Lessons from Medellín: Urbanism and Mobility

Transcription

1 Lessons from Medellín: Urbanism and Mobility Marcela GIRALDO-ROMERO PhD Research Fellowship Chôros Laboratoire - EPFL. Doctoral candidate in Urban Planning Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ. Brasil. Architect. Master in Urban and regional planning. Colombia. project PostCarWorld Thursday, March 2, EPFL - room AAC 006 Medellin Metrocable Line K. North-east, Giraldo (2016).

2 [...] this is intended, then, for the world s citizens, who will recognize the concerns and challenges of a city that, like a laboratory of creation, like a classroom in itself, has made the decision to learn from its history and its circumstances, and consequently, chooses life as its force, to undertake a vital, transcendent metamorphosis. * Anibal Gaviria. Major of Medellin *Aedes Architecture Fórum. Medellín: topography of knowledge. Urban transformation through collective processes. Medialis, Berlin, Kristin Feireiss, Hans-Jurgen Commerell Publisher, p

3 Lessons from Medellín: Urbanism and Mobility Medellin overview : Violence, fear and starting points : Breaking the circle of decline : Social Urbanism : Persistent and continuous steps : Medellin as world urban event 2016 towards Medellin 2030

4 Medellín overview Colombia Switzerland Area: 41,285 km² Population: 8, (2015) Swiss info Colombia is 27 times the area of Switzerland. And 6,25 times the population. Colombia Area: km² Population: 49,291,925 (estimated DANE 2017) Mapa de fundo: freepik.com

5 Panamá Venezuela Medellín Colombia Ecuador Brasil Perú Department of Antioquia in Colombia Medellin is the Capital of the department of Antioquia Medellín. Accessed: July 2, 2016.

6 View of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Aburrá Antioquia (Department) Area: 63,612 km² Population: (2013) Metropolitan area of the Valley of Aburrá Area: km² Population: (estimated DANE 2016) Medellín: Area: km² Population: (estimated DANE 2016)

7 1980 Creation: Metropolitan Area del Valle de Aburrá (near 1,5 mill. hab. In 1980) 65% of the population of the metropolitan area is from Medellin Administrative entity for the promotion, planning and coordination of joint development of the 10 municipalities. Planning the territory Environmental authority Authority in mass transportation. Execute works of metropolitan interest Densidades urbanas AMVA. Accessed February 21, 2017.

8 City Foundation on March 2, 1616 About 168,000 hab. Center of gold business, coffee, finance, and factories Medellin Future Plan Pilot plane. Arq. Wiener and Sert Migration of peasants to the city Urban growth - settlements on the 1970 border Medellin cartel. Violence in the country: terrorism, drug trafficking, armed groups. Administrative decentralization, with popular election of mayors Political Constitution in Colombia Death of Pablo Escobar (44 years). Today the city is celebrating 401 years

9 Violence, fear and starting points Guerrilla de Eliseo Velásquez (1988) Artista Fernando Botero (1932). < Accesed March 3, Carro Bomba (1999) Artista Fernando Botero (1932). < Accesed March 3, Muerte de Pablo Escobar (1999) Artista Fernando Botero (1932). Accesed March 3, 2016.

10 Car Bomb in Bogotá Administrative center of Medellin Major of Medellín Administrative center of Medellin: Mayor and governorate Giraldo (2016). Giraldo (2016). Last assembled beam of the Metro Botero square Botero square and Museum of Antioquia Giraldo (2016).

11 Metro de Medellín line A stars operations November 1995 Feb Metro Line B Metro Line A Metro Line A. Tricentenario station Giraldo (2016). Metro Line A. Aguacatala station. Giraldo (2016). Map elaboration based onafd, EDU. La transformacion urbana de Medellin, 2014.

