CHAPTER THIRD. About Konkan. the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has a diverse number of ethnic e and religious communities. MAP 3.

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1 CHAPTER THIRD PROFILE OF KONKAN REGION 3.1 Introduction Selection of location wherein the study would be conduct was an portant step in research process. It has also been realiz by Social Scientists and emphasiz by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) that the formulation reach through macro-level studies are not very meaningful from the viewpoint of policy decisions because such studies lead to sweeping aggregative generalizations. refore specific area bas studies are expect to give more meaningful and significant information. About Konkan Konkan Division is the administrative division in the coastal region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has a diverse number of ethnic e and religious communities. MAP 3.1 KONKAN REGION

2 Konkan is a great area having a huge potential in terms of Industry, Tourism, Fruits and horticulture, Minerals, Fisheries etc. it is very strategically locat between Mumbai the commercial capital of India and Goa the great tourism destination. It is lin with a large coastline making it strategically locat for any global trade. Being locat next to Mumbai, it is already enjoying spill over of Multi crore industries being locat in Konkan. Reliance Industries with its petrochemical plant in Patalganaga, Birla s Sponge iron plant near Dharmatar, Mittal s Sponge iron plant at Dolvi, IPCL s petrochmical plant at Nagothane, RCF s fertilizer plant at Nhava Sheva, Hindustan lever s detergent plant at Chiplun, JNPT one of the largest Port and growing very fast locat at Nhava Sheva, Thane with all the Multinational pharmaceutical industries and large number of mium and small scale industries. Konkan also has history and culture as old as Lord Parshuram and Shivaji. Konkan has natural beauty with lush green rice fields, mango orchards, Hills, thick forests, large coastline, beaches and Hill stations. Thus place is quite suitable for business tourism as well as short duration tourism (weekend escape), Resort bas tourism, Hill station tourism, nature tourism. Konkan Konkan (Marathi: क कण), also call the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugg section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore. sapta-konkan is a slightly larger region describ in the Skanda-purana. Konkan Division is also one of six administrative sub-divisions of the state of Maharashtra, comprising of its costal districts. Residents of Konkan and their descendants are call Konkanis. name may also refer specifically to the Konkani people, an ethnic group of the region; most of whom speak the Konkani language. Sanskrit term Konkanastha (क कण थ क कण थ), means "Resident of Konkan". precise definition of Konkan varies, but most include Maharashtra's districts of Raigad, Mumbai, Thane, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg, the state of Goa, and the Uttar Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka.

3 sapta-konkan as depict in Skanda-purana stretches from Maharashtra to Karnataka. This is actually logical since there are a lot of silarities in the food-habits (rice and fish), crops cultivat (rice, mangoes, cashews and jackfruit) and the physique (tall and well-built) of people dwelling in this area. Konkan division 3.2 Map of the districts comprising the Konkan division of Maharashtra.

4 Konkan divisionn is an administrative sub-division of Maharashtra comprises all the coastal districts of the state. Area: 30,746 km² Population (2001 census): 24,807,357 Districts: Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Thane Literacy: 81.36% Area under irrigation: 4, km² History of administrative districts in Konkan Division

5 re have been changes in the names of Districts and has seen also the addition of newer districts after India gain Independence in 1947 and also after the state of Maharashtra was form. In 1961 the Konkan region became a part of the newly form state of Maharashtra. Prior to this it was a part of Bombay province which was split to form Gujarat and Maharashtra. Creation of the Sindhudurg from the southern areas of the Ratnagiri district. erstwhile Kolaba district was renam as Raigad. A proposal to carve Jhawar district out of Thane District is being consider on account of its high tribal population. Geography Sahyadri Mountain range ("Western Ghats") forms the eastern boundary of the Konkan, and the Arabian Sea marks the western boundary. southern boundary is the Gangavali River. Mayura River forms the northern boundary. Gangavali flows in the district of North Canara ("Uttara Kannada") in present-day "Karnataka State"; the cis-gangavali portion (seen from Bombay) of this district is the southern-most part of the Konkan. towns of Gokarn, Guhagar, Honavar, and Karwar fall within the Konkan. exact identity of the Mayura River, the northern lits of the historic Konkan, is indeterminate. Ethnology Gramit or Gamit tribals of the Maharashtra Konkan (districts of Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad or Alibag or Colaba, Mumbai Urban, Mumbai Suburban and Thane in "Maharashtra State") are among the original settlers in the region Kunkna tribals native to the territories of Maharashtra Konkan, Dadra & Nagar-Haveli, Daman and Cis-Narmada Gujarat,are another tribal community. Villages - District & Talukawise Thane District

