BULLETIN OF THE ALLYN MUSEUM

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1 BULLETIN OF THE ALLYN MUSEUM Published by THE ALLYN MUSEUM OF ENTOMOLOGY Sarasota, Florida Number 29 5 December 1975 AN ANNOTATED LIST OFTHE HESPERIIDAE OF EL SALVADOR Stephen R. Steinhauser Research Associate, Allyn Museum of Entomology; Apartado Aereo 20433, Cali, Colombia INTRODUCTION Six years ( ) of collecting and studying butterflies in EI Salvador indicated an unexpectedly rich fauna for such a small, densely populated country. Published information on the fauna of EI Salvador is scarce; that of Lepidoptera especially so. In discussions with other local collectors, principally Miguel and Francisco Serrano, we decided to summarize what was known and publish the data as lists of the different families of Rhopalocera; the Serranos to work with the Papilionoidea and I the Hesperioidea. To date this has resulted in the publication of an illustrated and keyed list of the Papilionidae (Serrano & Serrano, 1972) and descriptions of new species of Hesperiidae and Nymphalidae with notes on others (Steinhauser, 1972, 1974). The principal general sources consulted were Godman & Salvin ( ), Draudt (in Seitz, ) and Evans (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955). Godman & Salvin generally mentioned specific localities for the material they studied, but referred to EI Salvador for only one species of Hesperiidae. Draudt gave geographic ranges rather than specific localities and I found no references to EI Salvador. Evans, who carefully recorded type localities and country of origin for all material in the British Museum (Natural History), was the principal source for published records. I did not have access to most of the works of Lindsey, Skinner, Williams and Bell, thus any El Salvador records they may contain unfortunately are not included. Any information on geographic distribution which might be available from Godman and Salvin and from Hoffman's ( ) list ofthe butterflies ofmexico is notincluded as I do not have these publications on hand as this is written. The first published reference to skippers of El Salvador appears to have been by Bailey (1880) with his description of Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri from Loma Larga near San Miguel, which is the only species mentioned from EI Salvador by Godman & Salvin. The next published records are in Evans' catalogue. Volume 1 (1951), Pyrrhopyginae, contains no El Salvador records. Volume 2 (1952) and Volume 3 (1953), Pyrginae, list 46 new records from BMNH material. Franz & Schroder (1954) published a list of the species in a small collection of EI Salvador

2 2 butterflies that included 23 species of Pyrginae, at least one of which is a probable mis-identification, impossible to re-assign. This added 8 new Pyrginae records. They also list 10 species of Hesperiinae of which one is extremely doubtful, leaving 9 new Hesperiinae records. Volume 4 (1955) of Evans' catalogue added 6 more Hesperiinae records. Three Pyrginae were added by Steinhauser (1972) and H Pyrginae and 10 Hesperiinae (1974), bringing the total Hesperiidae record for El Salvador to 91 (66 Pyrginae and 25 Hesperiinae). COMPILATION The sources of the material used are the published references mentioned above plus various collections of El Salvador skippers. Undoubtedly a great wealth of additional material exists in museums and private collections, but the task of assembling even a fraction of this is formidable and remains for the future. All of the determinations except for BMNH material and the Franz & Schroder collection were made by me except as otherwise noted. Any errors are my full responsibility. For each species, immediately following the name, the total numberofexamples known from El Salvador is shown in parentheses. Following this is a statement of approximate geographic range. Unless otherwise noted, this is based on Evans (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955), Draudt ( ) and/or Dos Passos (1964). For species described after 1955, it is obvious that distribution data must come from the publication in which the insect was described and no additional reference to it is made. Observed food plant association is given where possible based on El Salvador observations. Habits, biological notes, systematic notes and various peculiarites are noted if considered of interest. Capture records are listed by months for each locality, brief descriptions of which are given following the list. To note complete data (specific date and collector) would be too voluminous. Material from sources other than the Steinhauser collection are followed by appropriate identifying abbreviations which are listed below. I have reversed the normal procedure for earmarking new records. As 68% of the entries are new records, only previous records are earmarked: ** for Bailey, * for Evans, + for Franz & Schroder and # for Steinhauser. Queried (?) entries are doubtful records not included in the totals. Listed below are the collections which supplied the source material, their identifying abbreviations and comments on contributors: AM - Allyn Museum of Entomology. This refers ony to material on hand prior to accession of the Steinhauser collection. The Hesperiidae had not been arranged when I was in Sarasota and only 4 EI Salvador specimens are included in the list. BMNH - British Museum (Natural History) as determined and catalogued by Evans. B - Bailey (1880). I have included the 12 specimens of unknown sex which comprise the type series of C. fritzgaertneri. Their present location is not known. FS - The collection reported on by Franz & Schroder (1954). Presumably the determinations were by the authors. MS - Miguel and Francisco Serrano; collected mostly by them from1957 to U - University of EI Salvador; collected mostly by Victor Hellebuyck and Francisco Serrano with contributions from various students and a few specimenssalvaged from older collections (Edward Fischer and Rex J. Bartges). VH - Victor Hellebuyck; collected by him. RB - Richard Bosse; collected by him. SLS - Stephen R. and Levona M. Steinhauser. Except for 10 specimens contributed by Victor Hellebuyck, Alberto Muyshondt and T. R. Manley, all were collected by the author and his wife. More than 99% of this collection is now in the Allyn Museum. These initials are used only in the Summary of Material Used; entries not otherwise classified are from the Steinhauser collection.

