Model of Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Railway Lines

Transcription

1 World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology Iteratoal Joural of Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg Model of Mult-Crtera Evaluato for Ralway Les Juraj Camaj, Mart Kedra, Jaroslav Masek Iteratoal Scece Idex, Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg waset.org/publcato/ Abstract The paper s focused to the evaluato ralway tracks the Slovaka by usg Mult-Crtera method. Evaluato of ralway tracks has mportat mpacts for the assessmet of vestmet techcal equpmet. Evaluato of ralway tracks also has a mportat mpact for the allocato of marshallg yards. Marshallg yards are trasport model as ceters for the operato assged catchmet area. Ths model s oe of the effectve ways to meet the developmet strategy of the Europea Commuty's ralways. By applyg ths model practce, a trasport compay ca guaratee a hgher qualty of servce ad the expect a crease performace. The model s also applcable to other ral etworks. Ths model supplemets a theoretcal problem of tra formato problem of ew ways of lookg at evaluato of factors affectg the orgazato of wago flows. Keywords Ralway track, mult-crtera methods, evaluato, trasportato model. I. INTRODUCTION HE ralway trasport s oe of the mportat sectors of the Tatoal ecoomy, whch substatally affects the developmet ad growth of the ecoomc level every rego. Buldg ad recostructo of ralway etwork requres the comprehesve vew of dvdual frastructure projects [1]. The Europea Commsso ad govermet of Europea coutres declared the documets am to shft part of the volume of freght trasport from road to ral. Ths trasfer should occur partcular order to lesse evrometal polluto, reducg the umber of traffc accdets wth fatal cosequeces ad elmato of cogesto o the road etwork areas of large ctes. II. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSPORT NETWORK From the perspectve of modelg the trasport etwork composed of operatg cotrol pots ad sectos, whch ca be terpreted as vertces ad edges oreted twce valuato multgraph [2], [4]. Applyg the methods of graph theory s the approprate mathematcal apparatus for descrpto, aalyss ad sythess of trasport etworks [3]. Formal trasport etwork s determed by a set of vertces ad edges wth the doublevalued. (permeablty ad legth):,,, (1) Ig. Juraj Camaj, PhD s wth the Faculty of Operato ad Ecoomcs of Trasport ad Commucatos, Uversty of Zla, Zla, Slovaka (correspodg author, phoe: , e-mal: juraj.camaj@fpedas.uza.sk). Mart Kedra (Assoc. Prof. PhD S.) ad Jaroslav Masek (Ig. PhD) are wth the Faculty of Operato ad Ecoomcs of Trasport ad Commucatos, Uversty of Zla, Zla, Slovaka (e-mal: aa.dolayova@fpedas.uza.sk, jaroslav.msek@fpedas.uza.sk). The permeablty (oe-way) s determed by the umber of sets that ca eter to the secto per ut tme. Very mportat s the determato of edge weght. Weght of edges ca be expressed ot oly uts of legth (km), as well as e.g. average tme (mutes or hours) requred for ts passage. I coecto wth the creato of a model, ralway frastructure ca be very sutable to be dffcult formulato the optmalty crtero. A umber of practcal problems are defed as mult-crtera tasks. III. METHODS OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS Aalytcal methods geerally costtute a set of rules ad procedures appled, whch ca come to a proper assessmet of the subject that s for adoptg the best soluto. The curret mathematcal system offers wde rage methods of decsos. Aalytcal methods ca be dvded to three groups o emprcal, heurstc ad exact methods []. Emprcal methods are based o experece, tuto ad subjectvty. These methods ca be dvded to emprcaltutve ("trals ad errors"), emprcal-aalytcal (aalyss replaces tuto), Expert (Delph method/expert opos, brastormg, bra wrtg, the method of scearos). Heurstc methods used the advatages of emprcal ad statstcal methods. They are based o commo sese ad logc. These methods clude the decso table, decso tree, decso aalyss, ad preferece theory (f 0% chace that the decso s correct, t should accept the decso maker) [5]. Exact methods are based o scetfc aalyss ad decsomakg desged to solve stuatos that are repeated, ad where relatoshps betwee elemets are expressed quattatvely. Ths group of methods clude [7]: methods of Mathematcal Statstcs (probablty theory, correlato aalyss, tme seres aalyss), methods of mathematcal aalyss ad lear algebra (dfferetal calculus, extrapolato, matrx), Methods of Operatoal Aalyss (Mathematcal Methods Ecoomcs, structural aalyss, etwork aalyss, queug models ad so o. Comprehesve evaluato process s carred out creasgly complex dyamc codtos. Therefore, t s ecessary to choose the approprate method of ther choce, whch wll take to accout several crtera: Pot Method; Rato Idex Method; Decso Matrx Method (FDMM); Forced Decso Matrx Method (FDMM); Idex of suppler; Aalytc Herarchy Process (AHP); Preferece Rakg Orgazato Method for Erchmet Evaluatos PROMETHEE. Iteratoal Scholarly ad Scetfc Research & Iovato 9(11)

