HMMH Report No March Prepared for: RALEIGH-DURHAM AIRPORT AUTHORITY Raleigh-Durham International Airport, North Carolina

Transcription

1 ECHNICAL REPOR ON PREPARAION OF DAY-NIGH AVERAGE OUND LEVEL (DNL) CONOUR OF AIRCRAF NOIE DURING 2009 RALEIGH-DURHAM INERNAIONAL AIRPOR NORH CAROLINA HMMH Repor No March 2011 Prepared for: RALEIGH-DURHAM AIRPOR AUHORIY Raleigh-Drham Inernaional Airpor, Norh Carolina

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3 ECHNICAL REPOR ON PREPARAION OF DAY-NIGH AVERAGE OUND LEVEL (DNL) CONOUR OF AIRCRAF NOIE DURING 2009 RALEIGH-DURHAM INERNAIONAL AIRPOR NORH CAROLINA HMMH Repor No March 2011 Prepared for: RALEIGH-DURHAM AIRPOR AUHORIY Raleigh-Drham Inernaional Airpor, Norh Carolina Prepared by: Brad Nicholas Gene Reindel HARRI MILLER MILLER & HANON INC. 77 oh Bedford ree Brlingon, MA 01803

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5 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 1 ABLE OF CONEN 1 INRODUCION CONOUR PREPARAION PROCE Improvemens in Noise Modeling Pracices Noise Model Versions Used a RDU Improvemens in Developmen of Modeling Inps DECRIPION OF HE INPU DAA Airpor Layo Aircraf Operaions Rnway Use Direcion of raffic Flow Use of Individal Rnways Fligh racks and Fligh rack Use Aircraf Alide Profile Meeorological Condiions errain Daa NOIE CONOUR Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on All Rnways Comparison of 2008 and 2009 Annal Average Day DNL Conors Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R INGLE EVEN CONOUR REFERENCE APPENDIX A JE ARRIVAL AND DEPARURE PROCEDURE...A-1

6 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 2 LI OF FIGURE Figre 1 Raleigh-Drham INL Airpor Diagram...12 Figre Fligh rack ample for Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R...23 Figre Fligh rack ample for Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R...25 Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on All Rnways...31 Figre Annal Average Day Conors Compared o 2009 Annal Average Day Conors...33 Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R...35 Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R...37 Figre 8 ond Exposre Level Conors for elec Commercial Aircraf...44 Figre 9 ond Exposre Level Conors for elec General Aviaion Aircraf...45 Figre A-1 RDU Je Arrival and Deparre Procedres May A-3

7 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 3 LI OF ABLE able 1 Hisorical Use of Noise Models for Noise Conors...8 able 2 Annal Average Day Nmber of Operaions able 3 Comparison of Annal raffic Flow o able 4 Rnway Use Percenages for he Modeled Annal Average Day able 5 Comparison of Land Use Areas wihin Noise Conors o

8 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 4 (his page inenionally lef blank)

9 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 5 1 INRODUCION his repor presens Day-Nigh Average ond Level (DNL) noise conors for calendar year 2009 aircraf operaions a Raleigh-Drham Inernaional Airpor (RDU). Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc. (HMMH) prepared hese conors on behalf of he Raleigh-Drham Airpor Ahoriy (RDUAA). 1 Prior o 2001, wih he excepion of 1995, a relaively sable grop of airlines served RDU, wih minor variaion dring he year, and wih incremenal changes in aciviy from year o year. In Febrary of 1995 American Airlines, he dominan air carrier a RDU, ceased hb operaions a RDU and significanly redced operaions a RDU. In Jne of 1995, Midway Airlines began hb operaions a RDU. 2 De o he evens on epember 11, 2001 many airlines sbsied regional jes for heir previosly ilized larger air carrier je models. In 2001 Midway Airlines operaions became inermien and ceased compleely by he end of calendar year Overall, from 2002 o 2003, oal operaions a RDU declined approximaely eigh percen, primarily de o an eleven percen redcion in commercial (passenger and cargo) je operaions. However in 2004 compared o 2003, he oal operaions a RDU increased approximaely eleven percen, largely de o an increase in regional je operaions. oal annal operaions remained relaively consan from 2004 hrogh 2007 and hen decreased by approximaely nine percen in RDU experienced an approximae welve percen decrease in oal operaions in 2009 compared o 2008 (229,406 oal operaions in 2008 compared o 201,771 operaions in 2009). oal operaions of air carrier, cargo and regional jes decreased approximaely en percen (Approximaely 395 average day operaions in 2009 compared o 438 average day operaions in 2008). General aviaion je operaions decreased approximaely six percen and propeller aircraf operaions as a whole (i.e. combining commercial and general aviaion) decreased approximaely nineeen percen. Miliary operaions decreased approximaely hiry-eigh percen compared o 2008 levels. In 2008 miliary operaions increased by a similar percenage de o he local Norh Carolina Army Naional Gard ni preparing and raining for an overseas deploymen ha sared in March Dring calendar year 2009, Rnway 5L/23R was ofen closed for rehabiliaion primarily in May and December. hese rnway closres had he effec of redcing operaions on Rnway 5L/23R and increasing operaions on Rnway 5R/23L. Dring calendar year 2008 Rnway 5R/23L nderwen rehabiliaion. Figre 5 provides a graphic comparison of he 2008 and 2009 conors. he 2009 conors are comparable o hose for 2008 in mos areas wih some noable changes associaed wih he aforemenioned changes in rnway se. Overall, he conor area decreased slighly. ecion 4.2 provides addiional discssion regarding he changes beween he 2008 and 2009 conors. ecions 2 and 3 describe he processes sed o develop he noise conors and collec and refine he reqired inp daa. HMMH has refined he conor preparaion process each year o se he laes 1 HMMH previosly prepared DNL conors for RDU for an annalized se of operaions spanning 1987 and 1988, and for each calendar year from 1990 hrogh 2008, inclsive. ecion 6 liss he previos repors. 2 he 1995 conor repor provides addiional descripions of operaions in he 2001, 2002, and 2003 conor repors provide deailed descripions of operaions in hose years.

