Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes

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[Outline] Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes - The Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes consist of the E28 Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway connecting Hyogo and Tokushima Prefectures, the E3

1 [Outline] Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes - The Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes consist of the E28 Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway connecting Hyogo and Tokushima Prefectures, the E3 Seto-Chuo Expressway connecting Okayama and Kagawa Prefectures, and the E76 Nishi-Seto Expressway connecting Hiroshima and Ehime Prefectures. - These roadways are used for various purposes, including daily life as well as business and tourism, and they play a vital role as traffic arteries in the Setouchi area. Source: HSBE documents

[Transitions of the transportation network] Changes in the

network, the area within 3 hours of major cities in the

- For example, in 1985 only Awaji Island was within 3 hours

and Okayama Prefectures are within reach, using the

Changes in the 3-hour zone from each city in the prefecture

Cities, towns, and villages on the Honshu side and Shikoku

the various prefectures March 1985 (Before the opening of

Takamatsu city] [From Matsuyama city] [From Kochi city]

National Road Time Table (National Association for

2 [Transitions of the transportation network] Changes in the 3-hour zone - Thanks to improvement of the expressway network, the area within 3 hours of major cities in the Setouchi area has greatly expanded. - For example, in 1985 only Awaji Island was within 3 hours of Tokushima city, but now the majority of Osaka, Hyogo, and Okayama Prefectures are within reach, using the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway or the Seto-Chuo Expressway. Changes in the 3-hour zone from each city in the prefecture [From Kobe city] [From Okayama city] [From Hiroshima city] Cities, towns, and villages on the Honshu side and Shikoku side which can be reached within 3 hours from each city in the various prefectures March 1985 (Before the opening of Ohnaruto Bridge) March, 218 [From Tokushima city] [From Takamatsu city] [From Matsuyama city] [From Kochi city] Note: 3-hour zone by car Source: Created based on the National Road Time Table (National Association for Promotion of Road Improvement) and the National Ferry/Passenger Vessel Guide (Daily Maritime Communication Company), among others.

3 [Volume of vehicular traffic and freight flow] Trends in automobile traffic volume between Honshu and Shikoku - The traffic volume between Honshu and Shikoku has dramatically increased due to the opening of the Honshu-Shikoku expressway routes. - Comparing FY 217 with FY 1984, before the opening of the Ohnaruto Bridge, the volume of vehicular traffic between Honshu and Shikoku has increased about 3.4 times. - Nationwide, the volume of vehicular traffic increased about 1.4 times when comparing FY 1985 and FY , Approx. 3.4 times 56,971 Traffic volume between Honshu And Shikoku (No. vehicles/day) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 16,951 June 1985: Opening of Ohnaruto Bridge 22,131 7,853 28,699 Ferry 39,73 43,323 Traffic volume across Tatara Bridge (Nishi-Seto Expressway) Traffic volume across Seto- Ohashi Bridges (Seto-Chuo Expressway) April 1998: Opening of Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge Traffic volume across Ohnaruto Bridge (Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway) Source: Created from HSBE documents, Transport Movement in Shikoku (Shikoku Transport & Tourism Bureau) 7,748 22,533 24, , 264 vehicles/day 1,77 Average traffic volumes (expressways + ordinary roads; No. vehicles / 12h) 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, <References> Nationwide volume of vehicular traffic Approx. 1.4 times 4,35 5, Source: Created from National Road & Street Traffic Survey (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)

4 [Volume of vehicular traffic and freight flow] Changes in volume of freight flow between Shikoku and the rest of Japan - Comparing FY 216 with FY 1984, the volume of vehicular freight between Shikoku and the rest of Japan increased about 2.5 times. - The volume of vehicular freight among blocs across Japan during the same period increased about 1.2 times. Changes in volume of vehicular freight flowing to and from Shikoku (1, tons) 7 <References> Volume of vehicular freight flow among blocs nationwide 6 Approx. 2.5 times (1, tons) 1, 8, 6, 4, Approx. 1.2 times 6,26 7, , Note: Does not include intraregional flows Source: Created from Freight & Passenger Regional Flow Survey (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) Note: Does not include intraregional flows Source: Created from Freight & Passenger Regional Flow Survey (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)