6 Bhivandi Dahanu Javhar Kalyan Murbad Mokhada Palghar Shahapur Thane Talasari Vasai Wada Ulhasnagar Raigad District Alibaug Karjat Khalapur Mahad Mangaon Mhasale Murud Panvel Pen Poladpur Shrivardhan Sudhagad Uran Roha Ratnagiri District Chiplun Dapoli Guhagar Kh Mandangad Rajapur Ratnagiri Lanja Sangameshwar Sindhudurga District Devgad Kankavli Kudal Malvan Savantwadi Vaibhavwadi Vengurle 3.2 Thane Thane is a district in northern Maharashtra state in western India. headquarters of the district is the city of Thane. Other major cities in the district are Navi Mumbai (formerly New Bombay), Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayander, Bhiwandi, Ulhasnagar,Ambarnath, Kulgaon-Badlapur, Dahanu, Shahapur, Wada and Vasai-Virar. This is the third-most industrialis district in Maharashtra. district is situat between 18 42' and 20 20' north latitudes and 72 45' and 73 48' east longitudes. area of the district is 9558 km². shape of the district is triangular. district is bound by Pune and Ahmadnagar on the east, Nashik on the east and northeast, Valsad District of Gujarat state and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli on the north. Arabian Sea forms the western boundary, while it is bound by Mumbai City District and Mumbai Suburban District on the southwest and Raigad District on the south. Origin of name district deriv it's name from the city of Thane, which is the district headquarters. name Thane deriv from the ancient name of the same city, Shristhanaka, when it was the capital of the Shilahara kings Ancient History of Thane History of Thane district can be divid into four major periods, Early Hindu period partly mythic and partly historic, coming down to about AD 1300 and properly call Ancient period; Musl period lasting from 1300 to 1660 the Maratha period from 1660 to 1800; and the British period since chief interest in the history of

7 3.3 Map of Thane District Thane district is that, with comparatively few and short breaks, some of its ports, Sopara, Kalyan, Thane or Sanjan, has from pre-historic tes, taken a leading part in the foreign commerce of Western India. From pre-historic tes the Thane coast has had relation with land beyond the Indian Ocean. From B.C to B.C. 500 there are sign of trade with Egypt, Phoenicia and Babylon; from B.C.250 to A.D. 250 there are dealing with, perhaps settlements of,, Greeks and Parthians; from A.D. 250 to A.D. 640 there were Persian alliance and Persian settlements; from A.D. 700 to A.D there were Musalman trade relations and Musalman settlements from Arabia and Persia; in 1530 there was part of conquest by the Portuguese; and in 1664 the settlement of British. Thane district forms part of North Konkan also call Aprant ( western end) later known as Puri-Konkan after its capital Puri. earliest knownn fact in the history of Thane coast & incidentally of Apranta belongs to engraving of Ashoka icts an basalt bouldes at sopara about six milles north of vasai. According to Buddhist writting sopara was a royal seat & great center of commerce during the life line of Gautam Buddha (B.C. 540) In Shilharas rege Thane city was describ as pretty town by the Arab writers. merchants who carri on the Thane trade were local Hindu, Muslman & Parsi traders. shilaharas rul over North Konkan for move than 400 years. y gave liberal patronage to art & Culture the temple at Ambarnath which is still extant testify the architectural & Sculptural skill of the age. I) DISTRICT PROFILE Geography

8 district is the northernmost part of the Konkan lowlands of Maharashtra. It comprises the wide amphitheatre like Ulhas basin on the south and hilly Vaitama valley on the north together with plateaus and the slopes of Sahyadri. From the steep slopes of the Sahyadri in the east, the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and centre of the district to the Ulhas valley in the south. se lowlands are separat from the coast by a fairly well-defin narrow ridge of hills that runs northsouth to the east of the Thane creek, parallel to the sea keeping a distance of about 6 to 10 km from the shores. A number of isolat hills and spurs also dot the entire district area. Clate re are two distinctly different clates in the district, one on the western coastal plains and the other on the eastern slopes of Sahyadri. clate on the western coastal plains of Thane, Vasai, Palghar and Dahanu talukas is tropical, very humid and warm. clate on the plains at the foot of the slopes (Kalyan, Bhiwandi, Vada, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath and Talasari talukas) and on the eastern slopes of Sahyadri (Murbad, Shahapur, Jawhar, Vikramgad and Mokhada talukas) is comparatively less humid. temperature variation is also more in the eastern part of the district comparing to the western coastal areas. district has four distinct seasons in a year. winter season is from December to February, follow by the summer season from March to June. southwest monsoon season is from June to September. October and November months constitute the post-monsoon season, which is hot and humid in the coastal areas. In the coastal area, the average daily maxum temperature in summer is 32.9ºC (maxum record at Dahanu is 40.6ºC on 19 April 1955 CE) and in winter average mean daily minum temperature is 16.8ºC (minum record at Dahanu is 8.3ºC on 8 January 1945 CE). But in the interior parts of the district, the average daily minum temperature is slightly

9 lower in the winter season and the average daily maxum temperature is higher in the summer season. average annual rainfall in the district is mm. rainfall in the district increases from the coastal areas to the interior. rainfall varies from mm at Mah on the coast to mm at Shahapur in the interior. rainfall during the southwest monsoon season, June to September, constitutes about 94% of the annual rainfall. July is the wettest month with a rainfall of about 40% of the annual total. variation in the annual rainfall from year to year in the district is not large. highest rainfall record in 24 hours at any station in the district was mm at Dahanu on 1 September, 1958 CE. Divisions Thane comprises 15 talukas. talukas are Thane, Kalyan, Murbad, Bhiwandi, Shahapur, Vasai, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath, Dahanu, Palghar, Talasari, Jawhar, Mokhada, Wada and Vikaramgad. re are 13 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Thane district. se are, Vasai, Palghar (ST), Thane, Belapur, Ulhasnagar, Ambernath, Kalyan, Murbad, Wada (ST), Bhiwandi, Dahanu (ST), Jawhar (ST) and Shahapur (ST). 2 Lok Sabha constituencies in this district are Thane and Dahanu (ST). Vasai and Palghar (ST) Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency. Thane district is under proposal to be bifurcat and a separate Jhawar (Tribal) district be carv out of existing Thane district. Demography It had a population of 8,131,849 of which 72.58% were urban as of Total literacy rate of the district is 80.67% (male 87.06% and female 73.10%)