10 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 6 available echnologies. For example, he fligh rack modeling process has evolved from se of a small sample of fligh racks raced from he radar scope a he air raffic conrol ower o a highly advanced process ha akes ino accon he enire se of calendar year fligh racks capred by he RDUAA fligh racking sysem. he laes mehods grealy improve he sensiiviy of he model o differences in individal aircraf ype, rnway se, rack geomery and alide profiles. ecion 4 of his repor presens he resling DNL conors for oal annal operaions a RDU and for he wo major operaing modes a he airpor; i.e., all operaions in norheas flow (Rnways 5L and 5R), and all operaions in sohwes flow (Rnways 23L and 23R). ecion 4 also compares he 2009 DNL conors o hose represening 2008 RDU aircraf operaions. ecion 5 presens single even conors for selec aircraf ha operaed a RDU in 2009 and provides some conex of how hose aircraf ypes relae o he noise environmen arond RDU. ecion 6 liss he varios repors ha have docmened annal noise conors a RDU.

11 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 7 2 CONOUR PREPARAION PROCE HMMH prepared he 2009 conors sing he mos crren version of he Inegraed Noise Model (INM 7.0b) ha he Federal Aviaion Adminisraion (FAA) provides for se a civil airpors. he sandard approach for preparaion of noise conors reqires compilaion and inp of several caegories of informaion abo he operaion of an airpor for inp ino he noise model: 1) Airpor Layo: Locaion, lengh and orienaion of all rnways. 2) Operaion Nmbers: Nmbers of deparres, arrivals and paern operaions by each ype of aircraf dring an annal average day. he nmber of operaions on his day is he nmber of operaions dring he year divided by he nmber of days in he year. For DNL calclaion prposes, he 24-hor day is divided ino wo pars, dayime ( ) and nighime ( ). he sond levels of nighime flighs are weighed wih an addiional 10 decibels in he DNL compaion procedre (which has he same effec as coning each nigh operaion o conribe he same amon of noise energy as en eqivalen operaions in he day). 3) Rnway Use: Percenage of operaions on each rnway by each ype of aircraf. 4) Fligh racks: Pahs followed by aircraf deparing from, or arriving o, each rnway. 5) Fligh rack Use: Percenage of operaions by each aircraf ype ha se each fligh rack. 6) Aircraf Alide Profile: Heigh of he aircraf from he grond. 7) Meeorological Condiions: he average weaher condiions. 8) errain Daa: Elevaion of he grond srronding, and on, he airpor. ecion 3 describes he above inps for he 2009 conor developmen. INM compes he noise exposre arond an airpor as a grid of vales of he DNL. his grid informaion is he sandard inp for he widely acceped conoring program (NMPlo 4 ) ha develops he DNL conors based on he INM-calclaed grid poin vales. 2.1 Improvemens in Noise Modeling Pracices HMMH has coninosly improved he mehods sed in developing he noise modeling inps for RDU o ensre ha he modeling process sed each year reflecs acceped indsry bes pracices and a hisorical perspecive of his evolion follows Noise Model Versions Used a RDU HMMH has always followed he pracice of sing he mos advanced noise modeling echnology o prepare conors for RDU. he INM incldes FAA-developed noise and performance daa for a broad range of aircraf ypes. Periodically, he FAA provides pdaes o hese daabases: daa from 4 NMPlo was ahored by Wasmer Consling wih sponsorship from he Unied aes Air Force. (

12 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 8 Daabase 9 was sed o prepare he 1991 and 1992 noise conors; and daabase 10 was sed o prepare he 1993 hrogh 1998 conors. Wih he FAA s release of INM 6.0b, hese noise and performance daabases were incorporaed wih he model. able 1 presens he noise models sed for developmen of DNL conors a RDU. able 1 Hisorical Use of Noise Models for Noise Conors Year Noise Model NOIEMAP 1999 INM 6.0b INM 6.0c INM INM 6.2a 2006 INM INM 7.0a INM 7.0b INM 6.2a inclded improved modeling algorihms and a noise and performance daabase for more aircraf ypes. One significan difference beween INM 6.1 and 6.2a is ha he more recen version has pdaed aircraf noise and performance daabases o beer reflec he crren in-service flee. his change generally resls in slighly larger noise conors for oherwise idenical modeling rns. INM 7.0 was a major pdae o he model in erms of program organizaion wih he inclsion of he FAA s Helipor Noise Model (HNM) and pdae of several algorihms. INM 7.0a and 7.0b added new aircraf inclding wo very ligh jes, wo Canadair regional jes and he Airbs A-380 and pdaed he noise and performance daabases for several commercial aircraf. Before he release of INM 6.0b, he FAA approved se of a U.. Air Force model, NOIEMAP, in addiion o INM. HMMH sed NOIEMAP a RDU prior o 1999, becase i offered several advanages over he hen crren INM versions. For example, NOIEMAP provided he capabiliy o model helicoper aciviy and fixed-wing paern aciviy (sch as och-and-go paerns), which he earlier versions of he INM did no sppor. HMMH convered o he se of INM in 1999, when he capabiliies of ha model jsified he swich. he crren version of he INM is he bes model o se a RDU and incldes he capabiliy o model helicoper and paern operaions Improvemens in Developmen of Modeling Inps HMMH prepared he conors for 1987/88 based on operaions daa, radar informaion and noise measremens obained dring he 1990 conors sed he operaions paerns (i.e., rnway se, fligh rack locaions and fligh rack se) from 1987, adjsed o reflec he nmbers and ypes of aircraf observed dring Beginning in 1991, he RDUAA obained access o radar informaion from he FAA comper-based Aomaed Radar erminal ysem (AR). he AR daa provided deailed fligh rack informaion for he fll range of aircraf sing RDU. A sampling of he acal fligh racks a RDU was obained on a qarerly basis. he RDUAA provided rnway se logs for eigh monhs of he year. Wih he assisance of he FAA and RDUAA saff, HMMH sed 1991 operaions paerns o prepare he 1991 conors. In 1992, HMMH followed a process similar o ha sed in However, he conors were based on a larger sample of AR daa, and he RDUAA provided rnway se logging for nearly every day in he year.