2 World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology Iteratoal Joural of Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg Iteratoal Scece Idex, Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg waset.org/publcato/ IV. THE INDIVIDUAL CRITERIA OF RAILWAY TRACKS The ral etwork comprses ralway les, whch cossts of track sectos. The assessmet parameters tracks ca be based o ther characterstcs dvded accordg to several crtera. A. Ifrastructure Fee The fee for the use of the ralway frastructure the Slovak Republc s pad by the trasport operator to the ralway for the use of the ralway les. The total amout for access to the ralway frastructure s defed as: U C U U (2) mp The calculato of the total paymet for a mmal access packet for the tra wll be determed as the charge summary for capacty orderg ad allocato, charge for traffc maagemet ad orgazato ad charge for securg trasport ablty accordg to the patter: 1 U U U * Q * L * k (3) mp 1 * L U 2 * L * 1000 where: U mp : total rembursemet for the use of the ralway frastructure, U 1 : maxmum rembursemet for orderg ad allocatg capacty, U 2 : maxmum rembursemet for maagg ad orgazg trasport, U 3 : maxmum rembursemet for esurg the operablty of the ralway frastructure, L : total track legth of the competet category betwee sgle trasport pots klometers, Q : total gross weght of the tra rouded to the whole to, k e : coeffcet whch takes to accout the movemet of the tra wth a actve drvg ral vehcle usg desel tracto o electrfed tracks, the sze of ths coeffcet beg 1.2. The coeffcet for the other tras s 1.0. [10] The calculato for total paymet for track access to servce devces for freght tras cossts of a charge for use of a electrc feedg devce, a charge for tra assgmet ad t wll be determed accordg to the patter: tp ja 3 D 1 U tp * Q* Le * U e PPj * U 1000 where Q - total gross weght of tra haressed o electrfed track rouded to the whole to, L e maxmum rembursemet /thousads of gross to klometers for electrcal supply used, U e legth of electrfed stretch utlzed klometers, P Pj umber of tra accesses accordg to the respectve category of trasport pots for freght trasport tras, U Nj maxmum rembursemet for access of freght trasport tras. [8] B. The Tracto Eergy By type of tracto we dstgush Slovaka o track: electrfed, o electrfed. Electrfed tracks ca be splt accordg to the type of curret ad frequecy to: DC electrfed les wth the tracto voltage of 3 kv, Nj e (4) AC electrfed les wth 50 Hz frequecy ad voltage 25 kv, AC electrfed les wth 1.7 Hz frequecy ad voltage 15 kv. C. The Track Class The maxmum permssble axle load s depedet o the carryg capacty of the ralway frastructure ad brdge. Axle weght s gve toes ad s calculated by dvdg the gross weght of wagos,.e. the sum of ts ow weght ad the weght of the wago load by umber of axles. Overvew categores of track classes are Table I. TABLE I THE TRACK CLASSES AND THEIR MAXIMAL LOADING [9] The track The maxmum permssble The maxmum permssble weght of class axle load the meter wago A 1,0 t 5,0 tpm B 1 18,0 t 5,0 tpm B 2 18,0 t,4 tpm C 2 20,0 t,4 tpm C 3 20,0 t 7,2 tpm C 4 20,0 t 8,0 tpm D 2 22,5 t,4 tpm D 3 22,5 t 7,2 tpm D 4 22,5 t 8,0 tpm D. The Track Costructo The ral le s composed of the ralway substructure, ralway superstructure ad artfcal structures. The track substructure has a fudametal role to esure a suffcetly stable coecto of the ral body wth the groud. The track superstructure s used for roadway rollg stock, leadg them ad carres. Whle also trasmts power to the track substructure whch arse whle drvg vehcles. The ma task s keepg artfcal costructo of the ralway le places where they caot be used aloe embakmets ad detatos or ther mplemetato would be much cost. The group of artfcal structures we clude retag walls ad restrat