Global Growth of Tourism Revision Worldwide tourism has grown a lot in the last 50years. Add as many reasons why to the spider diagram below.

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2 Global Growth of Tourism Revision Worldwide tourism has grown a lot in the last 50years. Add as many reasons why to the spider diagram below Economic Social Worldwide growth in tourism Environmental Exam tip Make sure you can EXPLAIN & LINK these ideas to get maximum marks Key words Mass tourism Package holiday Long haul Tourism Make sure you can describe graphs/ charts that show this increase

3 Event and specialist tourism Event tourism This is all about encouraging tourists to come to specific events (sporting, cultural or historical): 2005 Germany- Football world cup meant 20 million extra tourists visited Germany 2009 Scotland- Homecoming encouraged people with Scottish connections to come home and celebrate 2010 South Africa- Football World Cup 2012 London- what impact could the Olympics have for London? Specialist tourism This is when holidays are based on a particular interest or activity: Wilderness holidays- to places like Alaska or Antarctica, or to National Parks like Yosemite (USA) or Mount Fuji (Japan) Fair trade tourism- in South Africa an award is available for activities which help local communities Adventure tourism- New Zealand has lots of adventure activities such as bungee jumping, white-water rafting and mountain biking Cultural and historical tourism- seeing historical and cultural sights such as those in Egypt, China, India or Peru Think: which examples of Event and Specialist tourism have you studied in class? Make sure you learn them for the exam! Now try this exam question: Using an example(s), suggest reasons for the growth of specialist holidays in less developed countries (4 marks) Remember: It asks for an example! Make sure you include one (or more). You don t need a lot of detail about the example itself- this questions is asking you to focus on the reasons for the growing popularity of these places. Benefits of tourism in MEDCs Provides jobs in rural areas where there may be few other opportunities, especially for young people. Tourism was worth over 85 billion to the UK economy in 2007 Contact between different cultures and countries increases understanding. Regeneration of deprived areas, e.g. Liverpool in 2008 as a City of Culture. Benefits of tourism for the UK Employs more than 2 million people in the UK. That s about 1 in every 30 people! Tourism gives the UK and international reputation for heritage and culture, and a good image. Protection for the environment, as tourists want to visit unspoiled areas like National Parks. Interest in cultural venues pays to keep them open for local people to enjoy too. Now try this exam question: Explain how tourism has brought benefits to a more developed country you have studied. (6 marks) Remember: 1-2 marks for a BASIC answer, 3-4 for a CLEAR answer and 5-6 for a DETAILED answer. Can you use your example to give the detail needed for top marks?

4 National Parks and conflicts National Parks are areas of outstanding natural beauty that are preserved and protected against development by government law. Aims: To preserve the natural beauty of the area To encourage enjoyment of national parks by the public Case Study The Lake District The Lake District receives 12 Million people every year Of those, 10 million people are day trippers The Lake District is home to 42, 000 people Why do people visit the Lake District? Escape from the City Beautiful Scenery Walking, Mountain Climbing, Canoeing, Cultural Tourism, Cycling Camping. What is a HoneyPot Site? A HoneyPot site is a place of natural or historical interest that attracts people in large numbers. An example of a HoneyPot Site is: Lake Windermere: Its Features are: picnic sites and car parks boating on Lake Windermere camping and caravan sites, hotels and cafes viewpoints across Lake Windermere National Park tourist information centre the Lake District s only car ferry

5 What are the conflicts in the Lake District? More houses become holiday homes means there are less locals to sustain communities and schools Slow moving caravans at peak times Air pollution created by visiting cars Conflicts in rural areas Towns have more tourist shops and less shops for locals Farmland becomes damaged by walkers Visitors buying second homes pushing up house prices for locals Who has conflict with who??? National Park Ranger Builder Young Couple National parks Old Lady Rambler (walking tourist) Gift Shop Owner Can you add these to your concept map? brings congestion to the village ruining the natural beauty of the area attracting tourists and not serving local needs buying houses so locals cannot afford to building developments for tourists attracting tourists and not serving local needs exploiting the natural beauty of the area building work and roads are ruining the natural environment attracting more tourists and not serving the local people Tourism Management: The Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA) has a duty to ensure that tourism is sustainable. Their aim is to:

6 The aim of sustainable development is to use resources in a wiser, fairer and more balanced way. The quality of people's lives and the state of our communities is affected by a combination of economic, social and environmental factors. These factors are interlinked and it is important that our actions show positive benefits for all three, not just for today, but for future generations as well. Managing tourism in the Lake District How is tourism managed in the Lake District? improved public transport separate trails for mountain-bikers ban of second homes promotion of timeshare holiday homes, e.g. Great Langdale holiday homes screening of car parks and industry by planting trees traffic restrictions park-and-ride schemes speed restrictions on the lakes, e.g. 10 mph on Lake Windermere limited car parking repair of stone walls and eroded footpaths e.g. footpath repair at Dollywagon Pike Select 3 ways of managing tourism in the Lake District and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Likely exam questions The number of visitors to National Parks in the UK has increased in the last 20 years. Suggest why. ( 5 Marks) Study Figure 7 on the insert. Figure 7 gives information about The Broads. Tourism is good for local businesses in The Broads. Suggest why. ( 5 Marks) Tourist activities can cause conflicts. Describe ways in which conflicts have been managed in a tourist honeypot that you have studied. (5 Marks)