5 [Total production / income] Productivity improvement in the Shikoku area - Its growth in total production places Shikoku in a nationwide upper-ranked grouping that also includes the Kanto, Chubu, and Kyushu regions. - In terms of per capita income growth, the Shikoku region is the highest. (1985 = 1) Growth in total production by region (214/1985) Increase in per capita income (214/1985) (1985 = 1) Hokkaido Tohoku Kanto Chubu Kinki Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu 12 Hokkaido Tohoku Kanto Chubu Kinki Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Note 1: Kyushu includes Okinawa Note 2: Compared by nominal value Source: Created from Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts (Cabinet Office)

6 [Impact on regional industry] Impact on regional industry - The number of new factory locations in the Shikoku area grew significantly before and after the opening of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges in In recent years, the area has remained at a higher level than elsewhere in the nation. Trends in the number of new factory locations Index of Changes in No. of Factory Locations (1985 = 1) The Seto-Ohashi Bridges open 1999 The Nishi-Seto Expressway opens 1998 The Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway is fully completed Nationwide Hanshin Sanyo Shikoku (Year) Source: Created from Survey of Factory Location Trends (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) Note 1: Hanshin: Osaka & Hyogo Sanyo: Okayama & Hiroshima Note 2: Starting from fiscal year 215, solar power generation facilities within the electrical power industry were excluded from this survey.

[Sightseeing] Sacred ground for cyclists: Shimanami Expressway - Shimanami Expressway is equipped with a bicycle and pedestrian track, and as a scenic cycling course offering spectacular views of the

- The number of bicycle rentals has roughly doubled since the year that the Shimanami Expressway opened to traffic, with increasing use by non-japanese cyclists.

7 [Sightseeing] Sacred ground for cyclists: Shimanami Expressway - Shimanami Expressway is equipped with a bicycle and pedestrian track, and as a scenic cycling course offering spectacular views of the countless islands of the Setouchi area, it attracts cyclists not only from across Japan but also worldwide. - The number of bicycle rentals has roughly doubled since the year that the Shimanami Expressway opened to traffic, with increasing use by non-japanese cyclists. Shimanami Expressway Cycling Routes (Bicycle terminal location map) The Shimanami Expressway links island areas, contributing to the formation of a cycling route Mihara City Onomichi City (Vehicles) 16 Changes in bicycle rental numbers Non-Japanese 1999>217 Approximately twice as many bicycles rented out! 149,74 Bicycle rental usage by non- Japanese cyclists (FY 217) Total: 14,633 vehicles Mukaishima Island Innoshima Bridge 12 Overall (excluding non-japanese) Switzerland 3% Other 2% Taiwan 16% Omishima Island Omishima Bridge Hakata-Ohshima Bridge Oshima Island Tatara Bridge Ikuchi Island Hakata Island Innoshima Island Ikuchi Bridge Kamijima Town Rental Bicycle Terminals (13 locations) 8 4 7,1 135,17 14,633 Canada 3% Netherlands 5% Germany 5% China 5% England 6% France 8% Hong Kong 13% Australia 8% USA 8% Imabari City * As of March 217 Kurushima-Kaikyo Bridge Note: Total No. of non-japanese cyclists since FY 212 Source: Created from data provided by the cities of Imabari in Ehime Prefecture and Onomichi in Hiroshima Prefecture Cycling on the Shimanami Expressway is also popular with non-japanese cyclists!

Development and preservation of tourist resources: example of the Seto Inland Sea in Japan

Island Sustainability II 131 Development and preservation of tourist resources: example of the Seto Inland Sea in Japan H. Gotoh 1, Y. Maeno 1, M. Takezawa 1, K. Shimizu 1 & M. Shimizu 2 1 Nihon University,