10 southern talukas are the mostly urban areas and hence along with Marathi many other languages like Sindhi, Gujarati and Hindi are spoken. Marathi is the main language in rural talukas. Western coastal region is mostly populat by Kolis, the northern and the eastern talukas are populat by the Varlis, known for making stark ages from r mud on house walls. Economy According to 1991 Census, the total working population in the district was 19,61,704 persons, which is 37.37% of the total population of the district. Out of total working force, 30.75% were engag in agriculture and alli activities, 1.19% in manufacturing, service and cottage industries and remaining 30.69% in other activities. Out of total working force, the female working force was 22.89% in the district. Agriculture portant kharif crops of the district are rice, vari and nachani (finger millet). pulses like Urad, moong and kulith are also grown in this season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Rice is grown in all the talukas of the district but mainly in Palghar, Bhiwandi, Murbad, Shahapur, Vada, Vikramgad and Dahanu. Vari and nachani are grown in the hilly areas of the eastern part of the district, namely Jawhar, Murbad, Vikramgad, Shahapur and Mokhada talukas. Wal, chavali and gram are the main rabi crops grown in this district. Dahanu taluka is famous for fruits. Chikoos (sapotas) are grown on a large scale at Gholwad. Chikoo orchards are also found in Palghar and Talasari talukas. Chikoos grown in these areas are sent all over India. Other fruits grown in the district are guavas, mangoes, papayas, grapefruits and coconuts. Vasai and Palghar talukas are famous for different varieties of bananas such as rajeli, tambeli, mutheli and velchi. Seasonal fruits grown in the district such as bor, wild berries and litchis have great demands in the markets of

11 Mumbai. Vegetables are also grown in the district. Among the vegetables, eggplants are grown on a large scale. re are rose gardens at Dahanu. Industries Thane is the third most industrialis district in the State. re are 1548 large and mium scale and 18,480 small scale industries in the district. main products of these industries are Drugs, Textiles, Adhesives, Plastics, Rubber, Steel, Pharmaceuticals, Engineering, Fertilizers, Electronics, Chemicals and Iron & Steel. Thane-Belapur-Kalyan industrial belt is the centre of highly sophisticat modern industries. In Ambarnath, Bhiwandi, Badlapur, Tarapur and Murbad there are nearly 4000 industries which contributes towards the industrialisation of the district. Manufacture of machinery, machine tools and parts except electrical machinery together with the iron and steel industry and metal products are the most portant and the biggest group of industries in the district and includes manufacture of Pre movers, Boilers, Refrigerators, Machine Tools, Computing and Accounting machinery, Industrial machinery for food and textile industries, machinery for chemicals, paper and cement industries. Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals including fertilizers, vegetable and anal oils and fats, paints, varnishes and lacquers and other miscellaneous chemical products is another portant industry in the district. se industries are mainly concentrat in the Trans-Thane Creek and Belapur Road industrial area. mium and large industries manufacturing chemicals and chemical products are Pfizer, Lubrizol India Ltd., Polyolefins Industries Ltd., NOCIL, Herdillia Chemicals Ltd., BASF (India) Ltd., Star Chemicals, Indofil Chemicals Ltd., and Phoenix Chemical Works. chemical industries are also found in other parts of the district like Wagle Industrial Estate, Pokhran Road, Ambarnath and Dombivali. cotton and non-cotton power looms are mainly locat at Bhiwandi, Thane and Kalyan. Traditionally, Bhiwandi is famous for its handlooms. But the deteriorating markets for the handlooms compell the weavers to replace their handlooms by powerlooms.

12 Fisheries constitute an portant industry in Thane district. It is carri out in sea as well as in creeks and estuaries on the western coast. Marine fishery prominates over inland fishery in the district and provides employment to about 75% of the persons engag in the fishing industry. Fishing in sea is carri out along the coast stretching over about 110 km. portant fishing centres in the district are Dahanu, Pokharan- Uchheli, Nawapur, Murabe, Satpute, Datiware, Arnala, Vasai and Uran. Food processing industries like grain mill products, Bakery products, Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar Confectionery, Salt, ice, slaughtering, preparation and preservation of meat, dairy products, canning and preservation of fruits and vegetables, canning, preserving and processing of fish are develop in the district. Raptakos, Brett and Co., Pfizer Ltd., Cadbury Fry (India) Ltd. which produce modifi milk food and high protein food are some of the large and mium companies in the district. Wood products like plywood and veneer, wooden boxes, barrels, bamboo, cane baskets, bobbins, industrial fixtures, cork & cork products are also manufactur in the district. Tarapur Atomic Power Station which has usher an era of utilisation of nuclear energy for electricity generation is also situat in the district. finance is being provid by various public sector and private sector Banks and Financial Institutions in the district. Bank of Maharashtra is one of the leading Public Sector Banks of the district, having 60 branches (2000 CE). Transport Thane Municipal Corporation start its own public transport service known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) from February 9, TMT has a fleet of 289 buses which ply on 45 routes from 2 bus-depots and 8 bus-stands ferrying approxately 2.8 lakhs commuters daily. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation also has its own public transport service known as Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT). Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) buses connect Thane city to different parts of the district and also to other districts.