12 Breaking the circle of decline Parque de los Deseos (2003) Plaza de la Luz Transformation Plaza Mayor ograf%c3%adas Plaza de la Luz Giraldo (2016)

13 Social Urbanism Metrocable Line K. Giraldo (2016).

14 Inauguration Metrocable line K. August 2004 Line K Metrocable Line K. Giraldo (2016). Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

15 Metrocable Line K. Giraldo (2016).

16 Metrocable Line L Kinder garden Library Santo Domingo Metrocable Line K School Enterprise center Sports center Parks La Herrera Project Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014 Integrated Urban Project (PUI) Northeast Sidewalk 107 sidewalk Andalucia Juan Bobo Project Metro Medellín River PUI North-east. Map adapted by the author from. Accessed February 22, 2017.

17 EDU. La Experiencia de la Zona Nororiental documento de trabajo.

18 Heartfelt houses: Juan Bobo Project Juan Bobo Project Giraldo (2016) La Herrera Project La Herrera Project La Herrera Project of social houses Giraldo (2016).

19 Library Parks Parques Bibliotecas em Medellín Acesso em: 1 julho 2016.

20 Persistent and continuous steps Metrocable Line J. Comuna 13. Giraldo (2016).

21 Inauguration Metrocable line J. San Javier. March 2008 Expansiona area of the city: Pajarito. Line J Metrocable Line J.. Comuna 13. Giraldo (2016). Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

22 Metrocable Line J. Comuna 13. Giraldo (2016).

23 Sport Village for the South American Games of Pajarito Sports unit. Remodeled in 2009 Giraldo (2016). expansion area of the city 14,000 housing solutions 60,000 inhabitants. Metrocable Line J Pajarito. Giraldo (2016).

24 Inauguration Metrocable line L. February 2010 Line L Touristic line to ARVI Park Metrocable Line L. Giraldo (2016). Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

25 Sports center Electric Stairways Urbanwalk School Sports center Library Park San Javier School Metro Urbanwalk Urbanwalk Metrocable Line J Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014 Integrated Urban Project (PUI) Center west - Comuna 13 Parks PUI Comuna 13. Map adapted by the author from. Accessed February 22, 2017.

26 Orion Operation Electric stairways Comuna 13. December 2011 Medellín, stages of the conflict In 2016 the Rate is 20 murders per 100,000 inhabitants. Murders per 100,000 inhabitants Alcaldía de Medellín. Medellín Laboratory. An exhibit of ten ongoing practices. Colombia: Mesa Editores, p. Electric stairways. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016). Alcaldía de Medellín. Medellín Laboratory. An exhibit of ten ongoing practices. Colombia: Mesa Editores, P. 53.

27 "Nowadays, you do not know exactly who is gangster, but they have a certain appearance that makes you recognize them," says Choto. "I look the other way when I see them. You do not want to mess with these guys, because they know where you live and who is from your family. *Habitat Comuna13. july Electric stairways. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016). * By Letty Reimerink. july 24, accessed. 1 mar 2017.

28 "Commune 13 is still one of the most volatile areas in the city," says Hernández. "If one day a gang member from one of the upstairs neighborhoods shoots a gang member from a neighborhood downstairs, then the truce called Electric Stariways' is undone. Cesar Hernandez, Special manager of Integral Urban Projects, PUI, between 2005 and july 24, 2014 Start of the Electric stairway. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016). Electric stairways. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016). Middle slope viaduct. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016). By Letty Reimerink. july 24, accessed. 1 mar 2017.

29 Electric stairways. Comuna 13 Giraldo (2016).

30 Medellin as world urban event December 2011 Metroplus Line 2. Metroplus Line 1. December 2011 Metroplus Line 2. April 2013 Metroplus Line 1. Metroplis Line 1. Hospital station Giraldo (2016). Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

31 Sibylla Brodzinsky Thursday 17 April BST. %20Medellin%20-%20janvier% pdf. Accessed. 28 feb "A city is not just an accident, but the result of coherent vision and aims, stated Leon Crier, pioneer architect, urban planner and visionary, as he spoke to participants at a discussion on Urban Equity in development Cities for Life organized by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. The Guardian. 11 April /03/llamamiento-foro-social-urbano.html

32 2016 towards Medellin 2030 Tram. San Antonio station Giraldo (2016).