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8 Sustainable Tourism Key Words and Definitions: Sustainable: Meeting the needs of the present population with damaging the environment for future generations Indigenous: Naturally occurring in a particular place Ecotourism Holidays that do little or no damage to the natural environment and local community Corporate Responsibility How a company manages its impact on the local environment and community Case Study Lapa Rios, Costa Rica An eco resort in Costa Rica, blending in with the local environment Key Features of Lapa Rios: Solar panels to heat the water Buildings (Eco lodge and accommodation huts) made from locally sourced wood Local people employed Food sourced locally and made by locals in a traditional style Tourists are educated by a local guide to learn about the local environment Tourists visit local community projects like schools Recycling and composting Walkways raised from the floor made from natural materials prevents soil erosion of the delicate forest floor Exam Questions: 1. Describe the key features of an eco resort 2. Define the term sustainable tourism 3. For a named example, explain how tourism can be developed in a sustainable way 4. How do ecotourism project benefit the local community? Activities for tourists at Lapa Rios 1. Wake up to the howler monkey s call outside your ocean view bungalow. 2. Go for a hike with one of our local guides and finish up by refreshing yourself in the natural pools under a wild waterfall. 3. See some Costa Rican Culture while you visit the local School and play football with the local children during break. 4. Eat delicious local meals. 5. Learn about wildcats in the Osa Peninsula as you set up a camera in the rainforest with an expert. 6. Have a private outdoor shower of your bungalow s deck while watching the Scarlet Macaws fly by. 7. Go on our complimentary Pigs, Twigs and Garbage Tour and learn about Sustainability at Lapa Rios. 8. Experience the night time sounds of the rainforest while sleeping in a platform in the middle of our reserve. In Costa Rica, the Lapa Rios Eco Resort is an example of Ecotourism. Tourism has been developed sustainably by blending in with the local environment and allowing the local community to benefit. The resort buildings are made from local natural sources such as wood and palm so that they blend in with the natural rainforest environment. The delicate forest floor is protected from erosion by having walkways built from wood above the forest floor. Environmentally sustainable methods are used to preserve the natural environment, such as recycling of rubbish, composting and using solar panels to heat the shower water. The local communities benefit from tourism as people are employed in the eco resort as local guides to educate tourists about the wildlife, ecosystem, and local cultures and traditions. All food in the restaurants are sourced from local farmers so the whole community benefits.

9 Things to do: Canoeing, Whale watching, Animal Trails, Swimming and Massages Uses rainwate r Solar panels to create power Tree Houses Lapa Rios Compost s and recycles all waste School trips to teach children Does not damage the wildlife Gives local people jobs

10 Costa Rica Eco-tourism capital of the world More than 10% of the land in Costa Rica is protected under a national park system A further 17% is set aside as forest reserves, buffer zones, wildlife refuges and Indian reserves. Tourism has taken off here as many people come to see the wildlife and scenery. It now contribute 17% of the country s income and is growing at 5% each year. Staying here is not cheap! It can cost hundreds of dollars to stay in places such as Lapa Rios. However, unlike normal hotels there is limited damage to the environment. Power is sourced from solar panels so no cabling is required. The buildings also don t use air conditioning Because they are built to allow air to flow through. The indigenous community run the hotel, meaning jobs and wealth are created Only local food is used rather than shipping it in from other areas. All waste created on site is composted on recycled so there Is no damage to the surrounding are or animals. There is an educational element to the hotel. Local guides Show school children around to get them to understand the Importance of conserving the area. 1) Explain the main features of sustainable tourism. 2) Using an example explain how eco tourism is good for people and the environment.

11 Can tourism reduce the development Gap? Development Gap- This is the difference between the rich and poor countries. This gap is getting wider. Tourism can be used as a way to close the gap and help countries improve their social and economic conditions. Other tourist attractions develop around the hotel attracting more tourists and money. There is also increased foreign investment This helps the country develop and improves their QoL. Kids are better educated and therefore have a wider range of job opportunities. New hotel is built in Baga, Goa They can make Improvements to the local infrastructure (roads, electricity, water supplies) and improving social and economic conditions Multiplier Effect - Goa Jobs are created attracting more people to the area People s average income increases due to wages from tourism More money is spent in the local community This money goes to the government in taxes The downside * Tourism is volatile things can change very quickly * Some people rely on the income they get on tourism too much * Some companies follow the trend the next big thing and leave a county. This can leave them in debt and increases unemployment. * Some governments and locals have been too greedy. * Tourists are put off the environmental damage caused by lots of tourists damaged to beaches, overcrowding, litter etc. * Thailand was hit by a tsunami after this tourist numbers dropped and may local people lost their main source of income. If tourism provide a large proportion pf the countries GNI it can have devastating effects on the country. Exam question Explain how the development of tourism can be used to improve living conditions in a less developed country.

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