Laura Muller. Day: Monday Date: 22/10/2012. Year: 9 Period: Subject: Humanities

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1 Laura Muller Day: Monday Date: 22/10/2012 Year: 9 Period: Subject: Humanities Learning Intention: Introduce understanding of the link between demand and marketing through the design and promotion of a product or service Academic Vocabulary: Ecotourism Beginning 10 minutes Body Review 5 minutes Introduce what will be covered over coming few weeks in relation to fieldwork and mapping assessment Discuss option of having lunch while on field trip Students to select their own groups for fieldwork, minimum of 3 student s maximum of 4 students per group. Students to revisit glossary terms of sustainability and sustainable tourism before adding ecotourism Students to read Ecotourism section from Chapter 8.3 Big Ideas as a class before answering the three questions. Students to give answers before moving on to next section Students then read through Ecotourism in Ecuador and answer the questions. After answers are discussed, student to complete a Venn diagram showing similarities and differences of sustainable tourism and ecotourism Students shown some Australian examples of sustainable tourism and ecotourism on board Student to work in pairs on designing an ecofriendly theme park with sheet to be handed in at the conclusion of the lesson Theme park to have a map with detailed legend identifying attractions and services. Handout on Taronga Zoo and how they have implemented sustainable options is available for students to look at possible ideas for their theme park. Students who finish this will be asked to write a webpage blurb for their theme park that highlights its special features and explains how it meets ecotourism principles. Resources: Glossary Chapter 8.3 Big ideas handout Venn diagram handout Theme park design handout Examples of sustainable tourism and ecotourism Taronga Zoo printout on use of sustainability within the zoo park Strategies for differentiation: Students to name and hand in theme park sheet and return handouts. Students to confirm the groups they will be in for fieldwork Brief outline of tomorrow s lesson covering tourism in Echuca/Moama

2 Laura Muller Teacher reflection: (E5) Students were a bit noisy to start with but appeared to settle once they were asked to add terms to their glossary. I didn t consider the levels of students when asking them to read from the handout sheet so this may have made Jayden uncomfortable but it was pleasing to see he still gave it a go. In future I will refer to the On Demand Testing results to be a bit more selective on who reads. Although the students completed the two lots of comprehension questions reasonable quietly, better instructions on setting these out in their books would have got them started more quickly. Need to encourage students who don t regularly contribute to give answers to these questions rather than relying on the same students all the time. Students were not keen to contribute any suggestions for the Venn diagram but all appeared to copy down responses once they were written on the board. Design of eco-friendly theme park began well with most students getting into it, however there were a few who may have required much more assistance such as Brad and Josh as they seemed to be quite lost. As students didn t finish their features and designs, this will be carried over into Tuesday s lesson. Need to work on time management and noise level control.

3 Source 8.32 In order to preserve the remarkable prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux in France, the caves were closed to the public in Tourists today visit a virtual replica of the site that was opened nearby in 1983; only preapproved qualifi ed archaeologists are allowed into the real caves. 8.3 How can tourism be made sustainable? Growing awareness about human impact on the planet has led people to start thinking about more responsible ways to travel. This includes choosing the types of transport that minimise greenhouse gases, or paying for trees to be planted as a form of carbon offsetting. In addition, people now often choose destinations that are more environmentally friendly. Remember that sustainable tourism means that the activity or business can continue in the future without damage to the environment, economy or society. Ecotourism Ecotourism is one option that tourist operators and destinations are using to make their industry more sustainable. It is also a marketing tool, appealing to tourists who want more environmentally friendly travel. In some cases tourism operators are claiming to be practising ecotourism when they are not. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) defi nes ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. 238 big ideas humanities 3 TIES believes that those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow the following principles: minimise impacts build environmental and cultural awareness and respect provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts provide direct fi nancial benefi ts for conservation provide fi nancial benefi ts and empowerment for local people raise sensitivity to host countries political, environmental, and social climate. In summary ecotourism has the following characteristics: is nature based is educational protects the environment looks after local people.