3 3 SUMMARY OF MATERIAL USED Coll. Pyrrhopyginae UJZ '0 0 ~- t'l ~ " '~ '" Pyrginae Hesperiinae Total t'l t'l t': ~ ~ ~.. " UJZ " '0 UJZ '0 UJZ 'C -g P ib -g 9 if ~ ~ if r> '" r> AM BMNH B FS MS U VH RB SLS Total New Record * * Of this total, 272 remain undetermined: 75~~ of the Urbanus proteus complex; 1(3' Astraptes (?) sp. from the Franz & Schroder list; 52 undetermined specimens, mostly females of the Pyrginae "E" Group in the Steinhauser collection; 1(3' Psoralis (?) sp. (Hesperiinae) SLS; 1(3' Tigasis (?) sp. MS; 2~ Mellana sp. SLS; 140 assorted Hesperiinae of the "J, K, L" Groups (137 SLS, 1 FS, 1 MS, 1 VH). It should be noted that a large portion of the Steinhauser collection was still in papers when these data were compiled, explaining the large amount of undetermined material. PYRRHOPYGINAE Elbella scylla scylla (Menetries, 1855). (1(3' 19). Range Mexico to Nicaragua. Hindwing is narrowly white before fringe, trending toward the subspecies dulcinea (Plotz, 1879). Female perches beneath leaves with wings flat; male not observed. San Salvador 1(3' Mar (MS); La Libertad 1~ Nov. E. patrobas patrobas (Hewitson, 1857). (1(3'). Range Guatemala to Colombia. No data 1(3' (MS). Myscelus amystis hages Godman & Salvin, (2(3' 1~). Range Mexico to Panama. Los Chorros 1(3' Mar (MS), 1(3' Dec (MS); La Libertad 1~ Nov. M. belti Godman & Salvin, (1~). Range Guatemala to Costa Rica. Cerro Boqueron 1~ Oct. PYRGINAE Phocides polybius lilea (Reakirt, 1866). (4(3' 5~.) Range Texas to Costa Rica. Santa Tecla 1~ June, 1(3' July, 1(3' Oct; San Salvador 1~ July (VH), 1~ Aug (MS), 1(3' Nov (MS), 1~ Dec (U); llopango 1~ Feb (VH); Ataco l(3'aug. P. pigmalion belus Godman & Salvin, (9(3' 7~). Evans (1952) shows 6 subspecies, 3 of which apply to Central and South American forms: belus from Mexico, pigmalion (Cramer, 1779) from Guatemala to Venezuela and hewitsonius Mabille, 1883 from Venezuela to Argentina. Belus has very broad forewing hyaline markings, pigmalion very narrow and hewitsonius medium. EI Salvador specimens are quite variable, but mostly approach belus, indicating a rather peculiar geographical

4 4 distribution for the subspecies if it is not indeed a valid species. The entire pigmalion complex needs detailed study and review. Meanwhile El Salvador examples are tenatively placed in belus. Food plant Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae). San Salvador 10 Mar (VH), 10 Oct, 1<;' Nov (VH), 2<;' Dec (1 RB, 1 U); Santa Tecla 10 Jan, 10 1<;' July, 10 1<;' Sept, 10 1<;' Nov; Los Chorros 10 July (MS); Ilopango 1<;' Feb (VH); La Perla 10 Jan; La Libertad 10 Nov. P. urania urania (Westwood, 1852). (270 11<;'). Range USA to EI Salvador. This is apparently a high altitude insect as it has been found in EI Salvador only above 1800 m. Hda. Montecristo 20 Jan (U), 10 1<;' Feb, 210 6<;' Mar (40 VH, 10 MS), 10 May; Cerro Verde 20 4<;' Aug. + Phanus uitreus (Stoll, 1781). (80 10<;'). Range Mexico to Paraguay. Perches with wings semi-closed when feeding on flowers; rests beneath leaves with wings flat. Some males have white scaling at apex of upper forewing. San Salvador 1<;' July (MS), 10 Aug, 1<;' Nov (FS); Santa Tecla 30 3<;' July, 10 2<;' Aug, 2<;' Sept; Cerro Las Pavas 1<;' Aug(MS); Cojutepeque 10 July (MS); Cerro San Jacinto 10 Nov; Tamanique 10 Aug. P. marshallii Kirby, (20)' Range Mexico to Brasil. Rests beneath leaves with wings flat. La Libertad 20 Nov. Udranomia kikkawai (Weeks, 1906). (10). Range Mexico to Brasil. La Libertad 10 Nov. Proteides mercurius mercurius (Fabricius, 1787). (20 2<;'). Range USA to Argentina. San Salvador 10 Nov. (MS); Hda. La Carrera 10 July (VH); Santa Tecla 1<;' Aug; La Libertad 1<;' Nov. Epargyreus socus orizaba Scudder, (30)' Range Mexico to El Salvador. As Monroe & Miller (1967) say, "The species in this group are poorly understood--". All the examples known from El Salvador belong in that part of the exadeus complex without an additional dorsal spine to the clasp, namely socus and exadeus with their various subspecies, nutra and aspina. The great bulk of Salvadorean Epargyreus fit roughly into Evans' cruza with much individual variation. The arrangement (spot in 2 overlapping cell spot) and the orange color of the forewing spots, the genitalia and the character of the under hindwing white spot place these high altitude specimens clearly as orizaba. All 3 specimens collected by V. Hellebuyck. Cerro Cacaguatique 2Q Mar (10 VH); Hda. Montecristo 10 Mar (U). *E. exadeus cruza Evans, ( <;'). These all key out to cruza Evans, but needed revisionary work on the exadeus complex may result in some different determinations. Food plant Leguminosae "madre de cacao". The relative seasonal abundance is more or less reflected in the monthly captures shown below. San Salvador 1<;' no date (RB), 2Q April (1 RB, 1 FS), 60 July (FS), 30 1<;' Aug (FS), 30 Sept (FS), 20 Oct (1<'S), 1<;' Sept (U), 1<;' Nov (U); Santa Tecla 1<;' Jan, 10 1<;' Mar, 1<;' April, 1<;' May, 150 2<;' June, <;' July, 305<;' Aug, 56027<;' Sept, 3<;' Oct, 1<;' Nov, 2<;' Dec; Sta. Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 40 Sept; Cerro San Jacinto 20 1<;' Jan, 10 Dec; Los Chorros 10 Mar (VH), 20 Sept (MS), 1<;' Oct (VH), 10 Nov (VH); Quezaltepeque 10 Feb (U); San Isidro 10 July; Rio El Molino 40 April, 30 May; La Libertad 10 Feb; Hda. Montecristo 20 Mar; no data available 10 (BMNH). *Polygonus leo leo (Gmelin, 1790). (220 14<;'). Range Florida to Argentina. The Dos Passos check list (1964) indicates arizonensis (Shumer. 1911) as the US subspecies. Evans considered arizonensis a synonym of leo. Dos Passos lists pallida j{(iber, 1925 as a synonym of arizonensis, but the type locality of pallida is Peru. Evans considered pallida a synonym of leo. I have followed Evans. The insect frequents shaded undergrowth areas and spends much time resting on tree trunks, beneath leaves and on rocks and overhanging gully banks with wings together. La Libertad 201 <;' Jan, 19 Feb (U), 120 6<;' Nov, 1<;' Dec; La Perla 10 Jan, Dec; Santa Tecla 40 3<;' July; Los Chorros 1<;' Nov (VH); Agua Caliente 10 Feb; No data available Lo (BMNH). P. manueli manueli Bell & Comstock, (10)' Range Florida to Argentina. Santa Tecla, 10 Sept. *Chioides catillus albofasciatus (Hewitson, 1867). (140 1<;'). Range USA to