13 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 9 aring in 1993, HMMH and he RDUAA saff made a pariclarly significan improvemen in he modeling process relaed o he se of acal AR fligh racks o model individal operaions. In 1993 HMMH developed a preprocessor for NOIEMAP, called ARMAP, which convers AR fligh racks ino modeling fligh racks. ARMAP represened a significan sep forward in he process for modeling aircraf noise exposre becase i eliminaed he need o approximae acal fligh racks wih a far smaller nmber of modeling fligh racks. ARMAP also modeled aircraf operaions by each specific aircraf ype sing fligh racks and alide profiles acally flown by ha ype of aircraf. For example, each modeled Boeing 727 sed fligh racks and alide profiles from 727 operaions a RDU. he resl of hese modeling changes is increased accracy in modeling he naral dispersion of fligh racks and fligh alides han was previosly possible. his process was sed o develop he 1993 hrogh 1998 DNL conors for RDUAA. HMMH convered he modeling process from NOIEMAP o he INM for he 1999 noise conors. For he 1999 and 2000 conors, HMMH sed he annal sample of AR fligh racks o develop a se of modeled racks for each fligh corridor. hese racks served o model boh he cenerline as well as laeral dispersion for each corridor. For he 2001 model fligh racks, HMMH compared 2001 daa o he model racks developed for he 2000 conors and modified he 2000 model racks o represen 2001 AR daa. he 2002 model racks were likewise developed from he 2001 model racks and he 2002 AR daa. his process, sing crren daa o pdae he previos model racks, was repeaed o develop model racks for he 2003 and 2004 conors. HMMH prepared he 2005 hrogh 2009 conors sing an INM pre-processor, named RealConors. 5 RealConors prepares each available aircraf fligh rack dring he corse of he year for inp ino INM. In many ways, RealConors is similar o ARMAP, alhogh RealConors ses he INM noise model insead of he NOIEMAP model. he 2007 hrogh 2009 conors also inclded he effecs of elevaion changes arond he airpor. RealConors akes he maximm possible advanage of he INM s capabiliies and aomaes he process of preparing he INM inps direcly from recorded fligh operaions and models he fll range of aircraf aciviy as precisely as possible. RealConors improves he precision of modeling by sing operaions monioring resls in he following areas: Direcly convers he fligh rack recorded by he airpor for every idenified aircraf operaion o an INM rack, raher han assigning all operaions o a limied nmber of prooypical racks; Models each operaion on he specific rnway ha i acally sed, raher han applying a generalized disribion o broad ranges of aircraf ypes o an average of rnway se; Models each operaion in he ime-of-day in which ha operaion occrred; elecs he specific airframe and engine combinaion o model, on an operaion-by-operaion basis, by sing he aircraf ype designaor associaed wih he fligh plan and, if available for commercial operaions, he pblished composiion of he individal operaor s aircraf invenory; and Compares each fligh profile o he sandard INM aircraf profiles and selecs he bes mach for each fligh. 5 RealConors is proprieary sofware developed by Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc.

14 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 10 Fligh racks were provided from RDUAA s Aircene.com 6 noise and operaions monioring sysem (NOM) which became acive March 31, In smmary, 170,608 individal fligh racks were direcly sed for he preparaion of he 2009 annal conors and he operaions were scaled o he 198,026 civilian operaions recorded by he FAA. 7 he difference beween he nmber of fligh racks modeled and he FAA operaions cons are expeced and can occr becase RealConors filers daa o make sre i is siable for modeling. Each fligh rack ms mee several crieria, inclding having a rnway assignmen, valid aircraf ype designaor and enogh siable fligh rack poins. Addiionally, fligh racks for a foreen-day period in November were exclded from he modeling de o a daa qaliy isse. RDUAA Aircene sysem does no record enogh informaion for modeling miliary operaions on a rack by rack basis. However, miliary operaions were modeled in INM sing a process similar o ha sed for he 2004 conors. Addiional deails of he process are presened in ecion 3. I shold be noed ha INM is sed for all noise calclaions. RealConors provides an organizaional srcre o model individal fligh racks in INM. RealConors does no modify INM sandard noise and performance daa b raher selecs he bes sandard daa, or FAA approved non-sandard noise and performance daa, available o INM for each individal fligh rack. 8 6 Aircene.com is a prodc of Era ysems Corporaion. Era ysems Corporaion is a sbsidiary of RA Inernaional. Era ysems Corporaion was previosly named Rannoch Corporaion., 7 he FAA s Air raffic Conrol ower cons sed for his repor are pblished in he Raleigh-Drham Inernaional Airpor Monhly Aciviy Repor, December he repor is available a hp:// 8 hese characerisics are necessary o mainain compliance wih FAA s reqiremens for FAA reviewed noise analyses (se forh in 14 CFR Par 150, FAA Order E, Change 1, and he INM 7.0 User s Gide). Alhogh his analysis is no being prepared for FAA review, RDUAA has reqesed ha he modeling echniqes for he RDU annal conors mee FAA review reqiremens. herefore, he INM inps for he 2009 RDU conors were a combinaion INM sandard daa and ser-defined daa ha are consisen wih inp ha he FAA has approved for oher projecs. he excepion is he AH-64 Apache helicoper, which was represened by modifying he INM ype for 70 (UH-60 Blackhawk), sing pblicly available informaion, o represen noise levels of he AH-64A. Pblicly available daa specific o he AH-64D was no fond.

15 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 11 3 DECRIPION OF HE INPU DAA his secion describes he process by which HMMH, wih exensive RDUAA noise office saff assisance, colleced and refined he noise modeling inps for he 2009 DNL conors. his secion also smmarizes he resls of his process and cies he nderlying daa sorces. 3.1 Airpor Layo he rnway configraion a RDU consiss of wo parallel rnways (5L/23R and 5R/23L) sed by all je and rbine-powered propeller aircraf, and some single engine pison-powered propeller aircraf. In addiion, a shorer rnway (14/32) is perpendiclar o, and soheas of, he wo parallel rnways. he locaions, lenghs and orienaions of he rnways have remained he same since preparaion of he 1987/88 noise conors. HMMH sed he Norh Carolina sae plane coordinae sysem 9 and geographic coordinaes 10 as he means for idenifying grond posiions of he fixed noise moniors, rnway ends and links o map files, ec. HMMH convered hose coordinaes as necessary for se in INM. he airpor layo is presened in Figre 1. In addiion o he rnways described above, helicoper operaions were modeled from one of wo locaions. Civilian and ransien miliary helicopers were modeled a a single represenaive locaion a axiways G & H. axiways G & H are shown in Figre 1 and are near he Rnway 14/32 exended cenerline, in beween Rnways 5L/23R and 5R/23L. Helicoper operaions associaed wih he Norh Carolina Air Naional Gard (NCANG) se he NCANG ramp locaed near he soheasern end of Rnway 14/ Aircraf Operaions he 2009 DNL noise conors reflec operaions dring he enire calendar year. Alhogh operaions of commercial je aircraf are he dominan sorce of noise ha conribes o he conors, HMMH careflly considered commer, general aviaion and miliary operaions o ensre ha he conors are as accrae as feasible. HMMH and RDUAA noise office saff developed he 2009 operaions inps from hree principal sorces. he firs daa sorce was FAA Air raffic Conrol ower (AC) raffic cons of he oal nmbers of operaions a RDU for he enire calendar year. 11 he FAA cons raffic in for caegories: air carrier, air axi, general aviaion and miliary. 12 he FAA assigns each operaion o one of he caegories, wih no frher breakdown, sch as by aircraf ype or by ime of day. hese FAA figres served as he reference 2009 raffic level in each caegory. HMMH proraed oher available daa o agree wih hese FAA cons. 9 his is he same coordinae sysem sed by RDUAA saff. he coordinae sysem references he Norh American Dam (NAD) Laide and Longide, referenced o NAD ee foonoe hese caegories are defined in Chaper 9 of FAA Order he mos crren version of his order is available a hp://