13 total railway track length in the district is km. spread in western and central part of the district. Western Railway network passes through Vasai, Palaghar and Dahanu talukas of the district and Central railway network passes through Thane, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar and Shahapur talukas of the district. Western Railway local trains leaving from Churchage railway station go up to Dahanu Road railway station in the district. Central Railway local trains leaving from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus go up to Kalyan, Ambarnath, Badlapur, Karjat and Kasara. In 1994 CE, a new connection made from Diva Junction to Vasai. This connection join Central Railway and Western Railway networks and its length is km [13]. Konkan Railway network also passes through a part of the district. Local trains have now start plying from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai to Panvel on this network. Dahanu, Satpati, Mah. Kalyan, Vasai, and Uttan are the ports on the Arabian Sea coast. Ferry services are available between these ports. Meter Auto Rickshaws ply in Thane, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhyander and several other towns. Meter Taxi services are also available in Thane, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar and some other towns. 3.3 RIAGAD 3.4 Map of Raigad District

14 Raigad district Raigad District (Marat thi: ), also known as Raigarh D District, is a district in the Indiann state of Maharashtra. It is locat in thee Konkan region. district was renam after Raigad, the fort and former capital of the Maratha leaderr Shivaji, which is locat in the interior forests of the district, on a west-facing spur of the Western Ghats or Sahyadri range. district had a population of 2,207,929 of which 24.22% weree urban as of district is bound by Mumbai Harbour to the northwest, Thane District to the north, Pune District to the east, Ratnagiri district to the south, and the Arabian Sea to the west. It includes the large natural

15 harbor of Pen-Mandwa, which is miately south of Mumbai harbour, and forming a single landform with it. Part of the district is includ in the plann metropolis of Navi Mumbai, and its port, the Jawaharlal Nehru Port. district includes Kashid and Kih beaches, besides the towns of Khopoli, Khalapur, Uran, Patalganga, Rasayani, Nagothana, Pen. largest cities include Panvel, Alibag, Karjat, and Mahad. biggest city both in area and population is Panvel. district also includes the isle of Gharapuri or Elephanta, locat in Uran tehasil which has ancient Hindu and Buddhist caves. Transport Raigad District is connect to Mumbai by Sion-Panvel Highway. Mumbai- Pune expressway as also NH4 passes through Panvel. NH 17 also terminates here. Konkan Railwyline passes through panvel, Roha, Mangaon and veer. main ports are JNPT, Mandava, Reavas, Murud and Shrivardhan Geographical Area Total Area 7,148 Thousand Hectare Clate & Rainfall Average Rainfall in District M.M. Minum Temperature 16.1 Degree Celsius Maxum Temperature 40.4 Degree Celsius Geographical Location North Latitudes to East Longitudes to Population (2001 Census) Total lacs Male lacs Female lacs Rural lacs Male 8.34 lacs Female 8.39 lacs Urban 5.34 lacs Male 2.83 lacs Female 2.51 lacs 0-6 Population Persons 3.1 lacs Males 1.6 lacs Females 1.5 lacs Literacy Rates (%) Total 77 Male 86.1 Female 67.7

16 Illiteracy Rates (%) Total 39.6 Male 30.9 Female 48.5 Schul Castes-Proportion (%) Total 2.4 Male 2.4 Female 2.4 Schul Tribes-Proportion (%) Total 12.2 Male 12.2 Female 12.2 Work Participation Rate (%) Total 41.4 Male 52.7 Female 29.8 Proportion of Main Workers (%) Total 30.9 Male 43.3 Female 16.5 Proportion of Marginal Workers (%) Total 11.3 Male 9.4 Female 13.3 Proportion of Non Workers (%) Total 58.6 Male 47.3 Female 70.2 Cultivators-Proportion of Total Workers (%) Total 28.6 Male 21.8 Female 40.9 Agricultural Labourers-Proportion of Total Workers (%) Total 20.4 Male 13.9 Female 32.1 Workers in Household Industry -Proportion of Total Workers (%) Total 2.7 Male 2.3 Female 3.2 Workers in other then Household Industry -Proportion of Total Workers (%) Total 48.4 Male 62.0 Female 23.8 Sex Ratio Female per 1000 Males 976 Household size 5.0 Administrative Divisions Revenue Subdivisons Tahasil Offices Municipal Councils 11 Panchayat Samities Alibag, Panvel, Mangaon, Mahad Alibag, Pen, Murud, Panvel, Uran, Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Roha,Sudhagadh, Tala, Mahad, Mhasala, Shrivardhan, Poladpur Alibag, Pen, Murud, Panvel, Uran, Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Roha,Sudhagadh, Tala,

17 Gram Panchayats Villages Mahad, Mhasala, Shrivardhan, Poladpur 818 Nos Nos. Transport & Communication Railway Length 223 Kms. National Highway Length 213 Kms. State Highway Length 858 Kms. Post & Telegraph Offices 516 Industry Sugar Factories NIL Spinning Mills 1 Register Factories 363 Number of Industrial Estates Establish 3 Register Small Scale Units (as on ) 2,415 * No. of Joint Stock Companies (as on ) 94 Name of the Area Area Plann Hac. Major Industrial Areas in Raigarh Districts Total Plots No. Plots Alott No. Plots In Prdn.No. Plots Under Const. No. Shs Built Up No. Shs Allot No. Roha Patalganga and Additional Patalganga Mahad Additional Mahad Taloja Nagothane Industrial Opportunities: Industry groups in particular, which have scope for expansion are: 1. Cotton Textiles 2. Food products; 3. Wool, Silk and Synthetic Fibre Textiles; 4. Beverages, Tobacco and Tobacco products; 5. Paper and Paper Products, Printing, Publishing and Alli Products; 6. Chemicals and Chemical Products; 7. Non-Metallic Mineral Products; 8. Basic Metals and Alloy Industries; 9. Rubber, Plastic Petroleum and Coal Products; 10. Metal Products and Parts except Machinery and Transport Equipments; 11. Machinery, Machine Tools and Parts except Electrical Machinery; 12. Electrical Apparatus, Appliances, supplies and Parts; 13. Transport Equipments and Parts; 14. Other manufacturing industries;