5 5 Colombia. San Salvador 10' Aug (MS), 10' Dec (MS); San Miguel 10' June (U); Los Chorros 20' 1 ~ Dec (10' U); Santa Tecla 10' April; San Isidro 20' Jan, 20' Dec; La Perla 10' Dec; Ilopango 10' Jan; Rio EI Molino 10' May; No data available 10' (BMNH). C. zilpa zilpa (Butler, 1874). (120' 3~). Range Mexico (Guerrero) to Ecuador. Evans (1952) indicates namba Evans, 1952 as a subspecies from N. Sonora and Arizona. Dos Passos (1964) shows zilpa as a USA occurrence, but does not list namba as a synonym, apparently having overlooked this name. San Salvador 10' Sept (MS); Ilopango 10' July; Cerro San Jacinto 1~ Jan; Los Chorros 10' Feb, 10' April (U), 10' June (MS); Santa Tecla 1~ June, 50' July, 10' Aug, 1~ Sept; Rio EI Molino 10' April. *Aguna asander asander (Hewitson, 1867). (190' 29~). Range USA to Argentina. Santa Ana 1~ Aug (MS); Hda. La Carrera 1~ July (VH); Cerro Verde 20' 2~ June, 10' 8~ Aug (1~ VH); San Isidro 20' Mar, 10' July; Rio EI Molino 10' April, 10' May; Santa Tecla 2Q' 7~ July, 1~ Aug, 10' Sept, 1~ Oct; La Libertad 1~ Nov; Tamanique 10' 1~ April, 40' 2~ Nov, 20' 2~ Dec; Hda. Montecristo 2~ Mar; no data available 10' (BMNH). A. aurunce (Hewitson, 1867). (30' 1~). Range Guatemala to Brasil. Ssnta Tecla 20' July; Sta. Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 1~ Aug; La Libertad 10' Feb. A. metophis (Latreille, 1824). (30'). Range Mexico to Brasil. Presa El Guayabo 10' Jan; La Libertad 10' Feb; Agua Caliente 10' Feb. *Typhedanus undulatus (Hewitson, 1867). (50' 3~). Range USA to Argentina. San Salvador 1~ Jan (MS), 10' July (FS); Ilopango 20' Jan; Santa Tecla 10' Jan, 1~ July; Rio El Molino 10' April; no data available 1~ (BMNH). Polythrix octomaculata octomaculata (Sepp, 1848). (20' 8~). Range USA (Freeman, 1967) to Argentina. Godman & Salvin (1893) described Eudamas alciphron from a female from Guerrero, Mexico. Only the type is in the British Museum (Natural History). In El Salvador females of both alciphron (broad white area on hind wing beneath) and octomaculata (no white area) are found together along with some with more or less white dusting. The males are of octomaculata form and I have decided that alciphron merely represents an extreme in the normal variation of intensity of white scaling in the female rather than a separate subspecific or specific entity. A male and a female, apparently siblings, were found as larvae by A. Muyshondt on a single branch of Toluifera perreirae at El Balsamar on the coast west of La Libertad and were raised by the author. Both are the dark octomaculata form. San Salvador 1~ (octomaculata) Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 10' (octomaculata) 2~ (alciphron) July, 3~ (1 octomaculata, 2 alciphron) Aug, 1~ (alciphron) Sept; EI Balsamar 10' (octomaculata) 30 Oct, 1~ (octomaculata) 2 Nov (Ex larvae siblings). P. asine (Hewitson, 1867). (610' 69~). Range Mexico to Peru. Always perches with wings flat. San Salvador 1~ Sept (U), 10' Oct (VH), 1~ no date (RB); Cerro San Jacinto 20' Jan, 10' Nov, 30' 1~ Dec; Santa Tecla 1~ Jan, 20' 3~ June, 260' 31~ July, 1l0' 14~ Aug, 80' 12~ Sept, 10' 1~ Oct, 1~ Nov, 10' Dec; La Libertad 1~ Feb; San Isidro 20' Jan; Cerro Verde 1~ Aug (MS), 1~ Dec; Los Chorros 10' Dec; Ilopango 10' Jan; Rio El Molino 10' May. P. caunus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1869). (1~). Range Mexico to Paraguay. Determined by H. A. Freeman, May, La Libertad 1~ Nov. Chrysoplectrum perniciosus epicincia (Butler & Druce, 1872). (1 ~). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. The one female was hiding beneath a leaf. La Libertad 1~ Nov. #Zestusa stawj.ingeri staudingeri (Mabille, 1888). (720' 1~). Range Guatemala to El Salvador. Hda. Montecristo 50' Feb, 670' 1~ Mar (10' U). #Z. levona Steinhauser, (160' 1~). Range Mexico to El Salvador (Steinhauser, 1974). Hda. Montecristo 20' Feb, 140' 1~ Mar. Codatractus carlos carlos Evans, (60' 2~). Range Mexico to Peru. Cerro San Jacinto 1~ Dec; Santa Tecla 10' June, 20' July; Tamanique 1~ July; Ilopango 10' Jan; La Perla 10' Jan; Los Chorros 10' Feb (VH). C. alcaeus alcaeus (Hewitson, 1867). (20' 12~). Range USA to Costa Rica. San Salvador 1~ July (U); Santa Tecla 1~ June, 10' 5~ July; Tamanique 2~ July, 1~ Aug; Rio El Molino 10' April; Los Chorros 1~ June (MS), 1~ July (MS).

6 6 C. bryaxis bryaxis (Hewitson, 1867). (230' 9<;J). Range Mexico (Vera Cruz) to Honduras. Los Chorros 10' Mar (D), 10' June (VH), 1<;J July (MS); Santa Tecla 10' Feb, 90' 2<;JJuly, 10' Aug,lO'Sept. 10' Oct; San Isidro 10' Jan; Sta. Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 10' Aug; Tamanique 30' 3<;J July, 30' 2<;J Aug; Rda. Montecristo 1<;J Mar. C. hyster (Dyar, 1916). (10' 1<;J). Range Mexico (D. F., Acapulco, Guerrero) to El Salvador. This represents a considerable southern extension of the previously known range. Santa Tecla 1<;J May, 10' July. - #Ridens crison howarthi Steinhauser, (1920' 57<;J). Range - Cerro Miramundo Cloud Forest, El Salvador m. Distribution in various collections not indicated below was reported by Steinhauser (1974). Hda. Montecristo 190' 4<;J Jan, 940' 8<;J Feb (40' D), 530' 27<;J Mar (1<;J D, 10'3<;J VR, 10' 3<;J MS, 20' 1<;J AM), 3<;J April, 80' 5<;J May, 70' 4<;J Nov, 110' 6<;J Dec. #R. toddi Steinhauser, (100' 5<;J). Range - Cerro Miramundo Cloud Forest, El Salvador, m. Distribution in collections not indicated below was reported by Steinhauser (1974). One <;J from the SLS collection was taken by T. R. Manley. Hda. Montecristo 30' Jan, 20' Feb, 50' 3<;J Mar (1<;J D), 2<;J May. (?)R. fulminans (Herrich-Schiiffer, 1869). (10'). Range Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. According to Franz & Schroder (1954) one male of Thymele fulminans Herrich-Schaffer, 1869 was taken in San Salvador 23-IX. Some other obvious misidentifications in that publication make this one doubtful. I suspect that it may actually be an Astraptes species, perhaps egregius Butler, known to occur in El Salvador and superficially similar. I have mentioned it here but do not include it as an El Salvador record. Urbanus proteus complex (75<;J). I use the term "complex" with double meaning to include all the green-blue bodied forms of Urbanus. The complex can be further subdivided into two groups: those with the inner hindwing central band either continuous or, ifofseparated spots, with the cell spot larger(proteus gp.), and those with the band consisting of small, sub-equal, well separated spots (esmeraldus gp.). (u. acawois Williams, 1926 forms a separate third group, but has not been found in El Salvador). Even this breakdown leaves many individuals, especially females, in an uncertain position. The males can be fairly well identified by genitalia, but even here there is much variation and detailed studies of long series are needed to determine if this is merely variation or bears some taxonomic significance. The females are another problem. Some can be readily identified from characteristic wing markings: proteus (in part), viterboana (without tyring to separate alva) and pronta. For the rest, much work remains to be done. Below is a capture breakdown of 75 undetermined females. San Salvador 1<;J Sept (U); Santa Tecla 2<;J June, 20<;J July, 9<;J Aug, 27<;J Sept; La Perla 1<;J Jan; San Isidro 1<;J July, 1<;J Dec; RioEl Molino 1<;J May; Cerro Verde 5<;J June, 1<;J Aug; Los Chorros 1<;J Sept; La Libertad 2<;J Sept, 2<;J Nov; Tamanique l<;j Dec. +U. proteus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758). (350' 36<;J). Range DSA to Argentina. The females are difficult to separate from females of U. pronus. The characteristics by which Evans separates the proteus group from the esmeraldus group are not always