16 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 12 Figre 1 Raleigh-Drham INL Airpor Diagram orce: FAA, 2009

17 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 13 he second of hree daa sorces for RDU aircraf operaions was fligh racks obained and provided from RDUAA s Aircene.com noise and operaions monioring sysem. hese daa were sed direcly in he modeling process as smmarized in ecion and caegorized individal operaions by operaor, aircraf ype and ime of day (dayime or nighime) for boh deparres and arrivals. HMMH associaed each operaion o one of he for FAA caegories. he mix of engines and noise reamens varies among operaors. he fligh racking daa, spplemened by pblished sorces, provided he deailed engine informaion needed o develop RDU-specific noise emissions for each individal operaion. his procedre ensred ha he effors of operaors o achieve a qieer flee, especially for nighime operaions, wold be properly represened in he noise model calclaions. he hird daa sorce was RDUAA records. he NCANG provided records for 2009 o he RDUAA. In 2008, he NCANG was considerably acive in raining for he March 2009 overseas deploymen and he NCANG also compleed phase-o of AH-64A aack helicopers, compleed inrodcion of weny-for AH-64D aack helicopers and added for UH-72 Lakoa ligh iliy helicopers. 13 RDUAA records provided he flee mix for miliary operaions by aircraf no based a RDU. HMMH combined and scaled he 2009 NCANG and RDUAA records of miliary aircraf o mach he FAA 2009 miliary cmlaive raffic con. able 2 smmarizes he resling operaions daa for he 2009 annal average day sed o model he 2009 aircraf noise exposre conors wih he INM. oal operaions in 2009 decreased by welve percen compared o 2008 operaions (229,406 oal operaions in 2008 compared o 201,771 operaions in 2009). Compared o 2008, here was also a foreen percen decrease in oal nigh operaions dring 2009, resling in a decreased nmber of operaions ha wold incr he 10-dB penaly applied o nigh ( local) operaions in he compaion of DNL. oal operaions of air carrier and cargo jes decreased approximaely hree percen (approximaely 221 average day operaions in 2008 compared o 213 average day operaions in 2009). Regional jes in he fify-sea class decreased by approximaely sixeen percen (approximaely 217 average day operaions in 2008 compared o 182 average day operaions in 2009). General aviaion je operaions decreased by approximaely six percen while operaions of propeller aircraf as a whole (i.e. combining commercial and general aviaion) decreased approximaely nineeen percen. Miliary operaions decreased approximaely hiry-eigh percen compared o 2008 levels. he decrease in air carrier je operaions came from small changes in operaions by a variey of aircraf ypes. here was an increase in operaions from he Canadair CRJ-700/900 aircraf and he Airbs A319 and A320 aircraf. However, many oher aircraf ypes decreased inclding (in order of ne decrease in operaions) he Embraer 135/145, Boeing 737, Canadair CRJ-100/200 and Boeing 757. Operaions of hshkied aircraf (i.e. aircraf ha he FAA has recerified from 14 CFR Par 36 age 2 o age 3, based on modificaions made o he aircraf or is operaing cerificae) increased by approximaely sixeen percen. here were approximaely nine average daily operaions in 2008 and approximaely eleven operaions in he Boeing DC-9-10/30 had he greaes increase beween 2008 and he las AH-64D was delivered in March All for UH-72s were delivered in November 2008.

18 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 14 MD-80 operaions decreased by abo nine percen from 2008 o here were approximaely hiry-one MD-80 operaions per day in 2008 compared o approximaely weny-eigh operaions in Alhogh MD-80s were originally manfacred o 14 CFR Par 36 age 3 cerificaion sandards, he aircraf is one of he lodes age 3 aircraf operaing a RDU. he sea Embraer regional jes (ERJ-135 and ERJ-145) were once again he mos common aircraf ype o operae a RDU even hogh operaions of his aircraf family declined by sixeen percen (approximaely 132 operaions in 2008 compared o approximaely 111 daily operaions in 2009). hese ypes have been he mos common aircraf a RDU since a leas he second mos common aircraf ype was again he Canadair 50-sea regional jes (CRJ-100 and CRJ-200) and operaions by his ype decreased sixeen percen from 2008 o he Canadair 50-sea regional jes have been he second mos common aircraf ype a RDU since approximaely he sea Embraer and Canadair 50-sea regional jes combined acconed for approximaely one-hird of all 2009 RDU operaions. 14 he MD-80 and DC-9 series were originally manfacred by McDonnell Doglas Corporaion and Doglas Aircraf Company, respecively. However he Boeing Company has acqired he companies and now brands he aircraf as Boeing aircraf.

19 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 15 able 2 Annal Average Day Nmber of Operaions 2009 DEPARURE ARRIVAL AIRCRAF YPE Dayime Nighime Dayime Nighime Air Carrier and Air Cargo Jes (Hshki) (Hshki) (Hshki) /400/ /800/ A A A A A Canadair CRJ-700/ DC DC-8-60 (Hshki) DC-8-70 (Re-engine) DC-9-10/30 (Hshki) DC-9-40/50 (Hshki) Embraer 170/ L MD MD-80 eries MD b-oal Regional Jes (less han 60 seas) 2 Regional Je (Canadair) Regional Je (Embraer) Regional Je (Fairchild) <0.01 b-oal Corporae Jes Bsiness Jes (age 2) Bsiness Jes (age 3 / Hshki) Bsiness Jes (age 3) b-oal able 2 conines on he nex page.