18 15. Electricity; 16. Repair Services; and 17. Water Works and Supply. Among the specific industries having development potential are fruit processing, vegetable processing, tourism, fisheries, rice mills, rice bran, basic drugs, sugar, gur and Palm gur, Surgical and Mical Products, Solvent Extraction, Pesticides and Fabri- cation units. Development of Industrial units in MIDC Industrial Areas in the district No. of Areas: Major 6 Mini 4 Growth Centre 2 No. of Plots: Develop 1959 Allot 1651 Available 308 Industries Set up No. 825 Investment (Rs. mln) Employment Incentives Category of Incentive Group A Group B Group C Group D+ Talukas eligible Alibag, Karjat, Khalapur, Panvel, Pen, Uran (with BMR) Alibag, Khalapur, Panvel, Pen, Roha, Sudhagad (outside BMR) Karjat, Mahad, Mangaon, Mhasal Murud, Shrivardhan. Polapur. Fisheries Coastline Production 240 Kms. 46,176 Tonnes Mical Facilities Hospitals 33 Prary Health Centres 53 Sub Centres 277 Dispensaries 143 Educational Facilities

19 Prary Schools 2,386 Secondary Schools 177 Higher Secondary Schools 48 Colleges 12 Industrial Technical Instt. 5 Engineering Colleges 1 RATNAGIRI Ratnagiri is a coastal district of Maharashtra state, situat in the western coast of India. It has north-south length of about 180 km and average east-west extension of about 64 km. Sahyadri hills surround it in the east beyond which there are Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts, Raigad district in the north, the Arabian Sea in the west and Sindhudurg district in the south. 3.5 Map of Ratnagiri District

20 Ratnagiri can be physically divid into 3 zones. Coastal Zone: This zone extends to about km from seacoast and generally has low altitude and about 2500 mm rainfall. Most of the activities in this area are connect with sea. This area contains numerous beaches, creeks, sea forts, harbors, hot water springs, caves, temples and other religious places, places of scenic beauty as well as birthplace of some great personalities. possible tourist activities include inland and sea water ways, sailing, boating, water sports like water scooter, canoeing, fishing, camping, marinas, coastal resorts and marine parks; but the major problem is the lack of easy accessibility and road network. Hill area Zone: This area includes the western slopes of Sahyadri and extends up to about km. It generally has miumm to high altitude with high rainfall of about 3500 mm. A large area in this zone is cover by forest although it is deteriorating very fast. A substantial drop in temperature is experienc at places expos to the rising western breeze. This area contains hill forts, ghat roads, forests, wild life, etc. It gives panoramic views at many places. possible tourist activities include trekking, hiking, forest camps, holiday resorts, bird sanctuaries, wild life safari, etc. Middle Zone: This area lies between the coastal and hill areas and generally has a mium altitude. It is more accessible due to the Bombay-Goa-Highway as well as the Konkan railway.

21 However, it contains very few places of tourist interest, mostly religious places and hot water springs. HISTORY In 1731 Ratnagiri came under the control of Satara kings; in 1818 it was surrender to the british. A fort was built during the Bijapur dynasty and strengthen in 1670 by the Maratha king Shivaji, which is locat on a headland near the harbour. It is one of the ports of the konkan coast. It has a palace where the last king of Burma, Thibaw and later Veer Savarkar were confin. It is also believ that the Pandavas having perform their pilgrage on the 13th year had settl in the adjourning territory of the Ratnagiri district and when the Pandavas and the Kauravas had the famous war at Kuruskshetra, the king of this region Veeravat Ray had accompani them there. Ratnagiri district is locat in the southwestern part of Maharashtra State on the Arabian Sea coast. sorrounding area is border by the Sahyadri Hills on the East and Arabian Sea on the West. It forms a part of the greater tract known as Konkan. This region was under the rule of the Mauryas, the Nalas, the Silaharas, the Chalukyas, the Kadambas, the Portuguese, the Marathas and subsequently the British. In 1948 the independent princely state of Sawantwadi was merg with the Indian union and in 1956 with Bombay Province. In 1960 with the creation of Maharashtra, Ratnagiri became a district. In 1981 Ratnagiri district was bifurcat and the new district of Sindhudurg was creat. Ratnagiri has nine tahsils ; Mandangad, Dapoli, Kh, Chiplun, Guhagar, Sangameshwar, Ratnagiri, Lanja and Rajapur. Chief rivers in Ratnagiri are the Shastri, Bor, Muchkundi, Kajali. Ratnagiri is the district headquarters. It is the birth place of Lokmanya Tilak and many other eminent personalities. Ratnagiri is not for the delicious golden Haapus [Alphonso] mangos. heavy rainfall results into highly erod landscape in the coastal region. Fertile alluvial valleys produce rice and coconut as the main crops; fruits and cashewnut cultivation is being promot. DISTRICT AT A GLANCE Over 85% of the land surface in Ratnagiri district is hilly. All rivers in the district originate in the Sahyadri ranges and flow from east to west and merge in Arabian Sea. portant rivers of the district are Vashisthi, Jagabudi Bay and Naringi. It has 167 km long sea coast which contains many beaches, pats, and forts. 180 km long Sahyadri hill range, contains hills, hill forts, wild life and many places of scenic beauty. Number of creeks-ideal and safe for water sports, boating, fishing, swming, camping etc. Few rivers-which are navigable up to about 40 km distance from sea is also a good attraction for water front activities. Natural wonders like hot water springs at few places. Hills, sea shores, creeks, rivers, hot water springs, forests, water falls, & religious places attract tourists & pilgrs from great distance. Birthplaces of many famous personalities like Lokmanya Tilak, freom fighters, politicians, poets, authors etc. Alphonsa Mangoes [Hapus], Cashewnut, Kokum, Coconut etc. are famous for their quality and taste. Vivid cultural activities like folk dances and drama; local arts and crafts. Konkan is famous for its koli dances, the Dashavatari drama etc. Characteristic Konkan cuisine, especially non-vegetarian dishes of fish, prawns and seafood are mouth-watering. MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION [MIDC] - RATNAGIRI History After the formation of Maharashtra State on May 1, 1960, the Government of Maharashtra constitut a "Board of Industrial Development" (BID) on October 1, 1960, under the

