A Railway Operator s Perspective on the Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake WEST JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY. Takayuki Sasaki

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1 A Railway Operator s Perspective on the Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake WEST JAPAN RAILWAY COMPANY Takayuki Sasaki

2 Introduction 1 Welcome to Kyoto! Outline of JR-West

3 JR West Service Area 2 JR-West Shinkansen:644km Conventional Lines:4,380km JR-Hokkaido JR-East Hakata 644km Shin- Osaka 553km Tokyo JR-Kyushu JR-Shikoku JR-Central Paris Shanghai 650km Milan 1,100km Beijing

4 JR-West Railway Network 3 Hiroshima Himeji Kobe (1868~) Kyoto (794~) Osaka Nara (710~)

5 Seismic Damage Status (DVD Pictures) 4 Appearance of earthquake Appearance of quake-hit area immediately after earthquake Recovery work

6 Help from the Global Community and Local Citizens Own Efforts 5 Aid from 30 countries Composed behavior of citizens in the affected area

7 The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 6 Time and date of occurrence : January 17 (Tue), :46 a.m. Seismic Intensity: 7 (Maximum seismic intensity until then had been 6.)

8 About the Kansai Region 7 <Population> Osaka-city: 2.7 million Kobe-city: 1.5 million Kyoto-city: 1.5 million Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe Commuting Area : approx. 20 million 40km Kyoto 30km Osaka Kobe Tokyo

9 JR-West Railway Network (Kansai Area) 8 Kyoto Osaka Kobe

10 Damage Situation at JR-West Kyoto Osaka Kobe Epicenter

11 Disaster Area and Seismic Intensity 10 Takarazuka Kobe Osaka Epicenter

12 Damage Overview 11 Deaths: 6,433 Completely and semi-destroyed homes: Approx. 250,000 houses (460,000 households) Estimated cost of damage: Approx. \ 10 Trillion (Worst damage since World War II in Japan)

13 Damage Situation at JR-West (Shinkansen) 12 Kobe Epicenter Osaka

14 Damage Situation 1 (Shinkansen) 13

15 Damage Situation 2 (Shinkansen) 14

16 Damage Situation 3 (Shinkansen) 15

17 Damage Situation 4 (Shinkansen) 16

18 Damage Situation at JR-West (Conventional Lines) 17 Kobe Epicenter Osaka

19 Damage Situation 5 (Conventional Lines) 18 Takatori Depot

20 Damage Situation 6 (Conventional Lines) 19 Around Takatori Station

21 Damage Situation 7 (Conventional Lines) 20 Shin-Nagata Station

22 Damage Situation 8 (Conventional Lines) 21 Shin-Nagata Station closed by fire

23 Damage Situation 9 (Conventional Lines) 22 Around Rokkomichi

24 Damage Situation 10 (Conventional Lines) 23 Around Rokkomichi

25 Damage Situation 11 (Conventional Lines) 24 Rokkomichi Station completely destroyed

26 Damage Situation 12 (Conventional Lines) 25 Ashiya Station

27 Unexpected Damage 26 Hardly any recognition that a major earthquake could occur in the Kansai region Collapse of solidly constructed elevated concrete bridges

28 Events leading up to Restoration of Services 27 Establishment of Recovery System Headquarters to unify power and authority Spirit of the Railways (DNA of 130 years of history )

29 Civil Engineering Work: Bridge Beam Reuse 28

30 Civil Engineering Work: Bridge Beam Reuse 29 Bridge beam raised by jack for reuse

31 Civil Engineering Work: Bridge Beam Reuse 30 Collapsed bridge pier

32 Civil Engineering Work: Bridge Beam Reuse 31 Iron sheet supported technique

33 Daily Timetable Changes 32 Kobe City Hall 1/20 Takarazuka 1/21 1/18 1/19 Tsukaguchi 1/18 Himeji Nishi-Akashi (Shin-Nagata) Suma Kobe (Sannomiya) Terminal Nada (Rokkomichi) Sumiyoshi Ashiya (Osaka) Terminal Amagasaki Koshienguchi Osaka Castle Takatsuki

34 Daily Timetable Changes Takarazuka Line reopened four days after earthquake (1/ 21) by working around the clock 33 Status immediately after earthquake