20 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 16 able 2 Annal Average Day Nmber of Operaions 2009, conined DEPARURE ARRIVAL AIRCRAF YPE Dayime Nighime Dayime Dayime Civilian Propeller Aircraf and Helicopers 4 ingle-engine Prop win-engine Pison Prop win-engine rboprop Civilian Helicopers b-oal Miliary Aircraf For-Engine rboprop (C-130/P-3) Helicopers <0.01 Je ranspor (C-5/C-9/C-17) Oher Jes ingle-engine rboprop acical (F-15/F-18/ -3/-37/ -38/-45) win-engine rboprop b-oal GRAND OAL Noes: oals and sb-oals may no mach exacly de o ronding. 1. While hese aircraf are someimes considered regional jes (and were groped as sch in he 2005 repor), hese aircraf are capable of carrying more han 60 passengers and herefore are coned as Air Carrier by FAA (FAA Order ). 2. hese aircraf are no capable of carrying more han 60 passengers and herefore are coned as Air axi by FAA (FAA Order ). 3. As defined by he Code of Federal Reglaions (CFR) ile 14, Par 36, Noise andards: Aircraf ype and Airworhiness Cerificaion 4. his caegory was called Commer & General Aviaion Propeller Aircraf in he 2005 repor and prior repors. orce: HMMH, Aircene.com, RDUAA records

21 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page Rnway Use Prior o 2008, HMMH developed rnway se modeling assmpions in a hree-sep process: (1) idenifying he percenage of ime he raffic flow was norheas or sohwes, (2) idenifying he fracion of flighs ha sed he lef and righ rnways by flow direcion and aircraf ype, and (3) idenifying he se of Rnway 14/32. Each of hese hree seps involved varios daa and observaion samples. However, RealConors processed he accepable individal fligh racks 15 from he 2008 and 2009 fligh racking daa o model each operaion on is associaed rnway. he 2009 rnway se was based on acal se developed from each accepable fligh rack obained from Airscene.com Direcion of raffic Flow RDU operaes is parallel rnway complex in one of wo direcions depending on he prevailing winds. If winds are from he norh, norheas or eas, aircraf arrive and depar in a norheaserly direcion sing Rnways 5L and 5R. Figre 2 depics a one-day sample of operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R. If winds are from he soh, sohwes or wes, aircraf arrive and depar o he sohwes sing Rnways 23L and 23R. Figre 3 depics a one-day sample of operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R. he complee se of fligh racking daa, as prepared by RealConors, was also analyzed for direcion of flow. he analysis of he modeled fligh rack daa indicaed ha he rnway se flow a RDU for 2009 was: Fify-five percen sohwes flow (Rnways 23L and 23R) Fory-five percen norheas flow (Rnways 5L and 5R) able 3 provides he hisorical rnway se modeled a RDU since he fory-five percen in norheas flow and fify-five percen in sohwes flow observed for 2009 is in he ypical range recorded a RDU since RealConors ses fligh racks ha mee cerain crieria and have enogh daa for modeling. his is discssed in ecion Rnway se flow from prior years was docmened in he varios repors lised in ecion 6. he rnway se flow for 1992 was docmened in he 1993 repor.

22 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 18 able 3 Comparison of Annal raffic Flow o 2009 Year Norheas (R/W 5) Annal Percen Flow ohwes (R/W 23) Year Average orce: HMMH, RDUAA Use of Individal Rnways As menioned previosly, each of he individal 170,608 fligh racks modeled in INM had an assigned rnway. he fligh racks inclded all six direcions of RDU s hree rnways. he smmarized rnway se is presened in able 4. All civilian helicopers are modeled as if hey land and ake off from axiways G & H. ince he fligh racking daa did no inclde siable daa for miliary operaions, HMMH assmed ha he miliary aircraf had he same rnway se as similar civilian aircraf ypes. In addiion, according o NCANG personnel, miliary operaions oher han helicopers se Rnways 5L/23R and 5R/23L. In he conor developmen for 1991 hrogh 2005, miliary helicopers no based a RDU sed he ramp a he NCANG base (hen modeled as imaginary Rnway 18/36) for arrivals and deparres. he NCANG base is locaed near he sohern end of Rnway 14/32. However, recen discssions wih RDUAA saff indicae ha miliary helicopers no based a RDU (non-ncang) land and ake-off from axiways G & H and were modeled as sch for 2006 hrogh All NCANG helicopers se he NCANG ramp. able 4 conains he rnway se percenages for 2009 for an annal average day. Dring calendar year 2009, Rnway 5L/23R was ofen closed for rehabiliaion, primarily in May and December. Dring calendar year 2009 Rnway 5R/23L nderwen rehabiliaion. hese rnway closres had

23 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 19 he effec of redcing operaions on Rnway 5L/23R and increasing operaions on Rnway 5R/23L in 2009 relaive o he se of acal fligh racking daa ensres ha acal rnway se is modeled.

24 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 20 able 4 Rnway Use Percenages for he Modeled Annal Average Day 2009 Air Carrier, Air Cargo, and Miliary Je Dayime Nighime Rnway Deparre Arrival Deparre Arrival 5L R L R oal Regional Je Dayime Nighime Rnway Deparre Arrival Deparre Arrival 5L R L R oal Corporae Je Dayime Nighime Rnway Deparre Arrival Deparre Arrival 5L R L R oal Miliary & Commer Propeller Dayime Nighime Rnway Deparre Arrival Deparre Arrival 5L R L R oal General Aviaion Propeller Dayime Nighime Rnway Deparre Arrival Deparre Arrival 5L R L R oal Noe: oals may no mach exacly de o ronding. orce: HMMH, Aircene.com