clear cut. Some unidentified females may be proteus but I doubt ifany I have determined as proteus are incorrectly placed. San Salvador 10' 3<;J July (FS), 10' 1<;J Sept (D); Santa Tecla 10' 1<;J Mar (10' MS), 20' 3<;J June, 150' 17<;J July, 50' 4<;J Aug, 20' 3<;J Sept, 10' Oct, 2<;J Dec; Vol. Conchagua 10' Aug (MS); Sensuntepeque 1<;J July (MS); Apastepeque 10' July (FS); La Libertad 10' April; San Isidro 10' Dec; Cerro Verde 10' June, 1<;J Aug; Cerro San Jacinto 10' Jan; Ilopango 10' Jan. U. viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907). (40' 1<;J). Evans indicates 3 "subspecies" of viterboana: alva Evans, 1952 ranging from Mexico to Argentina, viterboana ranging from Mexico to Bolivia and belli Hayward, 1935 ranging from Bolivia to Argentina. It is clear that at least viterboana and alva are separate species, with slight but consistent differences in color, maculation and genitalia. In order to separate them with any degree of certainty, the genitalia (male and female) must be examined, and long series of spread material compared. As the major part ofthe material I worked with was still in papers, this was difficult. The material from the

7 7 Miramundo Cloud Forest (Hda. Montecristo) is clearly viterboana, but much ofthe rest is doubtful. Therefore I have listed only the cloud forest material as viterboana and the rest as alva, though I am sure that the alva listing contains numerous specimens of viterboana. Hda. Montercristo 35 Mar, 15 1~ May. * U. alva Evans, ( ~). See note under U. viterboana. Los Chorros 15 Oct (VH); Cerro Las Pavas 15 July (MS); Vol. Conchagua 15 Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 15 Jan, 1~ Feb, 1~ Mar, 15 5~ June, 19518~ July, ~ Aug, ~ Sept, 25 3~ Dec; La Libertad 25 Nov; San Isidro 15 Jan; Cerro Verde 1~ June, 15 2~ Aug, 1~ Dec; Tamanique 1~ Nov, 15 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 45 Jan; La Perla 25 Jan; Ilopango 15 1~ Jan; no data available 1~ (BMNH). U. pronta Evans, (135 23~). Range Mexico to Paraguay. These are easily distinguished by the underside hindwing markings (broken discal stripe) and genitalia. Santa Tecla 1~ May, 2~ June, 35 9~July, 354~Aug, 453~ Sept, 15 3~ Oct; Los Chorros 1~ June, 15 Oct; Ilopango 15 Jan. U. pronus Evans, (95 6~). Range Mexico to Bolivia. The females are difficult to separate from other females oftheproteus complex except in areas where a limited number of forms occur as in the Miramundo cloud forest. Thus the only females I have positively determined are from Miramundo. Santa Tecla 15 Sept; Cerro Verde 25 Aug; Majaditas 15 Feb; Hda. Montecristo 1~ Feb, 55 3~ Mar (15 U), 2~ April. U. esmeraldus (Butler 1877). (655). Range Mexico to Paraguay. According to Evans, esmeraldus always has hyaline markings in spaces 4 & 5 of the forewing. The majority of El Salvador specimens, clearly determined from the male genitalia, have no such markings. The form of the clasp of the male genitalia as sketched by Evans is quite different from the Godman & Salvin drawing. The majority of the El Salvador specimens are very close to Evans' figure with normal individual variation. Four specimens, however, agree with the G & S figure and there are no intermediate forms. This suggests that "esmeraldus" consists of at least two separate species. I have been unable to separate the females from others of the esmeraldus group, thus no females are shown in the capture data below. San Salvador 15 Nov (MS); Santa Tecla 25 June, 165July (one with G & S type genitalia), 105 Aug, 155 Sept (one with G & S type genitalia), 15 Oct, 35 Nov, 15 Dec; La Libertad 15 June; San Isidro 15 July; Cerro Verde 15 Aug; Cerro San Jacinto 25 Jan,25 Nov, 65 Dec; Ilopango 35 Jan (2 with G & S type genitalia). U. evona Evans, (125). Range Mexico to Brasil. As with the rest of the esmeraldus group I have been unable to identify females with any surety and they are all lumped in the unidentified category. Vol. Conchagua 15 Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 35 July, 15 Aug, 15 Sept,15 Dec; San Isidro 15 Jan, 15 July; Sta Tecla Comasagua Rd. 15 Aug, 15 Sept; Hda. Montecristo 15 Mar. U. esta Evans, (45). Range Mexico to Argentina. Again no females could be positively identified. La Libertad 15 Oct; Santa Tecla 15 Jan, 25 July. * U. dorantes dorantes (Stoll, 1790.) (665 39~). Range USA to Argentina. Often found in great numbers beneath well shaded rock overhangs or along steep creek banks where rocks or tree roots provide cave-like shaded areas. This is the most common Urbanus species in El Salvador. San Salvador 15 June (FS), 15 1~ July (FS), 15 Sept (FS), 15 Oct (MS), 15 no date (RB); Los Chorros 1~ Mar (VH) 15 Sept; Sensuntepeque 25 July (MS); Cerro San Jacinto 1~ Jan, 15 April (U); Santa Tecla 15 Jan, 15 Mar, 85 6~ June, ~ July, 75 3~ Aug, 35 2~ Sept, 1~ Nov, 15 Dec; La Libertad 15 1~ Feb, 15 Aug, 1~ Oct, 15 Nov, 1~ Dec; San Isidro 15 Jan, 15 April; Cerro Verde 3~ June, 25 Aug, 15 Dec; La Perla 1~ Jan; Ilopango 1~ Jan; Agua Caliente 1~ Feb; Rio El Molino 25 May; no data available 15 (BMNH). +u. teleus (Hubner, 1821). (265 22~). Range USA to Argentina. Franz & Schroder report 2 specimens of U. eurycles (Latreille, 1723 (sic!)) and one U. eurycles latipennis (Mabille & Vuillot, 1891). Both these names are treated by Evans (1952) and Dos Passos (1964) as synonyms of teleus. San Salvador 1~ July (FS), 1~ Aug (FS), 1~ Sept (MS), 1~ Oct (FS); Sensuntepeque 15 July (MS); Los Chorros 1~ June (MS); Santa Tecla 15 Jan, 1~ Mar, 45 3~ June, 75 8~ July, 25 1~ Aug,

8 8 98 3~ Sept, 1~ Oct; La Libertad 18 Feb; Cerro Boqueron 18 Dec. * U. tanna Evans, (218 15~). Range USA to Ecuador. San Salvador 18 Sept(U), 1~ Nov (U); Ilopango 18 Feb (VH); Cerro San Jacinto 18Dec; Santa Tecla 1~ Mar, 18 1~ April, 28 5~ June, 88 4~ July, 18 1~ Aug, 48 Sept; Los Chorros 18 April (MS); La Libertad 1~ Aug; Presa EI Guayabo 18 Jan; no data available 1~ (BMNH). *u. simplicius (Stoll, 1790). (238 ll~). Range USA to Argentina. Franz & Schroder (1954) list 18 & 1~ of U. gracilicauda (Plotz, 1880 (sic!» which Evans (1952) and Dos Passos (1964) treat as a synonym of simplicius. San Salvador 18 June (FS), 2~ Aug (1 FS, 1 VH), 18 1~ no date (RB); Vol. Conchagua 18 Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 1~ Jan, 18 June, 48 2~ July, 18 1~ Aug, 48 3~ Sept; La Libertad 18 Aug; San Isidro 18 Mar, 18 July, 1~ Oct; Tamanique 18 Nov; Cerro San Jacinto 18 May; Ilopango 26' Jan; Presa EI Guayabo 18 Jan; Meanguera 18 April; no data available 18 (BMNH). U. procne (PlOtz, 1880). (508 17~). Range USA to Argentina. San Salvador 18 Sept (U); Apopa 18 Oct (MS); Santa Tecla 36' 4~ Jan, 48 Mar, 28 2~ June, 278 8~ July, 18 Aug, 78 2~ Sept, 1~ Dec; La Libertad 28 Feb; La Perla 18 Oct; Rio EI Molino 18 Arpil. U. doryssus doryssus Swainson, (138 4~). Range USA to Brasil. San Salvador 1~ Oct (MS); Ilopango 18 Feb (VH); Los Chorros 18 1~ Mar (VH); La Libertad 28 Feb (1 U), 38 1~ Nov, 48 Dec; San Isidro 18 Sept; Cerro San Jacinto 1~ Jan; La Perla 