33 Inauguration Tram. March 2016 Tram Tram. Giraldo (2016). Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

34 Inauguration Metrocable line H. December 2016 Under construction new Line M Metrocable Line H Fiche projet - Medellin - janvier rojet%20-%20medellin%20-%20janvier% pdf Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana 2014

35 In brief: Integrated transport system Awards and good practices Insights

36 Integrated transport system Cable K Cable L Cable J Bus Metro B Tram Cable H Bus Metro A Metro de Medellin. < Portals/1/pdf/viaje-con-nosotros/g- mapa-esquematico.pdf.pdf?ver= >. Accesed February 20, 2017

37 Integrated transport system 30% of the population does not travel Travelers travel 2.4 times / day 74% of trips are motorized The average travel time in 2012 is 33 minutes, it grew 30% compared to 25 minutes in % of the trips have as origin and destination the city of Medellín. Source-destination survey 2012 Number of trips /day car: 15% The communes of El Poblado, Laureles, Belén concentrate 44% of the cars of the Valley of Aburra, plus Envigado, is 57%. It is less than 20% of the Population of the region. walk: 26% Metro: 9% Bus: 26% Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra. Encuesta Origen y Destino de Hogares p.

38 Metro Metrocable Bus Tram Comuna 13 Arví PASSENGERS PER DAY (2016) POPULATION BENEFITED (aprox) Population benefited: calculated by the number of inhabitants of the communes. Population estimated accessed. 28 Feb Metro de Medellín. < accessed 20 Feb

39 How to pay in the system? [...]The system is not just a means of transport, but also a statement of intent. It is squeaky clean; graffiti is nowhere to be seen; each platform has its own security guard; passengers are constantly reminded to queue. Some stations have libraries, others double as concert venues. People are the city s raw material. You need to educate them, says Ramiro Márquez, the boss of the metro ( ). The economist. Jun 7th 2014 MEDELLÍN Trip Rate 2017 THE CARD IS THE MEAN OF PAYMENT OF THE SYSTEM $ ,69 $2.080 $1.040 $1.910 $1.530 $ ,71 0,35 0,65 0,52 0,79 1 USD : $ pesos COP. TRM 22/02/2017 Rates: Actualization rates: 22 feb 2017.

40 Awards and good practices 1998: AWARD in the Dubai International Award for Best Practices with the Project: Citizenship Living Centers. category: citizen participation and wealth culture : GOOD Practice in the Dubai International Award for Best Practices, for the Integrated Slum Upgrading Program of Medellin - PRIMED. Categoy social services (1998) and urban planning (2000) The Global Knowledge Partnership (GKP). Award for the Network of libraries Parks. From the Category: culture Dubai International Award for Best Practices for Heartfelt Houses The pilot Project: Housing Consolidation and Environmental Recovery of the Juan Bobo Regional Holcim Awards competition. Latin America Urban integration of an informal area, Medellín, Colombia for the Urban Integration Project PUI Comuna VI-BIAU - Biennial of Architecture and Urbanism.- In Lisboa, Portugal. Awarded for the best work of architecture - Library Park España First place at the XVI Pan American Biennial of Quito for the Integral Urban Project in the northeastern part of the city. in the category Urban Design Winner of the first edition of the City to City Barcelona FAD Award. For The management model Medellin, The best educated the Most Innovative City in the World given by the CitiBank, the Urban Land Institute and The Wall Street Journal Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize in Singapore. Prize laureate: Medellín

41 Insights Consulted 27 feb

42 Insights < medellin-de-innovadora-y-moderna.html.> n_transformacion_analisis_aw edellin-las-bandas-criminales-o-la-violencia-quese-recicla/ /nota/ aspx Publicado el 27 de febrero de Accessed 28 feb

43 Publication: 31/01/ visage-medellin_n_ html. Accesed: 28 fev Par Patrick Monay Accessed: By NELL McSHANE WULFHART MAY 13, Accesed: 28 feb 2017.