25 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page Fligh racks and Fligh rack Use andard inp for INM incldes aircraf fligh racks developed from observaion of fligh operaions a an airpor. A grop of fligh racks from aircraf sing a specific rnway and going o or from a single fix is referred o as a fligh corridor. he widh of a fligh corridor generally increases wih increasing disance from he airpor as individal racks become more laerally dispersed. his dispersion occrs for a variey of reasons, mos of which are o of he pilo's conrol. Air raffic conrol reqiremens, weaher and aircraf climb performance are a few of he facors involved. o model he noise exposre properly, i is imporan o model he dispersion properly. everal mehodologies have been sed o develop modeled fligh racks over he hisory of noise conor developmen a RDU and hese are described in ecion 2.1. For he 2009 fligh racks, RealConors prepared each of he 170,608 individal fligh racks for se in he INM, as discssed in ecion he INM sed he convered fligh rack daa o prodce he annal conors. he large nmber of individal model fligh racks, each developed from an acal recorded fligh rack, ensres ha fligh rack geomery and fligh corridor se is modeled as reasonably as possible for each individal airframe, engine ype and ime of operaion (day or nigh wih he 10 db penaly). Calendar year 2009 miliary aircraf operaions were modeled wih he represenaive model racks and model rack se ha HMMH developed for he 2004 annal conors. Figre 2 and Figre 3 presen fligh racks in Norheas flow and ohwes flow respecively. Figre 2 shows aircraf operaions for April 16, 2009 and incldes some arrivals o Rnway 32. Figre 3 shows aircraf operaions for May 8, 2009 and incldes deparres on Rnway 14 and some arrivals o Rnway 32. In boh figres, he rnway se on he wo primary rnways is abo he same. For example in Figre 2 here are abo he same nmber of operaions sing Rnway 5L as 5R. Appendix A of his repor presens he 2009 procedres for jes arriving and deparing RDU, which helps explain he majoriy of fligh pahs shown in Figre 2 and Figre 3.

26 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 22 (his page inenionally lef blank)

27 Granville Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y Deparre Fligh racks Arrival Fligh racks 70 Orange Inersae ae Roe Bondary Drham Parks Urban Area Waer River / ream R Incldes je and propeller aircraf operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R and propeller aircraf operaions associaed wih Rnway 14/32 Franklin no labeled (Norheas corner of his figre) Johnson no labeled (oheas corner of his figre) Wake 70 L Noes: Fligh racks for April 16, R 5L H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre02_RWY5LR_Fligh_racks.mxd RDU Bildings U Roe 501 RDU Propery Chaham ,000 24,000 32,000 Fee 2009 Fligh rack ample for Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R 40 8,000 Figre: 2 Page

28 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 24 (his page inenionally lef blank)

29 Granville Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y Deparre Fligh racks Arrival Fligh racks 70 Orange Inersae ae Roe U Roe Local Roads Railroad Parks Urban Area Waer River / ream R Incldes je and propeller aircraf operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R, and propeller aircraf operaions associaed wih Rnway 14/32, and helicoper operaions Wake 70 Franklin no labeled (Norheas corner of his figre) Johnson no labeled (oheas corner of his figre) L Noes: Fligh racks for May 8, R 5L H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre03_RWY23LR_Fligh_racks.mxd RDU Bildings Bondary Drham RDU Propery Chaham ,000 24,000 32,000 Fee 2009 Fligh rack ample for Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R 40 8,000 Figre: 3 Page

30 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 26 (his page inenionally lef blank)

31 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page Aircraf Alide Profile he aircraf alide profile is deermined by many facors inclding he aircraf weigh, engine hrs and flap seings of he aircraf and he weaher condiions a he ime of he aircraf operaion. he INM daabase incldes arrival and deparre profiles for mos aircraf wihin is daabase. he INM sally has only one arrival profile for each aircraf ype and HMMH sed he defal arrival profile for all arrival operaions. However, for a given aircraf/engine combinaion, deparre noise is dependen on aircraf ake-off weigh. ince aircraf ake-off weigh is ypically no repored by airlines, he INM has he opion o assign a deparre profile based on he disance of he aircraf s desinaion, or sage lengh, as a srrogae for weigh. Mos commercial jes and some propeller aircraf in he INM daabase have mliple deparre weighs while mos general aviaion aircraf, inclding corporae jes, only have a single weigh. RealConors examined each individal fligh rack s alide profile and assigned a bes mach from INM sandard daabase. 17 For hose miliary ypes ha are based on commercial airframes, like he C-9, HMMH assigned sage lenghs based on similar commercial aircraf ypes. 3.6 Meeorological Condiions he INM has several seings ha affec aircraf performance profiles and sond propagaion based on meeorological daa. Meeorological seings inclde annal average emperare, baromeric pressre, relaive hmidiy a he airpor, and average headwind speed. HMMH reviewed 2009 weaher daa from he Naional Climaic Daa Cener (NCDC,) for RDU (WBAN 13722). 18 Based on analysis of he NCDC daa, he annal average meeorological condiions for RDU in 2009 were: emperare of 61.6 degrees Fahrenhei, sea level pressre of in-hg. and relaive hmidiy of 65.5 percen. he headwind speed was se o he INM defal of 8.0 knos. 3.7 errain Daa errain daa describe he elevaion of he grond srronding he airpor, and on airpor propery. he INM, as sed for he RDU 2009 conors, ses errain daa o adjs he grond level nder he fligh pahs. he errain daa does no affec he aircraf s performance or noise levels, b does affec he verical disance beween he aircraf and a receiver on he grond. his in rn affecs noise propagaion assmpions in erms of he disance beween he aircraf and receiver and how noise propagaes over grond. he 2009 conors were developed wih errain daa provided by he Unied aes Geographic rvey (UG) Cerain limis were placed on his process. In pariclar, profiles were no seleced if he aircraf wold, according o INM, overrn he rnway. 18 Daa downloaded from hp:// on 11/16/ Daa downloaded from hp://seamless.sgs.gov on 01/29/2009 in GridFloa forma.

32 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 28 (his page inenionally lef blank)

33 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 29 4 NOIE CONOUR For 2009, HMMH prepared hree ses of Day-Nigh Average ond Level (DNL) noise conors, as shown in he following for figres: Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on All Rnways Figre Annal Average Day Conors Compared o 2009 Annal Average Day Conors Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R Figre Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R Each figre presens he 55 db, 60 db, 65 db and 70 db DNL conors for each of he respecive ses. he 75 db DNL conor was comped b is oo small o be well depiced on hese figres. he 75 db DNL conor remains wihin he airpor bondary and does no exend more han 700 fee from Rnway 5L/23R or 600 fee from Rnway 5R/23L, or 100 fee from eiher of he wo helicoper locaions in any of he conor ses. Explanaions of he conors ses are provided on he pages following he figres.