18 Dec. U. albimargo albimargo (Mabille, 1875). (158). Range Mexico to Ecuador. Santa Tecla 18 Sept; La Libertad 28 Feb, 18 June, 38 Aug, 88 Nov. Astraptes talus (Cramer, 1777). (78 2~). Range Mexico to Brasil and Antilles. Santa Tecla 18 1~ July; La Libertad 18 Nov; La Perla 28 Jan, 1~ Oct, 38 Dec. A. fulgerator azul (Reakirt, 1866). (578 46~). Range USA to Bolivia. The fulgerator. fulgor Hayward, 1938 complex of Astraptes which includes azul, catemacoensis Freeman, 1967 and perhaps some others as yet undescribed, is, like the Epargyreus exadeus complex, in need of revision. The variation in color, size, wing shape, maculation and genitalia of the below-listed EI Salvador material is considerable. I have lumped them all together until such time as greater clarity is established. San Salvador 1~ April (RB), 1~ June (MS), 1~ nodate(ms); Los Chorros 18 April, 18 July (MS), 18 Nov (VH); Santa Tecla 18 2~ June, ~ July, 78 3~ Aug, 38 1~ Sept, 18 1~ Oct; La Libertad 1~ Jan, 18 1~ Feb, 18 April, 2~ June, 18 Nov, 48 2~ Dec; San Isidro 18 Jan, 1~ Feb, 1~ April, 18 Aug, 18 Oct; Cerro Verde 2~ Aug (1 VH); Tamanique 18 1~ Aug; Cerro San Jacinto 18 Nov (VH), 18 Dec; La Perla 18 Jan; Ilopango 18 Jan; Hda. Montecristo 38 2~ Mar (18 1~ U). A. egregius egregius (Butler, 1870). (18 2~). Range Mexico to Brasil. San Salvador l~ Oct (MS); Los Chorros l~ Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 18 July. A. enotrus (Stroll, 1781). (18 1~). Range Mexico to Paraguay. Ilopango 18 Feb (VH); San Isidro 1~ Jan. A. samson Evans, (18). Range EI Salvador to Brasil. San Salvador 18 Aug (MS). A. megalurus (Mabille, 1877). (28 2~). Range Mexico to Colombia. Los Chorros l~ July (MS); Cerro Verde 18 June; Hda. Montecristo 18 W Mar. *A. alardus latia Evans, (58 9~). Range Mexico to Colombia. Evans gives male forewing length as 30mm. which agrees with EI Salvador males; females are generally 33-35mm. but one taken in December, measures only 26mm. HEI Salvador" 1~ no date (MS); Cerro Las Pavas 18 July (MS); Los Chorros 1~ Oct (VH); Santa Tecla 38 4~ July, 1~ Sept; Cerro San Jacinto 1~ Dec; Ataco 1~ Aug; no data available 18 (BMNH). A. alector (Felder, 1866). (1~). Range EI Salvador to Colombia. A single female from the Miramundo cloud forest (2300 m.) is very close to the single female of #ilberti which was taken at sea level along the coast. It differs from gilberti in having much more extensive white both above and beneath and in the ostium bursae which is much less deeply cleft than in gilberti. The extent and clarity of the

9 9 upper forewing white patch is much less than in the Seitz illustration of alector. This may well be a new subspecies of either alector or gilberti or perhaps a median form in a clinal variation between the two. On the other hand, the presence of both foid1s in El Salvador, albeit in completely different environments, may indicate a form variation based on environmental factors rather than genetically controlled. No firm decision can be made based on such scant material. Hda. Montecristo 1~ Mar. A. gilberti Freeman, 1969 (1~). Range USA to El Salvador. Evans indicates hopfferi (Plotz, 1882) as a subspecies of alector. Freeman (1969) in describing gilberti from San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas, Mexico and Hidalgo Co., Texas separates alector and hopfferi as distinct species, a decision with which I concur. Evans does not illustrate separately the male genitalia of hopfferi and alector and since the British Museum had but one male of alector but 33 ofhopfferi, the genitalia illustrated are presumably hopfferi. I don't know whether Freeman had any examples of alector to actually compare the genitalia or whether he compared with actual examples of hopfferi and assumed Evans' sketch to be alector (which it may be). In order to be sure that gilberti is a valid species rather than a subspecies of alector, these comparisons and similar comparisons of female genitalia should be made. Pending such action I will follow Freeman and consider this a valid species. The one female from El Salvador is tentatively placed here because it fits quite closely to Freeman's description and the genitalia are somewhat different from the single female I have determined tentatively as alector. La Perla 1~ Jan. A. creteus crana Evans, (2(\' 4~). Range Chiapas, Mexico (Freeman, 1967) to Panama. Freeman (1967) separates A. escalantei Freeman, 1967 from A. creteus siges Mabille, 1903 on the basis of slight differences in wing shape and male genitalia and the absence of green iridescense on the under forewing basal costa in escalantei which he states is present in siges though Evans states that there are rarely traces of green iridescence. Freeman separates escalantei from crana Evans, 1952 (which he has raised to specific rank) on the basis of white along the under forewing costa in crana whereas in escalantei the costa is entirely brown. Both escalantei and crana fly together in Chiapas but siges is known onlyirom Brasil, Paraguay and Argentina. The female of escalantei is unknown. The females from El Salvador that I have determined as crana are quite clearly so, with prominent white costa of the under forewing. The two males are not so clear. One, a badly battered specimen, has but a very few scattered white scales along its otherwise brown costa and the other, though more plentifully white still does not approach the whiteness of the females. I had originally determined the battered male as escalantei until I caught the second male. I now consider them all to be crana and the validity of escalantei as more than a variation of crana is questionable. Cerro Verde 1~ April (VH), I(\' 1~ June, I(\' 1~ Aug; Tamanique 1~ Nov. *A. anaphus annetta Evans, (45(\' 50~). Range USA to Bolivia. San Salvador I(\' June (MS), 1~ Aug (MS), 1~ Sept (U), 1~ Oct (MS); Shalpa 1~ July (MS); Ilopango I(\' Jan, I(\' W Feb (VH); Santa Tecla I(\' 1~ Feb, 2Q' 1~ June, 8(\' 13~ July, 2(\' 3~ Aug, 3(\' 6~ Sept, 2~ Oct, 1~ Dec; La Libertad 3(\' Nov; San Isidro I(\' Oct; Cerro Verde 4(\' 1~ Aug (I(\' VH) Tamanique 1~ Oct; Cerro San Jacinto I(\' 3~ Dec; Cerro Boqueron 1~ Nov, I(\' Dec; Hda. Montecristo 150' 12~ Mar (I(\' 1~ U, W MS, 1~ VH); no data available I(\' (BMNH). *Autochton cellus mexicana (Draudt, 1922). (20(\' 1~). Evans (1952) shows range of cellus as USA and Mexico and classes mexicana as a synonym as does Dos Passos (1964). Draudt (in Seitz, 1922) credits cellus as "widespread in North and Central America" and describes mexicana as "form. nov." from Mexico. Until I can learn more of the relative geographical distribution of cellus and mexicana I tentatively resurrect mexicana Draudt as a valid subspecies. The Miramundo specimens, however, do not fit Draudt's description, as the apical spots are prominent and I suspect this will eventually prove to be a separate subspecies or even species. Hda. Montecristo (extending down to Los Planes at about 1900 m.) 5(\' April, 15(\' 1~ May (l(\'ms, 2(\'U).