4 Starting in the 1990s, ecotourism has been growing rapidly at 20 to 30 per cent a year. In 2004, ecotourism and nature-based tourism was growing three times more quickly than the tourism industry as a whole. Being involved in ecotourism makes sense for local economies, as more money can be earned from ecotourism than from mass tourism. For example, in Dominica in the Caribbean, overnight tourists using nature-based lodges spend 18 times more money than tourists visiting from cruise ships. For the tourists taking all-inclusive package-tour holidays, nearly 80 per cent of the money goes to airlines, hotels and other international companies, compared with tourists staying at ecolodges, where 95 per cent of their money goes into the local economy. This is because ecotourism businesses rely on local workers, services and products. Growth of protected areas, no date Area protected ( 00 km 2 ) Number of sites Total including protected areas for which date of establishment is unknown Since Yellowstone National Park (United States of America) became the world s first national park in 1872 (8991 km 2 ), a further areas have been afforded some level of protection, totalling km 2 worldwide Source 8.33 Growth of protected areas in the USA. Ningaloo Marine Park Shark Bay Monkey Mia The Pinnacles Nambung NP K E Y Visitors per year El Questro Wilderness Park Wave Rock 1 million to 5 million to 1 million to Under Source 8.34 Ecotourism visitors in Australia. Kakadu NP Kings Canyon Watarrka NP Uluru Kata Tjuta NP kilometres Katherine Gorge Nitmiluk NP Flinders Ranges Daintree NP Cairns Great Barrier Reef Whitsunday Islands Fraser Island Blue Mountains Yorke Peninsula Kangaroo Island Snowy Grampians NP Mountains Mount Gambier Victorian Alps Phillip Island Twelve Apostles Port Campbell NP Wilson s Promontory Mornington Peninsula NP Cradle Mountain Freycinet NP Gordon River Source 8.35 Tourists watch as a humpback whale breaches in Hervey Bay, Queensland. What do you know about ecotourism? 1 What characteristics make an activity or destination ecotourism? 2 What makes ecotourism attractive to local people? 3 What makes ecotourism attractive to tourists? Ecotourism in Ecuador The Kapawi Ecolodge and Reserve is located in the Amazon Basin, 250 kilometres south-east of Quito. It is close to the border of Ecuador and Peru on the Pastaza River, a major tributary of the Amazon. People can really only reach Kapawi by air it is a 10-day walk to the nearest town and Kapawi is one of the most pristine and remote areas of the Amazon Basin. It is one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth with species of plants and more than 570 species of birds. The territory of the local Achuar people covers 5000 square kilometres and is home to 6000 Achuar. The Kapawi project began in 1996 as a partnership between Conodros (an Ecuadorian tour company) and the Achuar people. They wanted to start a sustainable business that would preserve the chapter eight tourism 239

5 unique cultural and environmental assets of Ecuador s Amazon Basin. Conodros provided the initial funding, management and technological expertise to get the project started. Full management of the project was handed over to the Achuar on 1 January They now have total ownership and responsibility for the Kapawi Ecolodge and Reserve. Before Kapawi, most of the Achuar had earned money from raising beef cattle. This agricultural activity causes signifi cant damage to the environment. Today, members of the 56 Achuar communities earn a signifi cant percentage of their income from ecotourism. For the communities near the lodge, up to 60 per cent of their total income comes from direct employment at the lodge, supplying products and selling handicrafts. The lodge is built using Achuar architecture combined with modern technologies. The lodge is built on stilts to minimise the impact on surrounding vegetation. All soaps, detergents and shampoos used are biodegradable. Sewage goes through a three-step drainage process. Plastic, glass and metal waste is packed and taken away to be recycled. Paper waste is burned. Biodegradable garbage is composted. Batteries are collected and taken to countries with recycling facilities. Canoes have four-stroke outboard engines to minimise noise and pollution. The entire lodge is powered by a hybrid system of solar energy and a diesel generator. Showers have solar-heated water. Sharamentsa Pastaza COLOMBIA Quito ECUADOR Kapawi Lodge PERU kilometres Kusutkau River Wayusentsa Capahuari Kusutkau Pitzacocha Lagoon River River Ishpingo KAPAWI LODGE Kapawi kilometres Source 8.37 A tourist map of Kapawi Lodge in Ecuador. Wachirpas Lodge River ECUADOR River Source 8.36 Kapawi Lodge, Ecuador. Ishpingo KEY Achuar communities Walking path Lobo River Patococha Lagoon Bobonanza River PERU Canoeing Source 8.38 Tourist activities at the Kapawi Lodge include birdwatching. 240 big ideas humanities 3