35 Daily Timetable Changes 34 Kobe City Hall 1/20 Takarazuka 1/21 1/25 1/18 1/23 1/19 Tsukaguchi 1/18 Himeji Nishi-Akashi (Shin-Nagata) Suma Kobe (Sannomiya) Terminal Nada (Rokkomichi) Sumiyoshi Ashiya (Osaka) Terminal Amagasaki Koshienguchi Osaka Castle Takatsuki

36 Daily Timetable Changes 35 Resumption of services using a makeshift platform 1/25 (8 days after) Status immediately after earthquake Ashiya Station

37 Daily Timetable Changes 36 Kobe City Hall 1/20 Takarazuka 1/21 1/18 1/23 1/30 1/25 1/19 Tsukaguchi 1/18 Himeji Nishi-Akashi (Shin-Nagata) Suma Kobe (Sannomiya) Terminal Nada (Rokkomichi) Sumiyoshi Ashiya (Osaka) Terminal Amagasaki Koshienguchi Osaka Castle Takatsuki

38 Daily Timetable Changes 37 Trains did not stop at heavily-damaged stations Shin-Nagata Station

39 Daily Timetable Changes 38 Kobe City Hall 1/20 Takarazuka 1/21 1/18 1/23 1/30 2/20 2/8 1/25 1/19 Tsukaguchi 1/18 Himeji Nishi-Akashi (Shin-Nagata) Suma Kobe (Sannomiya) Terminal Nada (Rokkomichi) Sumiyoshi Ashiya (Osaka) Terminal Amagasaki Koshienguchi Osaka Castle Takatsuki

40 Daily Timetable Changes 39 2/20 (34 days after) Nada Station

41 Daily Timetable Changes 40 Kobe City Hall 1/20 Takarazuka 1/21 3/10 Tsukaguchi 1/18 1/23 1/30 2/20 2/8 1/25 1/19 1/18 Himeji Nishi-Akashi (Shin-Nagata) Suma Kobe (Sannomiya) Terminal Nada (Rokkomichi) Sumiyoshi Ashiya (Osaka) Terminal Amagasaki Koshienguchi Osaka Castle Takatsuki

42 Daily Timetable Changes 41 Resumption of services at makeshift stations 3/10 (52 days after) Shin-Nagata Station

43 Teaming Up with Rival Railway Companies 42 Hankyu 5 min. 10 min. to JR Hanshin Kobe Nada 5 min. Rokkomichi Sumiyoshi 10 min. Osaka Restored sections Damaged sections

44 Circuitous Route 43 Wadayama Kyoto Himeji Kakogawa Kobe Amagasaki Osaka Shin-Osaka Kansai-Airport Tennoji

45 Circuitous Route Heavily crowded with transfer passengers Wadayama Station

46 Daily Timetable Changes Appearance of timetable adjustment 45

47 Self-Composed Behavior of Local Citizens in Afflicted Area 46 Commuters queuing neatly 10 yen coin in a public telephone Consideration for others

48 Commuters Queuing Neatly for Alternative Bus Services 47

49 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Conventional Lines) 48 Rokkomichi Station

50 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Conventional Lines) 49 Rokkomichi Station

51 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Conventional Lines) 50 Test run 3/30

52 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Conventional Lines) 51 4/1(73 days after) Rokkomichi Station Thank you to everyone involved in recovery work. Rokkomichi will be reborn.

53 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Shinkansen) 52 Before After

54 Resumption of Services along Entire Line (Shinkansen) 4/8(80 days after) 53 high- speed rail test vehicle Shin-Kobe Station

55 Role of Financial Director 54 Publication of financial results at a time when cost of recovery was still uncertain Profit registered ahead of public offering

56 Crisis Control Measures after Earthquake 55 Introduction of urgent earthquake detection and alarm system Antiseismic reinforcement work Establishment of Second Shinkansen General Control Center

57 Response to Earthquake Experience 56 Shift from disaster prevention to disaster mitigation Recognition of need for wideranging cooperation in various fields Review of risk management system

58 IT Risk Management was the first year of the age of the Internet and voluntarism Further responses for the Web 2.0 age

59 Lessons Learned from Earthquake Experience 58 Be humble in the face of nature! Decision-making process in abnormal circumstances

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