10 10 + A. cincta (Plotz, 1882). (43 1«). Range Mexico to El Salvador. Los Planes Miramundo area m. 13 Mar, 23 April, 1«Aug (FS), 13 Nov. A. uectilucis (Butler, 1874). ( «). Range Mexico to Panama. In El Salvador uectilucis is limited to high altitudes, ie. above 1500 m. Cerro Verde 13 Mar, 23 3«June, 933«Aug, 13 Nov (MS), 1032«Dec (1«VH): Miramundo area m. 43 Dec; Hda. Montecristo 163 Jan, 2132«Feb; 233 3«Mar (1«U, 13 MS, 13 VH), 23 Oct (U), 1331«Nov, 1732«Dec. *A. neis (Geyer, 1832). (423 13«). Range Mexico to Paraguay. San Salvador 13 Aug (MS); nopango 43 Jan, 13 Mar (MS); Tecomatepec W Dec (U); Los Chorros 13 Mar (VH), 13 April, 23 June, 13 Aug (MS), 13 Sept, 23 Oct; Santa Tecla W Jan, 13 July, 1«Aug, 2«Sept, 1«Oct; La Libertad 13 June, 13 Nov; San Isidro 23 Jan, 13 April, 23 July, 2«Aug, 13 Sept, 13 1«Oct, 1«Dec; Tamanique 33 July, 13 Oct, 63 Nov, 13 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 23 Jan, 2«Dec; Sta Tecla-Comasaqua Rd. 1«Aug, 13 Sept; Majaditas 33 Feb; no data available 13 (BMNH). *A. zarex (Hubner, 1818). (393 5«). Range Mexico to Argentina. San Salvador 13 May (FS as A. aunus (Fabricius, 1781», 13 July (MS), 13 Dec (MS); Cerro San Jacinto 113 Jan, 33 Nov (2 VH), 33 Dec; Santa Tecla 2«Sept, 1«Oct; La Libertad 73 Nov, 13 Dec; San Isidro 13 July, 13 Aug; Los Chorros 13 Oct; 13 Dec; La Perla 23 Dec; Ilopango 131«Jan; Rio El Molino 13 May; no data available 33 1«(BMNH). IIAchalarus casica (Herrich-Schiiffer, 1869). (23 1«). Range USA to El Salvador. Los Chorros 1«June (MS), 13 July (MS); Rio El Molino 13 April. *A. albociliatus albociliatus (Mabille, 1877). (183 7«1 sex not determined). Range USA to Costa Rica. San Salvador 1 sex undertermined April (U), 1«Sept (VH), 13 Dec (MS); Vol. Conchagua 13 July (VH); Los Chorros 23 April, 1«July (MS), 13 Dec; Santa Tecla 43 2«July, 13 Aug, 13 Sept; La Libertad 13 Feb, 1«Oct; San Isidro 13 Jan, 13 April; Tamanique 13 1«Nov; Cerro San Jacinto 1«Jan; 13 May; Ilopango 13 Jan; no data available 13 (BMNH). +A. toxeus (Plotz, 1882). (1M 6«). Range USA to Panama. San Salvador 1«Aug (FS), 13 Oct (U), 13 no date (RB); La Libertad za 4«Jan, 731«Feb, 23 Nov, 13 Dec; Tamanique 13 Oct. *Cabares potrillo potrillo (Lucas, 1857). (213 6«). Range USA to Costa Rica and Antilles. Metapan 1«Mar (U); Tecomatepec 13 Dec (U); La Libertad 23 Aug (MS), 23 Nov, 13 Dec; Santa Tecla 1«Jan, 1«July, 13 Sept, 1«Dec; San Isidro 13 Jan, 13 Aug, 13 Sept, 13 Oct; Cerro San Jacinto 33 W Jan; Majaditas 1«Feb; La Perla 13 Jan, 13 Oct, 13 Dec; Rio El Molino 13 May; Barrios 23 April; no data available 13 (BMNH). Bungalotis astylos (Cramer, 1780). (2«). Range El Salvador to Brasil. Both specimens were taken at the University; one trapped in a classroom. San Salvador 2«Feb (U). B. quadratum quadratum (Sepp, 1848). (1«). Range El Salvador to Surinam. Santa Tecla 1«June. +Nascus phocus (Cramer, 1777). (2«). Range Guatemala to Paraguay. San Salvador 1«Aug (FS), 1«Nov (U). N. paulliniae (Sepp, 1848). (13 1«). Range Guatemala to Brasil. San Salvador 1«Feb, 13 Sept (MS). Ocyba calathana calanus (Godman & Salvin, 1894). (73 W). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. San Salvador 13 Sept (MS); Cerro San Jacinto 13 Nov (VH), 131«Dec (l3 U); Los Chorros 13 Sept (VH); nopango 23 Feb (VH); Presa El Guayabo 13 Jan. **Celaenorrhinus {ritzgaertneri (Bailey, 1880). (343 23«12 sex not known type seri es). Range Mexico to Costa Rica; type locality Lorna Larga near San Miguel, El Salvador. Evans (1952) lists uariegatus Godman & Salvin, 1894 as a subspecies of {ritzgaertneri but suggests that it may be a seasonal variation as both have the same geographic range. It appears to be a dimorphism independent of season. In any event, uariegatus cannot be accepted as a subspecies. The males, and to a lesser extent the females, often congregate in great numbers in deep shade beneath rock overhangs and in shallow caves; the type series, in fact, was captured by Dr. Fritz-

11 11 gaertner from 80 feet within the Lorna Larga silver mine (Bailey, 1880). They do not roost in close groups, however, as does Smyrna karwinskii Geyer, 1833 (Muyshondt, 1974). San Salvador 18 1<;' Feb, 181<;' May (FS), 1<;' June (MS), 1<;J Aug (MS), 18 Dec; Tecomatepec 28 1<;' Dec (U); Los Chorros 28 2<;' Mar (VH), 18 Oct (VH); Santa Tecla 3<;' Jan, 1<;' April, 18 2<;' July, 28 Sept, 28 Nov; La Libertad 18 June, 148 5<;' Nov, 18 2<;' Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 28 Noy, 283<;' Dec; Barrios 18 April. C. eligius (Stoll, 1782). (58 1<;'). Range according to Seitz from Mexico to South America; Evans records examples from Costa Rica to Peru. In EI Salvador it is much scarcer than C. fritzgaertneri but flies with it and has similar habits. Los Chorros 18 Feb (VH); La Libertad 1<;' Feb (U), 28 Nov, 18 Dec; La Perla 18 Jan. *Spathilepia clonius (Cramer, 1775). (388 19<;'). Range USA to Argentina. San Salvador 10 no date (RB), 10 Sept (FS); Tecomatepec 18 Dec (U); Los Charras 30 April, 10 1<;' June (MS); Santa Tecla 1<;' Jan, 1<;' April 18 3<;' June, 202<;' July, 102<;' Aug, 78 6<;' Sept, 1<;' Oct, 1<;' Dec; La Libertad 28 Nov, 18 Dec; Tamanique 18 Oct, 20 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 70 1<;' Jan, 10 Dec; Cerro Boqueron 10 Dec; Ilopango 10 Jan; Rio EI Molino 30 May; no data available 10 (BMNH). *Cogia cajeta eluina Godman & Salvin, (200 4<;'). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. San Salvador 1<;' Sept (MS); La Libertad 10 Feb, 10 April, 201<;' June, 1<;' July (MS); 40 Aug, 40 1<;' Nov, 20 Dec; La Perla 10 Oct; Rio EI Molino 18 April, 10 May; Meanguera 20 April; no data available 10 (BMNH). C. hippalus hiska Evans, (40)' Range Mexico to Costa Rica. San Salvador 10 July (MS); Rio EI Molino 10 April, 20 May. *C. calchas (Herrich-Schaffer, 1869). (240 31<;'). Range USA to Argentina. San Salvador 1<;' Jan (MS), 10 1<;' June (10 MS, 1<;' FS), 10 Aug (FS); Comasagua 1<;' Aug (MS); Ayagualo 1<;' Mar (MS); Santa Tecla 5<;' Jan, 1<;' May, 20 2<;' June, 204<;' July, 18 Aug, 3<;' Sept, 3<;' Oct, 2<;' Dec; La Libertad 1<;' Feb, 1<;' Aug, 2<;' Nov; San Isidro 20 Jan, 10 Mar, 18 Aug; Los Chorros 10 April, 30 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 2<;' Jan; Sta Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 10 Aug; Ilopango 20 Jan; Rio EI Molino 30 April; Citala 20 Feb, 10 May, no data available 1<;' (BMNH). Telemiades megallus Mabille, (18). Range Mexico to Honduras. Evans considered megallus a subspecies of epicalus Hubner, 1819 which ranges from Chiriqui (Western Panama) to Brasil. The only megallus in the British Museum were 10 3<;' from Mexico and 1<;' from Honduras. The type (<;') is from W. Colombia. Draudt in Seitz p.869 shows Panama as the locale. The overlap in geographical distribution between epicalus and megallus plus the considerable difference in male genitalia lead me to consider them separate species. The sole male (Mexico) in the British Museum has no white on the underside hindwing nor does the one specimen (0) from EI Salvador. It may be that there is a northern subspecies without white in the male, but the material on hand is too scant to be sure. Cerro San Jacinto 18 Dec (VH). T. amphion fides Bell, (118 4<;'). Range Mexico to Ecuador. San Salvador 10 July (MS); Santa Tecla 1<;' Aug, 10 1<;' Sept; La Libertad 10 Oct, 20 Nov; San Isidro 10 Sept, 28 Oct; Cerro San Jacinto 1<;' Jan, 10 Nov; La Perla 18 Oct; Ilopango 10 1<;' Jan. Arteurotia tractipennis tractipennis Butler & Druce, (170 6<;'). Range Mexico to Bolivia. Food plant in EI Salvador is Croton niveus. Pupa is equipped with peculiar tufted hairs on the head. Comasagua 10 Oct (VH); Los Chorros 10 no date (MS), 18 Aug (MS), 10 Sept (VH). 10 Dec; Cerro Verde 18 Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 10 Jan, 1<;J Feb, 60 2<;' July, 102<;' Aug, 10 1<;' Sept; Tamanique 10 Dec; Cerro Boqueron 10 Dec. Polyctor cleta Evans, (4706<;'). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. Evans (1953) shows 3 subspecies: polyctor (Prittwitz, 1868), cleta and dagua Evans, 1953, and states that the genitalia of polyctor and dagua are identical, but differ from cleta. I have separated cleta therefore as a distinct species. It is possible that some of the less carefully examined EI Salvador material may prove to be polyctor. Los Chorros 10 July (MS); La Libertad 40 3<;' Feb, 10 Aug, 230 1<;' Nov, 170 1<;' Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 1<;' Dec; La Perla 18 Jan.

12 12 Nisoniades bessus godma Evans, (416 9~). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. Because of considerable differences in genitalia, the 9 subsepecies listed by Evans (1953) probably should be treated as valid separate species. San Salvador 16 June (MS), 16 Aug (MS), 16 Nov; La Libertad 16 Jan, 66 2~ Feb, 196 5~ Nov, 66 1~ Dec; La Perla 16 Dec; Los Chorros 16 1~ Sept, 16 Oct, 16 Dec; Rio El Molino 26 April. +N. rubescens (Moschler, 1876). (676 29~). Range USA to Brasil. Reported by Franz & Schroder as Pellicia bromias (Godman & Salvin, 1894). A male from La Libf;lrtad (26.xii.70) has aberrant genitalia and may be a new species but is included pending the discovery of more like it. San Salvador 1~ Sept (FS); Santa Tecla 26 7~ Jan, 1~ Feb, 1~ May, 16 June, 3~ July, 2~ Aug, 36 Sept, 1~ Nov, 16 6~ Dec; La Libertad 16 Feb, 486 3~ Nov, 106 Dec; San Isidro 1~ Dec; Cerro Verde 1~ June; Cerro San Jacinto 2~ Jan; Metapan 16 Dec. *N. ephora (Herrich-Schaffer, 1870). (606 17~). Range Mexico to Peru. Los Chorros 26 Feb (1 MS), 26 April, 16 Sept, 36 Oct (1 U), 166 Dec; Santa Tecla 26 2~ Jan, 2~ June, 2~ Sept, 16 1~ Dec; La Libertad 146 1~ Nov; San Isidro 16 Jan; Cerro Verde 2~ June, 1~ Aug; Tamanique 26 July, 26 Oct, 16 1~ Nov; Cerro San Jacinto 46 3~ Jan, 1~ Nov, 36 1~ Dec; Cerro Boqueron 16 Dec; Ilopango 36 Jan; Rio El Molino 16 May; no data available 16 (BMNH). Pachyneuria licisca licisca (Plotz, 1882). (86 3~). Range Mexico to Colombia & Venezuela. Santa Tecla 16 June; La Libertad 16 June, 36 2~ Nov; San Isidro 1~ Dec; Los Chorros 26 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 16 Jan. Pellicia costimacula arina Evans, (136 2~). Range Mexico to Panama. La Libertad 26 1~ Feb, 76 1~ Nov, 36 Dec; Los Chorros 16 June. *P. dimidiata dimidiata Herrich-Schiiffer, (346 25~). Range Mexico to Ecuador. Santa Tecla 6~ Jan, 1~ July, 16 Aug, 161~ Sept, 1~ Oct, 3~ Dec; La Libertad 36 Feb, 166 Nov, 16 1~ Dec; San Isidro 16 Aug, 26 Oct, 3~ Dec; Los Chorros 26 1~ Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 26 2~ Jan, 16 4~ Dec; Cerro Boqueron 2~ Dec; La Perla 16 Oct, 16 Dec; Rio El Molino 16 April; no data available 16 (BMNH). Noctuana noctua bipuncta (PlOtz, 1884). (116 7~). Range Mexico to Nicaragua. Los Chorros 16 Jan (MS), 16 April, 1~ May (MS), 16 June (VH), 16 July (MS), 16 1<;' Oct; Santa Tecla 1~ Jan, 1~ July, 2<;' Sept; Cerro Verde 19 Aug; Sta Tecla Comasagua Rd. 26 Aug, 26 Sept; Picacho 26 Mar. N. stator (Godman & Salvin, 1899). (86 9~). Range Mexico to Peru. San Salvador 1~ Sept (MS), 36 1~ Oct (16 U, 26 VH, 1~ MS); Santa Tecla 16 3<;' Jan, 1<;' June, 16 2~ July, 16 Aug, 1~ Sept; La Libertad 16 Nov; Los Chorros 16 Oct. Cyclosemia anastomosis Mabille, (66 