6 Tourists who visit Kapawi can become involved in many activities, including hiking, birdwatching, visits to local Achuar communities, learning about traditional foods and medicine, camping and canoeing. Kapawi Lodge is a successful sustainable tourism business. Tourism has been managed so that the environment and the culture of the Achuar people can be maintained. In addition, the Achuar people have found sustainable ways to become part of the world economy while still maintaining their traditions. What do you know about ecotourism in Ecuador? 1 What are some of the activities people can do at Kapawi Lodge? Identify which of the four characteristics of ecotourism they meet. 2 Describe some of the features that make the accommodation at Kapawi Lodge sustainable. 3 In what ways does ecotourism at Kapawi Lodge benefi t the locals? Source 8.39 Hiking tourists from Kapawi Lodge. Other sustainable tourism options Ecotourism is not the only way tourism can be made sustainable. There are many other options for holidays that reduce the impact on the environment, such as carbon offsetting fl ights or not fl ying at all. Air travel currently accounts for 3 to 4 per cent of global carbon emissions. One travel company STA now gives its customers the option of purchasing carbon credits when they buy their airline ticket. STA calculates the distance of the trip and the tonnes of pollution it will create (see Source 8.41, page 242). Then the customer buys enough credits to neutralise the emissions they cause. This scheme works because the company uses the money paid for the carbon credits in carbon reduction programs, so that for every tonne of greenhouse gas caused by the fl ight, a tonne of greenhouse gas will be prevented from being produced somewhere else. Source 8.41 gives some examples of how much it would cost to offset fl ights from Australia to different destinations. People are now even choosing to take holidays to destinations where they can volunteer to help to solve environmental problems for example: ecology and sea turtle conservation, Costa Rica Source 8.40 Building housing on stilts lessens the impact on vegetation. conservation work in wildlife hospital in Queensland animal rehabilitation in Posadas, Argentina panda conservation in China conservation of marine life in the Caribbean rainforest conservation in Ecuador animal rescue in New Delhi dolphin conservation in South Africa. chapter eight tourism 241

7 Source 8.41 The cost of carbon offsetting fl ights from and within Australia. Destinations Return cost Between the cities on the east coast (Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Hobart) $16 Perth and Northern Territory to the east coast, or all states to New Zealand $40 Round the world $260 Europe $190 Americas $180 Africa and Middle East $170 India $125 Asia $90 What do you know about other sustainable tourism options? 1 Make a list of other ways tourism can be made more sustainable. 2 How is volunteering a sustainable tourism option? 3 Explain how STA is making their fl ights more sustainable. Oceania $45 fresh ideas Design your own eco-friendly theme park Now that you know all about the principles of ecotourism and sustainable development, you are going to design a theme park. You might want to also look back at the chapters on climate change, pollution or coasts to fi nd other helpful information. Step 1 Decide on a theme Choose a theme for your park it can be anything you like. Keep in mind that the activities and facilities you provide need to meet ecotourism principles. Step 2 Decide on the activities and facilities Make a list of what will be in your theme park. Remember to include both the fun activities as well as necessities like toilets and food. While you are doing this, think of the ways you will make these things sustainable and meet the conditions for ecotourism. Step 3 Design your theme park Draw a map of your theme park. Include a key and BOLTSS. Design a web page about words in total about your theme park, explaining the special features you have included and how it meets the conditions for ecotourism. Source 8.42 Taronga Zoo is eco-friendly. 242 big ideas humanities 3

8 Designing an eco-friendly theme park 1. Decide on a theme for your park. You can make this anything you like but need to keep in mind that your park needs to meet the ecotourism principles. 2. Once you have decided on your theme, you need to decide on what facilities, activities and attractions you will include. You will need to remember to include facilities such as toilets and food as well as fun activities that will attract tourists. You will also need to think of how you will provide these services and activities in a sustainable way while meeting the ecotourism principles. Facility/Activity/Attraction How this will fit into ecotourism principles and sustainability

9 3. Design your theme park. You need to draw a map of your theme park that has a detailed legend showing the activities and facilities that you have included. Blank paper is available for your rough draft/planning.

10 Sustainable tourism examples

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