (65 C during 2-3 mn) Sweating (in large crates lined with woolen blankets) Drying (in the sun and in the shade) Curing (in wooden trunks lined with greaseproof paper) Grading and measuring Packing 6 kg of vanilla green beans for 1 kg of black processed vanilla 18 months beetween the pollination and sale

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20 Location of current areas of cultivation of vanilla (planted areas) Region SAVA ha Region DIANA ha Tamatave area ha Others regions 200 ha Total Madagascar ha

21 Operators of the vanilla sector producers ( in the region of SAVA) collectors and «curers» 30 exporters (5 export more than 100 tons/year)

22 Period Period of reform and liberalization of the vanilla sector The sector is liberalized in May 1995 and the export tax abolished in : liberalization of the vanilla market (Decree No of May 9, 1995) Art. 1: green and prepared vanilla s prices, at local market and export are liberalized

23 The vanilla sector had been declining during the period preceding the liberalization Malagasy Vanilla sector experienced crisis due to an excessive taxation policy (unique tax up to USD 21 in 1995) which had penalized Malagasy vanilla competitiveness on international market (burning of unsold 2000 tons in 1993). At the beginning of the nineties: decrease of Malagasy international market share to 30% (77% at the beginning of the seventies) to the benefit of Indonesia. 1995: decrease of vanilla share in Malagasy export value to 9% (17% in 1994, 20% in 1987).

24 The vanilla sector had been declining during the period preceding the liberalization First victim : Producers substituted vanilla cultivation for growing rice. Low productivity Young people showed disinterest for vanilla cultivation : more than 44% of producers were more than 50 years old, only 15% were less than 35.

25 European Union and Malagasy Government invest for the vanilla sector revival Cultivation and preparation Assistance: Semi intensive cultivation techniques trainings for 120 producers associations led to 3400 ha of new plantations. Development and publishing of handbooks easily understandable for the producers. Conception and distribution of producer card useful for the «traceability» of the exported vanilla Follow up of the plantlets flowering for a scientific determination of campaign opening dates

26 Redynamised and secured vanilla sector A preserved and descendant transmitted know how: cultivation and preparation practiced through many successive generations for 83% of the encountered producers. Preservation of the know how with a renewed participation of young people: 26% of producers are less than 35 years old. 12% are women who have their own vanilla plantation

27 Redynamised and secured vanilla sector An increasing number of producers prepare themselves their vanilla crops (88% of producers). An important skilled workforce at exporters disposal (about 6000 permanent and 4000 temporary workers for 30 exporters establishments)

28 Redynamised and secured vanilla sector Many exporters have their own control laboratory at buyers disposal

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30 Vanilla price variations

31 Export statistics of Madagascar vanilla (Source: Central Bank of Madagascar) Unit price (USD) 52,5 100,0 137,9 199,0 216,6 25,1 28,1 18,1 22,5 21,4 25,2 Value (millions USD) 58,3 164,1 115,8 226,4 139,8 48,0 47,4 55,2 48,4 43,5 60,7 Qty (tons)

32 PGI: Protected Geographical Indication A guarantee of the link between a product and its geographical origin. The PGI is a way for all of us to protect the reputation of our product and our area. It can help producers to protect themselves against unfair competition Madagascar s trumps: 9 A know-how recognized since one century 9 A well delimited production area 9 A worldwide reputation 9 Commercial traceability : applicable to all vanillas exported to answer at the request of the importers, to reassure the purchasers and to dissociate competitor countries

33 THANK YOU