44 The poorest populations continue to live in areas which are physically and socially marginal. Modern infrastructure connects them to the city, but are they really part of the city? Poverty reduction was not an explicit driver in the origin of Medellin s first Metrocable line. Once built, the city administration became aware of the potential of the Metrocable as a reference point for urban interventions. Innovations in mobility and urbanism didn t went at the beginning hand in hand. Architecture and urbanism were the ways to ensure the presence and power of the state, to regain the control of areas of the city. Medellin still is a city with socially unequal, spatially segregation, high levels of poverty, growing social housing crisis, with strong presence of gangs and criminal organizations. Metrocables facilitated the imposition of the rules of the formal city: legal connections to public infrastructure services, payment of taxes, inclusion in official registers, and so on. But also, Aerial cable-car system does not guarantee, itself, a take-off in neighborhood improvement. Medellin is on the edge of public debt In terms of urban transformation, the development of the poorest areas have been with less attention and maintenance. It is possible to use, adapt and replicate the exact model developed by Medellin? If so, how and Where?

45 Thank you / merci Marcela GIRALDO-ROMERO marcela.giraldoromero@epfl.ch marcelagiraldoromero@gmail.com

46 References Aedes Architecture Fórum. Medellín: topography of knowledge. Urban transformation through collective processes. Medialis, Berlin, Kristin Feireiss, Hans-Jurgen Commerell Publisher, p. Alcaldía de Medellín. Medellín Laboratory. An exhibit of ten ongoing practices. Colombia: Mesa Editores, p. AFD, EDU. La transformación urbana de Medellín, 2014 DA VILA Julio; BRAND Peter. Urban mobility and poverty. Lessons from Medellin and soacha, Colombia. London: Development Planning Unit, UCL and Faculty of Architecture, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2013, 216 p. Images: Slide. 3. Mapa de fundo: freepik.com. Accessed February 27, Slide. 4. WUF7. Disponível em: < Accessed June 24, 2016 Slide Medellín. Accessed: July 2, Slide. 6. Image aspx. Accessed February 27, Slide. 7. Densidades urbanas AMVA. Accessed February 21, Slide Accessed February 28, Slide 9. < art-project>. Accessed March 6, Disponível em: < Accessed March 3, Disponível em: < Accessed March 3, Slide Accessed February 28, Accessed February 28, Slide. 11. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide Slide. 14. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 16. PUI North-east. Map adapted by the author from. Accessed February 22, Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 17. EDU. La Experiencia de la Zona Nororiental documento de trabajo. 98 p. Slide. 19. Parques Bibliotecas em Medellín Accessed 20 february, Slide. 21. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 24. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 25. PUI Comuna 13. Map adapted by the author from aspx#.WK2w528rJdg. Accessed February 22, Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 26. Medellín, stages of the conflict. Alcaldía de Medellín. Medellín Laboratory. An exhibit of ten ongoing practices. Colombia: Mesa Editores, P. 53.

47 Slide By Letty Reimerink. july 24, Accessed March 1, Slide By Letty Reimerink. july 24, Accessed March 1, Slide. 30. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide Accessed May 19, nto-foro-social-urbano.html. Accessed May 19, iche%20projet%20-%20medellin%20-%20janvier% pdf. A Accessed February 22, Sibylla Brodzinsky Thursday 17 April BST. Accessed February 28, Slide. 33. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Slide. 34. Map adapted by the author from AFD, EDU. Medellín, Modelo de transformación urbana p. Fiche projet - Medellin - janvier iche%20projet%20-%20medellin%20-%20janvier% pdf. Accessed February 28, Accessed February 20, Slide. 36. Metro de Medellin. < Accessed February 20, Slide. 37. Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra. Encuesta Origen y Destino de Hogares de Septiembre de p. Slide. 38. Metro de Medellín. < Accessed February 20, Slide.39. Rates: Actualization rates: Accessed February 22, Slide 41. Accessed February 27, Accessed May 19, Accessed February 27, Accessed February 27, Slide nsformacion_analisis_aw. Accessed February 20, Published. 27 feb Accessed February 28, < -de-innovadora-y-moderna.html.> Accessed May 19, Accessed May 19, Slide Par Patrick Monay Accesed February 28, Publication: 31/01/2017. Accessed February 28, By Nell Mcshane Wulfhart. May 13, Accessed February 28, The images not mentioned in the references belong to the author. GIRALDO, 2017.