Tourism is a rapidly growing industry and has an enormous economic and environmental impact across the world.

Transcription

1 3º ESO UNIT 3 HOLIDAY TIME 1. Tourism Tourism is a rapidly growing industry and has an enormous economic and environmental impact across the world. The growth of tourism In 2010, 940 million people were recorded as arriving in a country from abroad because of tourism. This is worth $919 billion dollars, making tourism one of the world's largest industries. (Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)) Growth in tourism measured by international arrivals Tourism is also one of the world's fastest-growing industries. In 2010, the Middle East and Asia had the greatest growth of tourists. Europe still has the greatest number of tourists - nearly 500 million in

2 International Tourist Arrivals (in millions) Europe Asia and the pacific Americas Africa Middle east Tourism market growth in 2010 (compared to 2009) % change Europe 3.3% Asia and the pacific 12.7% Americas 6.4% Africa 7.3% Middle east 14.1% The tourism industry therefore is very important to economic growth as well as the environment. Tourism can help a country's economy and infrastructure. For example it provides jobs. Some countries such as the Caribbean have tourism as their main source of income. Reasons behind the trend in tourism There are many factors that help explain the growth in tourism: More affluence - since 1950 people have become wealthier. There is more disposable income. People also now have paid time off work for holidays. Greater awareness - through advertising or television programmes people are more aware of how and where they can spend their free time. 2

3 More car ownership - more families own a car. This gives greater freedom to choose when and where to spend time. Improvements in technology - travelling today is much quicker. Motorways and aircraft have helped reduce the time it takes to get to different countries. Travelling by air has become more accessible as you can book on line and choose more budget options. More leisure time - people have paid holidays from work (on average three weeks per year are paid). Also people who are retired remain active for longer. There is also a trend to take more than one holiday in a year. More choice - in the past seaside holidays and package holidays were the most popular. The industry is seeing more people look at ecotourism and more unusual holiday destinations. Sunbathers on the beach in Nice, southern France Test Bite 1. Tourism is: a. A small but growing industry b. A primary industry c. One of the world's largest industries 2. Areas which are growing most quickly from tourism are: a. Asia and the Middle East b. Antarctica c. Europe 3. Tourism can help: a. reduce the need to travel. b. a country's economy and infrastructure. c. minimise disruption at airports. 4. Which one is NOT a reason for the growth of tourism? a. More affluence b. Budget airlines c. Cost of passports 3

4 Attractions for tourists Tourism is an important contributor to many countries' economies but it can have negative impacts unless it is properly managed, and the conflicting needs of interest groups are balanced. LEDCs in particular can become dependent on tourism, which is dangerous if the tourists suddenly stop coming. Types of tourist attractions The human and physical resources found in a particular place often influence tourism to a particular destination. Human resources are tourist attractions that have been made by people, such as the Eiffel Tower in France. Physical resources are the attractions that have been made by nature such as beaches or lakes. Popular tourist activities According to a recent survey of British people travelling within the UK, the activity that people like to do the most while on holiday is walking. Walking allows people to enjoy the physical resources of the countryside such as hills, rivers and lakes. The second most popular activity was visiting heritage sites. This includes historical buildings and sites of historic significance. These are human resources. The third most popular activity was swimming. People like to swim at the beach or in lakes (physical resources) or swimming pools (human resources). Other popular activities were visiting art exhibitions, watching performing arts and visiting theme parks (all human resources). Attractions in different countries Types of man-made tourist attractions in the UK include: art architecture cultural monuments museums local traditions food and drink music and drama important historical or political sites The table below shows that tourists in the UK are attracted to many different types of man-made tourist attractions. 4

5 Graph showing top 10 tourist attractions in the UK Examples of tourist attractions abroad The Eiffel Tower, Paris The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an example of a cultural monument and a place of architectural interest. As well as admiring it from ground level, tourists can go to the top and see a great view of Paris, including the River Seine (physical resource) and many beautiful buildings (human resources). Guard Tower at Robben Island Robben Island in South Africa is an example of a historical or political site. Many people who visit South Africa go to Robben Island to see where Nelson Mandela spent most of his 27 years in prison. People are interested because Nelson Mandela's struggle and sacrifice helped end Apartheid in South Africa. 5

6 Physical resources Physical resources are the natural features of an area which might attract tourists, such as: the physical landscape - such as beaches, mountains, rivers, lakes and glaciers ecosystems - such as rainforest or tropical grasslands weather and climate - most tourists seem to like it warm and dry Test Bite 1. Tourism to a particular destination is often influenced by the human and physical resources found in a particular place. What are human resources? a. Human resources are the tour guides and other people who make your holiday memorable. b. Human resources are people who are tourist attractions, such as the Queen or the Pope. c. Human resources are tourist attractions that have been made by people. d. Human resources are tourist attractions that have been made by nature. 2. Tourism to a particular destination is often influenced by the physical resources found in a particular place. What are physical resources? a. Physical resources are tourist attractions that have been made by nature. b. Physical resources are competitive sports that attract people, for example boxing. c. Physical resources are tourist attractions that have been made by people. d. Physical resources are tourist attractions that move, such as steam trains or fairground rides. e. Physical resources are useful resources for tourists, such as libraries and information centres. 3. Which one of the following tourist attractions is NOT a type of human resource? a. Art b. Cultural monuments c. Beaches d. Food and drink e. Music 4. Which one of the following tourist attractions is NOT a physical resource? a. Physical relief of the landscape, such as beaches, mountains, rivers, lakes and glaciers b. Ecosystems, such as rainforest or tropical grasslands c. Weather and climate d. The Eden Project 6

7 LEARN THIS PROVERB: Travel broadens the mind What do you think it means? PROJECT: VISIT BRITAIN We are going to look at a website which is the official page for the British Tourist Board. In groups, select a destination (click on the About Britain option and explore) which could be a city (not London), a town, a natural park, a monument, etc. and give a very short presentation to the class, as if they were a group of foreign tourists and you want to attract them to a special place in the U.K. Include such information as: Geographical information Things to do Culture and Heritage Accommodation available Transport Don t forget that you are selling your destination to the audience, so try and make your presentation as convincing as possible. 7

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10 ASSIGNMENT Having read the above texts, we are going to try and apply the information to our surroundings: Almería. You are going to design a brief tourist leaflet about the city and province of Almería. Fold an A4-sized blank piece of paper into three, to form a triptych. Invent a catchy slogan about Almería and design an attractive front cover for your leaflet. Inside, divide the information into different sections, for example: The city of Almería Inland Almería: the villages Coastal Almería: the beaches Activities, Fiestas, etc. Gastronomy Anything else you consider important Keep your language simple and direct. Remember that you only have a small space, so make the information brief. Finish your leaflet with a sentence to attract tourists to spend their holidays in Almería. Use illustrations (drawings or photographs) to make your information easier to understand. A BEACH IN THE CABO DE GATA NATURAL PARK 10