34 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 30 (his page inenionally lef blank)

35 Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y DNL Conors * * 12 * 11 *10 *9 55! ( *8 Noise Monior Locaion RDU Propery RDU Bildings Inersae ae Roe U Roe Local Roads Bondary R 55 70! ( River / ream 65! ( L 14 *1 70! ( 32 Wake 5R y Chaham Con Waer 5L Drham Urban Area 23 *6 60! ( 23 Parks 70 H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre04_AAD_Conors.mxd 751 William B. Umsead ae Park *2 40 *4 Carl Alwin chenck Memorial Fores ,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 Fee 2009 Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on All Rnways Figre: 4 Page 31

36 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 32 (his page inenionally lef blank)

37 Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y 2009 DNL Conors 2008 DNL Conors * * 12 * 11 *10 *9 RDU Propery! ( 55 *8 Inersae ae Roe U Roe Local Roads Bondary R 55 70! ( Urban Area Waer River / ream L 14 *1 70! ( 5R Wake 32 5L Drham 65! ( Parks 23 *6 60! ( 23 H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre05_0708_AAD_Conor_Comparison.mxd RDU Bildings y Chaham Con Noise Monior Locaion William B. Umsead ae Park *2 40 *4 Carl Alwin chenck Memorial Fores ,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 Fee 2008 Annal Average Day Conors Compared o 2009 Annal Average Day Conors Figre: 5 Page 33 Railroad

38 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 34 (his page inenionally lef blank)

39 *10 ( *9! 55 Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y DNL Conors * * 12 * 11 *8 Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Noise Monior Locaion RDU Propery RDU Bildings Inersae ae Roe U Roe Local Roads Bondary R 70! ( River / ream 65! ( L 14 *1 70! ( 32 Wake 5R y Chaham Con Waer 5L Drham Urban Area 23 *6 60! ( Parks H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre06_AAD_5LR_Conors.mxd William B. Umsead ae Park *2 40 *4 Carl Alwin chenck Memorial Fores ,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 Fee 2009 Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R Figre: 6 Page 35 Railroad

40 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 36 (his page inenionally lef blank)

41 Raleigh - Drham Inernaional Airpor Pre p a r e d F o r: Ra le i g h - D r h a m Ai rp o r A h o r i y DNL Conors * * 12 * 11 *10 *9 55! ( *8 Noise Monior Locaion RDU Propery RDU Bildings Inersae ae Roe U Roe Local Roads Bondary R 55 70! ( River / ream 65! ( L 14 *1 70! ( 32 Wake 5R y Chaham Con Waer 5L Drham 60! ( Urban Area 23 *6 23 Parks H:\GI\UA\NC\301255_000_RDU_2009\301255_RDU_2009_Figre07_AAD_23LR_Conors.mxd William B. Umsead ae Park *2 40 *4 Carl Alwin chenck Memorial Fores ,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 Fee 2009 Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R Figre: 7 Page 37 Railroad

42 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 38 (his page inenionally lef blank)

43 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on All Rnways Figre 4 presens he 55, 60, 65 and 70 db DNL conors for he annal average day in 2009, based on he annalized aircraf operaions, rnway se, fligh rack geomery and fligh rack se discssed in ecion 3. Je aircraf operaions are he dominan sorce of overall exposre; propeller operaions are generally qieer and have a relaively limied effec on he size and shape of he conors, excep o he soheas of he airpor near Rnway 14/32. Helicoper operaions are mos prononced a wo locaions on airpor propery, axiways G & H, shown as a small circle nex o he Rnway 14 label, and he NCANG ramp, shown as a circle in he 65 db and blge in he 65 db DNL conors near he soheas end of Rnway 14/32. he elongaed shape reflecs he general air raffic flow in eiher a norheaserly or sohweserly direcion. As deparing aircraf proceed from he airpor in eiher of hese wo direcions, he ends of he conors begin o diverge ino lobes ha follow he principal fligh corridors as hey rn from he exended rnway cenerlines. I is also imporan o noe ha some of he lobes are dominaed by arrival noise, pariclarly along he exended rnway cenerlines a he 60 db DNL and 55 db DNL conors and also a he 65 db DNL conor on he norheas side of Rnway 5R/23L. he general smoohness of he conors is he resl of sing dispersed aircraf fligh racks in he noise modeling process, reflecing he narally dispersed nare of fligh racks wihin corridors, as individal aircraf proceed ono assigned headings o heir desinaions. here are some sble variaions in he comped noise vales as a resl of errain daa. 4.2 Comparison of 2008 and 2009 Annal Average Day DNL Conors Figre 5 compares he noise conors for 2009 wih hose for he wo conor ses have changes ha are primarily associaed wih he Rnway 5L/23R closres. he noise levels associaed wih Rnway 5L/23R operaions decreased less han 1 db while noise levels associaed wih Rnway 5L/23R operaions increased less han 1 db on rnway cenerline where arrivals dominae. he noise levels associaed wih Rnway 14/32 and he NCANG faciliy decreased abo 3 db. he 2009 conors o he sohwes show he shif in noise cased by he Rnway 5L/23R closres. Noise levels associaed wih Rnway 5L arrivals and Rnway 23R deparres decrease on he order of 1 db or less along Rnway 5L/23R cenerline beween Inersae 40 and ae Highway 55. he 2009 conors have an increase of less han 1 db along Rnway 5R/23L cenerline beween Inersae 40 and Noise Monior 4 cased by he increase in Rnway 5R arrivals and Rnway 23L deparres. he increase in Rnway 5R arrival and Rnway 23L deparre noise made he db DNL conor exend frher owards Noise Monior 4. On he norheas side of he airpor, he 2009 and db and 60 db DNL conors have hree primary lobes. he hree lobes in he conors are associaed wih (lised from eas o wes) Rnway 23L arrivals (noise moniors 8 and 11), Rnway 23R arrivals (noise moniors 9 and norhwes of 12), and finally Rnway 5L and Rnway 5R deparres (noise monior 10). he lobe associaed wih Rnway 5L and Rnway 5R deparres exends ino Drham. he Rnway 23L arrival lobe increased less han 1 db in 2009 while he Rnway 23R lobe decreased by approximaely 1 db becase of he shif in arrival operaions associaed wih he Rnway 5L/23R closres. he 2009 deparre lobe shows a decrease in noise ha is less han 1 db.