22 Chairmanship of Shri. S. G. Barve, I.C.S. various committees recommendations receiv in the industries department were taken up for plementation and as per the Borkar Committees recommendations; development of Ulhas Valley Water Supply was entrust to the Board of Industrial Development (BID). BID fram the legislation and it was introduc before the state legislation and pass in the form of "Maharashtra Industrial Act" which gave birth to MIDC, as a separate corporation on August 1, BID were the first personnel strength of MIDC. A small ceremony at Wagle Estate Thane, under the Chairmanship of the Chief Minister Shri Y.B. Chavan, mark the birthday of MIDC on August 1, Board of Industrial Development during it's existence between October 1, 1960 to August 1, 1962, has done enough spade work to identify the locations for setting up industrial areas in different parts of the state. Thus, right in the first year of establishment MIDC has come up with 14 industrial areas, to initiate action for infrastructure and help entrepreneurs set up the industrial units in those areas. key historical policy decisions taken by MIDC certainly chang the social economic scenario of the state as its activities spread in the interior. portant policy decision of setting up "independent filter /potable water supply system of adequate capacity" as essential infrastructure for industrial development was the most intelligent step taken by MIDC right in the beginning. It stabiliz the population base near the industrial areas. strategically wise decision taken sultaneously to provide water supply to nearby domestic population from the capabilities creat by MIDC of their own water supply system result in a phenomenal urban growth in the nearby small towns and villages. growth of Kalyan complex and Ppri- Chinchwad are results of this key policy decision taken by MIDC. ACTIVITIES 1) Development of Industrial areas by acquiring land. 2) Preparing layout with suitable grouping of plot of various sizes and allotment of plots on leasehold basis. 3) Construction of roads, drainage system and provision of streetlights in the industrial areas. 4) Planning, plementing and managing water supply schemes. 5) Establishing common Facility centers(cfc) by providing accommodations for bank, post office, telecom facilities, police station, fire station, mical facilities canteen. etc. 6) Establishment of effluent collection and disposal systems for chemical zones 7) Implementing Government/Semi-Government projects. 8) New industrial venture in small, mium or large scale sector 9) Expansion or diversification of the existing industrial unit 10) Shifting of existing industrial unit 11) Service industry Commercial ventures like industrial warehousing, canteen, petrol pump shop. Health service to support the industrial units 12) Industrial housing wherever separate residential zones are development by MIDC. Advantages entrepreneur gets numerous advantages when he takes a plot of land in any of the industrial areas of MIDC. 1)Plot in recogniz Industrial Zone with approach road facility. 2)Location in a well laid out industrial neighborhood. 3)Plots of different sizes to meet the requirements of different industries. 4)Reasonable premium rates in the develop areas and subsidiz rates in the developing areas with a guarantee of clear title. 5)No separate non-agriculture (N.A.) permission of zoning clearance is necessary. 6)Adequate filter water supply is assur. 7)MIDC industrial area will not be includ within the lit of any Municipal Council or Corporation at least for 25 Years. Online application for allotment of land As a part of e-governance project, MIDC has launch an online application for hassle free customer service. All the existing valu customers and prospective customers of MIDC are request to please make use of this online application form. auto generat number may not