3~). Range Mexico to Ecuador. Food plant in El Salvador is Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) (Melastomaceae) determined by J. Wurdack. San Salvador 1<;' Sept (MS); Ilopango 16 Feb (VH); Santa Tecla 16 Feb; Cerro San Jacinto 36 1<;' J:m, 16 1~ Dec. Bolla cupreiceps (Mabille, 1891). (176 7~). Range Mexico to Brasil. San Salvador 16 Nov (MS); Los Chorros 16 Mar (VH), 16 Dec; Santa Tecla 16 1~ June, 36 1~ Aug, 2<;' Sept, 1~ Oct; La Libertad 16 Jan, 16 1~ Feb; Tamanique 1<;' July; Cerro San Jacinto 16 Dec; Ilopango 56 Jan, 16 Feb; Rio El Molino 16 May. *B. orsines (Godman & Salvin, 1896). (163<;'). Range Mexico to El Salvador. It would be interesting to know if Evans' (1952) determination of 16 and 19 orsines from 1<;1 Salvador in the BMNH was based on genitalia or maculation. He reports no examples of euippe (Godman & Salvin, 1896), a very similar insect, from El Salvador, but I have found euippe to be about the commonest Bolla species there and have never encountered orsines. Franz & Schroder's determination of 2<;' orsines is questionable because of the great problem of determining stray females, but I include their reported occurrence as part of the record. San Salvador 19 Aug (FS); no data available 16 2<;' (16 1<;' BMNH, 1<;' FS). B. euippe (Godman & Salvin, 1896). (456 20<;'). Range Mexico to El Salvador. San Salvador 16 July (MS); Tamanique 16 July, 16 1<;' Oct (1<;' VH), 2<;' Nov; Santa Tecla 16 Jan, 56 May, 76 3~ June, 36 4<;' July, 26 3~ Aug, 26 Sept, 1<;' Oct, 16 Dec; San Isidro 16 April; Los Chorros 26 April, 16 June, 26 Dec; Cerro San

13 13 Jacinto 1«May, 1«Nov, 1«Dec; Sta Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 50 1«Aug, 20 Sept; llopango 1«Jan; Rio EI Molino 40 April, 20 May; Ataco 1«Aug, Metapan 10 May Ḃ. phylo pullata (Mabille, 1878). (270 13«). Range Mexico to northern South America. San Salvador 1«Aug (MS); Santa Tecla 1«Jan, 30 2«June, 20 1«July, 10 Aug, 50 1«Sept, 10 1«Oct. 1«Dec; La Libertad 30 2«Nov; Tamanique 1«Dec; Los Chorros 30 June, 20 Sept, 20 Oct; Cerro San Jacinto 1«Jan, 10 May, 1«Nov; llopango 40 Jan. B. brennus brennus (Godman & Salvin, 1896). (310 4«). Range USA to Panama. Food plant - tomato. San Salvador 1«June (MS); Santa Tecla 10 July, 10 Sept, 1«Dec; San Isidro 10 Dec; Tamanique 20 July, 10 Nov, 10 Dec; Los Chorros 40 Feb, 20 June, 30 Sept, 10 Oct, 10 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 40 Jan, 30 2«Dec; Cerro Boqueron 10 Dec; Ilopango 50 Jan. B. boliviensis (Bell, 1937). (540 11«). Range Guatemala to Bolivia. Evans (1952) includes boliviensis as one of 5 subspecies of tetra (Mabille, 1878). From north to south their ranges progressively overlap and each has distinct though similar genitalia. Because of these conditions I believe each is a valid species. In EI Salvador, boliviensis was found only in the Miramundo Cloud Forest. Hda. Montecristo 70 Jan, 70 3«Feb, 140 1«Mar, 50 l<;j April, 110 2«May, 50 3«Nov, 50 1«Dec. B. eusebius (Plotz, 1884). (220 7«). Range Mexico to Colombia. Santa Tecla 2«July, 1«Sept; San Isidro 10 Mar, 20 April, 1«July, 10 Oct, 10 Dec; Cerro Verde 10 Aug; Tamanique 10 Oct, 10 1«Nov; Los Chorros 110 April, 1«Sept; Sta Tecla Comasagua Rd. 20 Sept; Cerro Boqueron 10 Dec; Ataco 1«Aug. #B. clytius (Godman & Salvin, 1897). (30). Range Mexico to Honduras. Rio Apancoyo 10 Oct (VH); San Isidro 10 Jan; La Libertad 10 Dec. #B. salva Steinhauser, (90)' Range - EI Salvador. Rio EI Molino (Type locality) 20 May; San Isidro 10 Jan, 10 Mar; Los Chorros 10 Feb, 10 April; Sta Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 10 Sept; Santa Tecla 10 May, 10 June. Staphylus vulgata vulgata (Moschler, 1878). (390 19«). Range Mexico to Argentina. Santa Tecla 20 2«Jan, 10 2«May, 120 4«June, 10 July, 10 Aug, 1«Sept; La libertad 30 Feb, 10 June, 10 Aug, 10 Oct, 50 7«Nov, 30 1«Dec; Los Chorros 10 2«June, 10 Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 10 May; Ilopango 50 Jan. S. tierra Evans, (60 4«). Range Mexico to EI Salvador. See note on following species. La libertad 10 1«Jan, 40 1«Nov, 10 Dec; La Perla 1«Jan, 1«Dec. *S. ascalaphus (Staudinger, 1876). ( «). Range Mexico to Brasil. I follow Freeman (1969) and Monroe & Miller (1967) in considering Evans' (1953) various subspecies of S. mazans (Reakirt, 1866) to be valid species. San Salvador 10 July (MS), 10 Dec (MS); Los Chorros 10 Jan (MS), 20 Feb, 60 April, 20 1«June, 20 1«Sept, 40 1«Oct, 100 Dec; Santa Tecla 30 1«Jan, 50 May, 170 7«June, 30 6«July, 50 Aug, 10 Sept, 20 1«Dec; La Libertad 1«Mar, 2«Aug; San Isidro 10 Jan, 10 Mar, 10 April, 10 July; Cerro San Jacinto 30 May, 1«Nov, 10 1«Dec; Sta Tecla-Comasagua Rd. 1«Aug, 10 Sept; La Perla 1«Jan; Ilopango 100 Jan, 1«Dec; Rio EI Molino 70 April, 30 May; Ataco 30 Aug; Barrios 20 April; no data available 20 (BMNH). *S. azteca (Scudder, 1872). (640 17«). Range Mexico to Costa Rica. Because of appreciable genitalic difference between S. azteca and S. tyro (Mabille, 1878) I consider them valid species rather than subspecies as treated by Evans (1953). San Salvador 10 Jan (VH); Ilopango 10 Jan, 1«Mar (MS); Santa Tecla 20 Jan, 70 2«May, 100 3«June, 90 1«July, 60 Aug, 10 Oct, 30 Dec; La Libertad 20 2«Mar, 10 July (FS), 30 Aug, 10 4«Nov, 20 2«Dec; Cerro San Jacinto 70 1«May; La Perla 10 Jan; Rio EI Molino 20 April, 30 May; Sto. Tomas 10 April; Barrios 1«April; no data available 10 (BMNH). Gorgythion begga pyralina (Moschler, 1876). (150 4<;J). Range USA to Peru. Coatepeque 1«Aug (MS); Ilopango 1«Mar (MS); Santa Tecla 10 April; La libertad 20 Jan, 10 Feb, 10 June, 10 Aug, 10 Nov, 10 Dec; Sta Tecla-Comasagua Rd.