44 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 40 able 5 presens he gross land area wihin each of he noise conors for 2009 as well as he preceding seveneen years. 20 As he able shows, he areas wihin he individal conor inervals decreased slighly from 2008 o I shold be noed ha he 75 db DNL conors have been compleely wihin he airpor propery since As discssed in ecion 3.2, from 2008 o 2009 RDU experienced a welve percen decrease in he oal operaions. his change in overall operaions is sfficien o case a noiceable change in he overall size of he conors. here were also changes in operaions for cerain aircraf ypes as well as differences in rnway flow. hese facors, in aggregae, resled in an overall redcion in he conor area for any given level in he 2009 conors. he resl in he 2009 conors is a six percen decrease in he oal area for he 55 db DNL conor, a seven percen decrease in he oal area for he 60 db DNL conor, a en percen decrease in he oal area for he 65 db DNL conor, en percen decrease in he oal area for he 70 db DNL conor and a nine percen decrease in he oal area for he 75 db DNL conor Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 5L and 5R As discssed previosly, dring many days of he year he raffic flow is exclsively o he norheas. When his occrs, he noise exposre paern differs considerably from he exposre shown in Figre 4 and Figre 5. Figre 6 shows he exposre on an annal average day in norheas flow (i.e., sing Rnways 5L and 5R), which occrred fory-five percen of he ime in Annal Average Day Conors for All Operaions on Rnways 23L and 23R As discssed previosly, dring many days of he year he raffic flow is exclsively o he sohwes. When his occrs, he noise exposre paern differs considerably from he exposre shown in Figre 4 and Figre 5. Figre 7 shows he exposre on an annal average day in sohwes flow (i.e., sing Rnways 23L and 23R), which occrred fify-five percen of he ime in he conors of Figre 4 are he eqivalen of combining Figre 6 and Figre 7 in he proporion ha norheas flow and sohwes flow occrred dring Land area from he prior conors was docmened in he varios repors lised in ecion 6. he area for he 1992 final conors was docmened in he 1993 repor.

45 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 41 able 5 Comparison of Land Use Areas wihin Noise Conors o 2009 Year Area Wihin DNL Conor (sq. mi.) 55 db DNL 60 db DNL 65 db DNL 70 db DNL 75 db DNL 1992 Final * * * * * * * * Noes: Areas are cmlaive; e.g., he area wihin he 70 db DNL conor incldes he area wihin he 75 db conor and he area wihin he 55 db conor incldes he area wihin all conor inervals. * Compleely on airpor propery 21 wo conor ses were prodced for 1992, one sing he hisorical mehod of simlaed fligh racks in conjncion wih NOIEMAP, and a second (final) one sing he mehod of acal, radar-recorded fligh racks in conjncion wih ARMAP. he second (final) conor se is described in he 1993 repor.

46 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 42 (his page inenionally lef blank)

47 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 43 5 INGLE EVEN CONOUR he DNL conors presened in ecion 4 are comprised of he individal aircraf operaions ha occrred hrogho he corse of he year. his secion presens he ond Exposre Level (EL) conors for he arrival/deparre cycles of represenaive aircraf operaing a RDU dring he EL meric is he individal aircraf componen of he DNL meric and incldes boh an aircraf s sond level and draion (oal noise energy of he single even). In each of he figres, he aircraf is moving from lef o righ. On he lef side he aircraf is arriving o he rnway, crossing he landing hreshold of he rnway a he 0 on he scale. 23 he aircraf hen depars from he rnway o he righ, saring is ake-off roll a 0. he conors were prepared wih condiions represenaive of RDU dring RDUAA saff seleced he fifeen aircraf presened here o represen he variey of operaions a RDU. Figre 8 presens ond Exposre Levels for eigh commercial aircraf along wih images of he aircraf while Figre 9 presens ond Exposre Levels for seven corporae/general aviaion aircraf along wih images of he aircraf. he EL conors and he images of he aircraf are a he same respecive scales in boh figres. he descripions of he varios aircraf ypes are presened below and on he pages ha follow. Airbs A he Airbs A was he mos common wide-body aircraf operaing a RDU in 2009 and was mosly sed for cargo. Boeing wih FedEx Heavyweigh Hshki he Boeing was generally sed for cargo a RDU dring Alhogh he oal nmber of operaions was relaively small compared o he overall 2009 operaions (able 2), hese aircraf were among he lodes aircraf ha reglarly operaed a RDU in In addiion, over half of he operaions occrred dring he nighime hors which added he 10 db penaly wihin he DNL meric. Boeing he Boeing is also similar in noise characerisics o he and hese aircraf conribe o he DNL conors becase hey were some of he mos common aircraf o operae a RDU in 2009, as opposed o hese aircraf being relaively lod. ohwes Airlines was he primary Boeing operaor a RDU in Airbs A319 he Airbs A319 is he mos common and smalles varian of he A320 family ha operaed a RDU dring he A320 family also incldes he A320 and A321 boh of which also operae a RDU and are lised in able 2. he primary A319 operaors a RDU in 2009 were U Airways, Unied Airlines and Norhwes Airlines. For he 2009 noise conors, he A319 also represened operaions of he Embraer 190, which made p approximaely fifyhree percen of he operaions lised as Embraer 170/190 in able he ond Exposre Level conors presened in his ecion were prepared as par of he 2007 repor wih INM 7.0a sing calendar year 2007 meeorological condiions and he mos common deparre profile sed for hese conors are represenaive of 2009 condiions for he prpose of his ecion for comparing noise from differen aircraf ypes. 23 he aircraf is a an alide of 50 fee as i crosses he landing hreshold.

48 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors March 2011 HMMH Repor No page 44 Figre 8 ond Exposre Level Conors for elec Commercial Aircraf

49 echnical Repor on Preparaion of 2009 RDU Noise Conors HMMH Repor No Figre 9 March 2011 page 45 ond Exposre Level Conors for elec General Aviaion Aircraf McDonnell Doglas DC-9-50 wih AB Hshki hese aircraf, like he Boeing , have been fied wih a hshki o comply wih crren noise reglaions in he Unied aes (hshkied from 14 CFR Par 36 age 2 o age 3). his aircraf represens all of he operaions lised as DC-9-40/50 in able 2. Dring 2009, his aircraf was sed primarily for passenger service a RDU by Norhwes Airlines. McDonnell Doglas MD-82 his was he second mos common of he MD-80 series aircraf operaing a RDU in he MD-80 series was he hird mos common air carrier aircraf families in 2009 and were one of he noisies aircraf operaing a he airpor. his aircraf is a