23 be treat as valid till the official launch of this application. MIDC is pleas to entertain the application submitt online through this "Online Application Form". a. Ratnagiri Mirjole Industrial Area Ratnagiri industrial area is establish just 4 km from the main Ratnagiri city. It is situat on the Ratnagiri - Kolhapur National Highway 204. area is 9 km from Mumbai-Goa national highway 17. This area is well connect by road, rail, air, and also water. Finolex Company and Narmada Cement Company have construct their own jetty. airstrip is within the industrial area. b. Lote Parshuram Industrial Area Lote-Parshuram industrial area is establish on both sides of Mumbai-Goa national highway 17. This area is 12 km from Chiplun taluka (towards Mumbai) and 17 km from Kh taluka (towards Goa) and 115 km. from Ratnagiri district. famous Parshuram Temple is only 4 km from the industrial area. Lote-Parshuram industrial area is well access by road and the Konkan railway. Chiplun railway station is just 7 km away from the industrial area. area is accessible to Pune, Satara, and Kolhapur via the Kumbharli Ghat. Koyna dam and a hydraulic power station are just 50 km from the area. c. Kherdi Chiplun Industrial Area Kherdi-Chiplun industrial area is situat on the Chiplun-Karad state highway. MIDC has acquir and is in possession of 81 hectares of land for this area. river Washishthi flows in this area. distances from the area are: Chiplun railway station, 12 km; Karad city of Satara district, 95 km; Ratnagiri district, 105 km; Koyna dam and the hydraulic power station, 40 km. d. Gane Khadpoli Industrial Area MIDC acquir and is in possession of hectares of land for Gane-Khadpoli industrial area, situat four km from the Chiplun-Karad state highway. River Washishthi flows in this area MIDC has construct an approach road from Chiplun-Karad state highway. Some of the distances from this industrial area are: Chiplun railway station, 12 km; Karad city of Satara district, 95 km; Ratnagiri district, 105 km; Chiplun taluka, 12 km; Koyna dam and the hydraulic power station, 35 km. e. Dapoli Mini Industrial Area Dapoli is well connect by roads with most of the major cities in Maharashtra f. Devrukh (Sadavali) Mini Industrial Area Sangmeshwar Mini Industrial Area is 3 kms away from Sangmeshwar town and 20 km from Mumbai-Goa National Highway 17. g. Dhabol-I Industrial Area Location Ratnagiri Gas TOURISM Ratnagiri district offers the most diverse attractions for the tourists. district is endow with many tourist assets. rising hills of Sahyadri on east and the depths of Arabian sea on the west contribute to the unparallel beauty of Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri is bless with hills, sea shores, creeks, beautiful rivers, hot water springs, forests and water falls among many others. Several Places to Visit: Places of worship : Ganapatipule, Velneshwar, Marleshwar, Hvi, Hatis, Parshuram [Chiplun], Rajapur Caves: Panhalekazi, Sangameshwar Palace: Thibaw Palace [Ratnagiri] Sea Shores: Kelshi, Murud, Guhaghar, Palshet, Ganpatipule, Velneshwar Beaches: Mandovi [Gateway of Ratnagiri], Bhatye, Guhagar, Anjarla, Ganapatipule Birth Places of eminent personalities: Ratnagiri, Malgund, Dapoli, Palgad Forts: Bankot, Mandangad, Ambolgad, Jaigad, Ratnadurg, Mahipatgad Sea Forts: Ratnadurg, Harne, Purnagad, Jaigad Bird Sanctuaries: Vanadi valley, Anaskura Ghat Exotic forests: Pat Panhale, Bavnadi valley

24 Teless Landscapes: Goval, Hatlot Ghat, Tivare Ghat, Amba Hill and Hill Ranges: Sahyadrian Ranges Rivers: Jagbudi, Vashisti, Kasavi Irrigation Projects: Natuwadi, Nandivali, Kolkewadi Water Falls: Parshuram, Prachitgad, Marleshwar Hot water Spring : Unhavare, Aravali, Tural, Rajapur SINDHUDURG Brief History of Sindhu udurg District Sindhudurg district is the southern part of the greater tract known as the 'Konkan' which is historically famous for its long coast line and safe harbors. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of the Ratnagiri district. For administrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development Ratnagiri district wass divid into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with w effect from 1 st May, Sindhudurg district now comprises of eight tahsils of Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad, Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi

25 and Dodamarg. word 'Konkan' is of Indian origin and of considerable antiquity, though the origin of the name has never been sufficiently explain. seven kingdoms of the Konkan of Hindu mythology are mention in the 'Hindu History of Kashmir' and are said to have includ nearly the whole west coast of India. Pandavas, are said to have pass through this region in the 13 th year of their exile and had settl in this area for some te. Raja of this region Veerat Ray had accompani them in the famous war at Kurukshetra with the Kauravas. In the second century A.D. great empire of Mauryas annex the entire Konkan coast. In the middle of the sixth century, kings of the Maurya and Nala dynasties appear to have been ruling in the Konkan. district of Ratnagiri was under the Silahars and the capital of their kingdom was probably Goa and later it may have been transferr to a more central place in the vicinity of Ratnagiri or Kharepatan. Chandrapur was one of the most ancient towns in Konkan, probably found by Chandraditya a son of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II. 16 th century saw the advent and rise of Portuguese power on the west coast of India and Sindhudurg was no exception. sultan lost hold on the district in 1675 with the rise of Shivaji leading finally into the hands of Marathas. Marathas continu to the district till 1817 i.e. when the struggle between the British and the Peshvas came to an end and the whole of Konkan was transferr to the British. In 1819 South Konkan was form as separate district with its headquarters first at Bankot and later at Ratnagiri. Three northern subdivisions were transferr to Thane District in 1830 and the district was ruc to a sub-collectorate level under Thane district. In 1832, it was again made a full-flg district and nam as Ratnagiri district. In the year 1945, a new mahal (tahsil) call Kankavli Mahal (tahcil) was form. former Indian state of Sawantwadi was merg with the district and the taluka boundaries were reorganiz in the year In the same year the new taluka of the

26 Sawantwadi was creat and two new mahals namely Kudal and Lanja were form. With the reorganization of the states in 1956, the district was includ in the Bombay state and since 1960; it forms a part of Maharashtra. name of the district has been adopt form the famous sea fort of Sindhudurg. This was built by Shivaji Maharaj near Malwan and it literally means 'Sea Fort'. Its construction start on November 25, 1664 and after 3 years it was complet in such a fashion that it could not be seen easily by the enemy coming from the Arabian Sea. District Profile Sindhudurg district is spread over an area of around 5,207 sq.kms. population of the District is 8, 68,825 as per census of modern township of Sindhudurg Nagari is the headquarters of Sindhudurg district. district is surround by the Arabian Sea on the east, the Belgaum District (Karnataka state) and Goa on the South and the Ratnagiri district on the North. Sindhudurg being a coastal district, the clate is generally moist and humid and the temperature variations during the day and throughout the seasons are not large. Sindhudurg is accessible by road on the NH-17 which passes through major towns of Kankavli, Kudal and Sawantwadi or by the picturesque journey on the Konkan Railway which stops at Kankavli, Sindhudurg, Kudal and Sawantwadi. nearest airports are at Ratnagiri, Belgaum (Karnataka) and Dabol (Goa). Sindhudurg district is situat between Latitudes and North, and longitudes and East. It is board by the Arabian Sea on the West and Sahyadri hill ranges to the East with a total area of 5,207 sq.km. Sindhudurg is in the Kokan area of Maharastra having picturesque stretch of land on the west cost of India, endow with the beautiful seashore, picturesque Mountains and scenic natural beauty and known for tropical fruit like the world famous Alphonso mangoes, cashews, Jamuns etc. National Highway 17 passes through this area. With 7 railway stations, a 103 Km stretch of Konkan Railway line

27 passes through this district. It has good road and rail s with Goa and Bombay. District Statistics in Brief Geographical Details North Latitudes to East Longitude to Geographical Area 5207 Sq.Kilometer. Clate : Min.Temp Max.Temp 16.3 Celsius 33.8 Celsius Rainfall : 3,287mm ( Average ) average rainfall is very high but almost all the rainwater causes surface run off, due to undulating topography and lack of any water pounding major and mium structures. Important Rivers in Sindhudurg District 1) Terekhol 2) Gad 3) Devgad 4) Karli 5) Vaghotan Statistical Details Population 8,68,825 Male 4,17,890 Female 4,50,935 Literacy 80.30% Male 90.30% Female 71.20% Density 167 Per Sq.Km. Sex Ratio 1079 ( For 1000 Male) area is largely rural populat with 91% of rural population of the total population of Tahasil's -( 8 ) 1. Dodamarg 2.Sawantwadi 3.Vengurla 4.Kudal 5. Malvan 6.Kankavli 7.Devgad 8.Vaibhavwadi Panchayat Samiti (8) 1. Dodamarg 2.Sawantwadi 3.Vengurla 4.Kudal 5. Malvan 6.Kankavli 7.Devgad 8.Vaibhavwadi Nagar Palika (4) 1.Vengurla 2.Sawantwadi 3.Malvan 4.Kankavli Gram Panchayat 433 Tot. Villages 743 No. of Towns 5 Police Station 9 Police outpost 23 Agriculture Details Major Crops Rice, Coconut, kokam, Mango, Cashew Annual Crop kokam, Mango, Cashew Irrigat 33,910 Hector Non-Irrigat. 1,04,390 Hector Forest 38,643 Hector 74% of total land holding in the district, are held by small and marginal farmers. irrigat area is only 23.48% through well and small channels.

28 Irrigation Major Projects 2 (Tilari & Talamba) Mium Projects 4 Small Projects State own : 33, Z.P. own : 460 Co-Operative Sector Total Co-op.Societies 971 Members in Co-op.Soc. 3,82,000 Industrial Sector Reg.Small scale Ind. 718 (Permanent), 2778 (Provisional) Co-op.Ind.Estate 2 Power Sector Pump Sets(electrifi) 13,966 Bio gas 571 Villages Electrifi 741 Public Health General Hospital 1 Sub District Hospital 3 Rural Hospital 7 Prary Health Center 38 Pry Health Sub Center 246 Z.P.Dispensaries 10 Transport & Communication Total Railway track 103 KM. Villages Connect by roads 743 Total Road Length 4640 KM National Highway 108 KM State Highway 668 KM Dist. Roads 1473 KM Village Raods 2391 Railway stations- (7) Vaibhavwadi, Nandagav, Kankavli, Sindhudurgnagari, Kudal, Sawantwadi, Madura Education Section Prary Schools Zilla Parishad ,Private - 49 Secondary Schools Grantable : 184,Central Govt. : 1,Private : 22 Junior Colleges 43 Senior Colleges 7 D.Ed./ B.Ed Colleges Mical Colleges 2 Engineering Colleges 1 Polytechnic Colleges 1 Industrial Training Institutes (ITI)- (7) 1.Sawntwadi 2.Malvan 3.Deogad 4.Sindhudurgnagari 5.Vengurla 6.Phondaghat 7.Vaibhavwadi Banking Sector Nationalis Banks Cooperative Banks Rural Banks Fisheries Sea Coast Length 66 Branches 106 Branches 15 Branches 121 KM

29 Fishing Area Sq.KM. Main Fisheries Centers - (8) Vijaydurg, Devgad, Achara, Malvan, Sarjekot, Kochara, Vengurla, Shiroda Fisherman Population Total Fish Production M. Tons Fisheries Co.Op. Soc. 34 (Total Members 14216) Industrial Opportunities: district has good horticulture potential and therefore, hort- iculture-bas industries have excellent prospects in the district. Specific industries having good scope for development are fruit canning, fruit processing,fisheries, fish preservation, cold storage, rice mills, starch, fe-stock, paper and hard boards, bakeries, rubber products, sago, processing of spices, paints and varnishes, decorticating of cashew ses,cashew kernel oil, potato ses, fish meal, saw mills, Mangalore tiles, country craft building, coir, palm gur, nira, arecanut powder, refractor- ies, glass slag and tourism.