walls, tuels, brdges, vaducts ad culverts. E. The Type of Track Iterlockg System The track terlockg system has a sgfcat mpact o the umber of tras rug the terstato sectos. Esurg the movemet of tras s carred out accordace wth exstg traffc regulatos depedg o the type of terlockg system. Track securty devces are classfed accordg to the level of securty o devce: 1st. category (tra aoucg pots) the ma sgalg devces are depedet by departures of tras ad also by terlockg systems adjacet operatg cotrol pots 2d. category (sem-automatc track terlockg system). They provde depedecy betwee adjacet operatg cotrol pots. Operato of the cotrol ut of secto or departures sgalg devces s depedet o tra movemets ad requres the cooperato of the operator. 3rd. category (full automatc track terlockg system Iteratoal Scholarly ad Scetfc Research & Iovato 9(11)

3 World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology Iteratoal Joural of Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg Iteratoal Scece Idex, Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg waset.org/publcato/ automatc block). They medate depedece betwee adjacet operatg cotrol pots. Operato of the cotrol ut of secto sgalg devces s automatc. The cotrol ut s depedet o drve tra ad does ot requre acto ad servcg staff F. The Gradet Codtos of Track O the track of the gradet s determed speed lmt betwee the maxmum track speed ad rug speed by: sze of the slope or clmb o the track, accordg to the type of tra brake system ad drve performace vehcle, Accordg to brakg dstace wth respect to prescrbed provsos of frastructure maager. The bggest gradet s determed for each track dvdually. The rulg (decsve) gradet s oe that ca be desged a straght secto of the track. The track s proposed the uform gradet for the logest sectos. Where possble, the route s guded as a costat resstace of track (effect of curvature o the track, where applcable, placed the tuel route). The logtudal gradet of the track s proposed vew of smooth start ad safe stoppg of tras. The track gradet should be as small as possble. The gradet codtos at operatg cotrol pots ad hump track are desged accordace wth the relevat regulatos for the desg of ralway statos. The legth of the horzotal sectos should be as far as possble provded that t does ot deterorate the costructo ad mateace solutos traffc routes G. Number of Le Tracks The le track, whch coects two adjacet operatg cotrol pots s cotuous track of ral. Tracks ca be splt accordg to the umber of tracks to the sgle-track les (allow movemet of tras wth oly oe drecto) ad double-track les or mult-track les (allow movemet of tras both drectos smultaeously by dfferet track ral). H. The Type of Structure Gauge The structure gauge (SG) s defed as the plae perpedcular to the axs of the le, whose axs s perpedcular to the le jog dow from the top of the rals, whch may ot tervee ay part of fxed buldg or ay part of the le track. The structure gauge, also called the mmum clearace outle, s the mmum heght ad wdth of tuels ad brdges as well as the mmum heght ad wdth of the doors that allow a ral sdg access to a warehouse. I addto, the term may apply to the mmum dstace to ralway platforms (passeger or freght), buldgs, electrcal equpmet boxes, ralway sgal equpmet, thrd rals or to supports for overhead cateares or overhead les from the track. The loadg gauge s to determe of spatal patter that may terest expese o ope wagos. O the Slovak ralways are usg the followg gauge the followg breakdows: SG 1 SM/ŽSR, SG 1 - SME/ŽSR, the brdges SG, the tuel SG, o the recostructo le of Slovak ralways SG B, C, the le for multmodal trasport SG UIC GC. I. The Le Speed The le speed s defed as a permaet maxmum speed lmt o the partcular le, whch s dcated the Route Book. I addto to the le speed we kow the set speed; the speed of the tra s determed by ts tmetable. I the professoal stadards establshed the frastructure maager o Slovak ralways (ZSR) defes the ra speed accordg to dfferet types of tra. All speed zoes at the Slovak Ralway are Table II. TABLE II THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE VARIOUS SPEED ZONES [9] The speed zoe Track speed RP 1 to 0 kmph RP kmph RP kmph RP kmph RP 5 up to 10 kmph Whe cosderg the possbltes of ralway trasport ad routes to take to accout the followg factors: vbrato of wagos from equalty o the track, adheso, whch s a decreasg of speed, curvature - Vertcal drop of outer belts curves, the radus of curvature the track browsg, the radus of curves to turout, deformato of the rals due to the deformato waves deformato of the cotact wre collector, Soud barrer. To satsfy huma ad socal eeds appears more ad more to the fore the tme factor, alog wth the qualty of servce becomes a decsve factor trasport. Moderzato of ralway trasport focusg o the ssue of hgher speed as oe of the fudametal problems of a techcal ad ecoomc character. V. METHODOLOGY FOR COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RAILWAY LINES A methodology for ratg of les ca serve as support for modelg drecto of load tra formato problem. Methodologcal aspects cosst applyg the procedures leadg to determe the meag dcator ad also a partal assessmet. Ths requres the determato of: weghts of dvdual dcators partal evaluato of dcators. To determe the weght of the dcators eeds to be two steps: determe the weght of each group of dcators, determe the weght of each dcator the group. Weghts of dvdual groups of dcators ad weghts of dvdual dcators the group s based o a umercal scale by 1 to pot. The assgmet oe pot represets a Iteratoal Scholarly ad Scetfc Research & Iovato 9(11)

4 World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology Iteratoal Joural of Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg Iteratoal Scece Idex, Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg waset.org/publcato/ group resp. dcator wth lttle mportace ad assgmet of pots represets a group of dcators, resp. dcator of crucal mportace A. Parameters for Evaluato ad Ther Idcators After processg of dvdual assessmet parameters les s the ext step should be to assg to these parameters of dvdual dcators. These dcators characterze the dvdual parameters. The structure of dcators s show Table III. TABLE III PARAMETERS FOR EVALUATION AND THEIR INDICATORS Parameters Idcators 1.The frastructure fee 2.The type of tracto 3.The track class 4.The le costructo (age of ralway superstructure) 5. Type of le terlockg system..the gradet codtos 7.Number of le track 8.Character of traffc 9. The type of structure gauge 10. Maxmum le speed Tra Trasport quatum 1 Dstace covered 4 Electrc tracto Wthout electrc tracto 1 A 1 B 2 C 5 D 0-5 year - 10 r r r r. 2 Up to 25r. 1 Telephoc commucato 1 Tra aoucg pots 2 Sem-automatc block system 5 Automatc block system horzotal to 5 5 to 10 4 to 20 2 up to 20 1 Sgle-le track 1 Double-le track 5 Mult-le track Passeger 1 Freght Mxed traffc 5 1 SM/ŽSR SM E 5 The brdges SG 2 The tuel SG 1 Itermodal trasport SG UIC GC 4 Moderzed les ŽSR SG B 0 kmph kmph (140) kmph 5 10 kmph Some factors Table III should be merged because of the hgh frequecy of the sub-groups, but t has o mpact to the overall results. The dffereces of ther fluece ad ther subsequet evaluato have the same weght. As a example, we are presetg parameter of track class ad ther maxmal loadg where the track class s assged a score of categores by alphabetc dexg wthout umercal dex. B. Determato of the Codtos for Ideal Track The deal track s a track where dvdual factors are assged the hghest ratg. Ths assessmet wll be a maxmum assessmet rate all parameters. For the evaluato of les s ecessary to establsh codtos that would allow the creato of a comprehesve assessmet model, relatve to the track capacty, techcal equpmet etc. VI. SOLUTIONS The soluto to ths desg s the use ad applcato of several optmzato methods ad algorthms. The fal evaluato of the track s the sum of dvdual evaluato parameters that characterze a partcular ralway le. Selecto ca be performed for ay les o the trasport etwork, where s the possblty of buldg the ew les, ("buldg from scratch") or to determe drectly choce the exstg tracks. The objectve of the methods of mult-crtera evaluato s the trasformato ad sythess values of dfferet varables to a sgle summary dcator (the resultg characterstcs). Ths dcator shows the comprehesve level of dvdual objects the surveyed les. It s a summary dcator represetato of the overall level (mportace) of the le. Kj a a j m.100 ; j 1,..., m 1 where Kj coeffcet of the j-th le; a j sum of the evaluato j-th le; a m sum of the evaluato the deal le. "Ideal le" s marked the fctoal le that all evaluato factors meets full. Thus, the value x m1,..., x m are the maxmum. Summary of dcators reflects the mportace of the pot. The bass of mult-crtera evaluato s processg the tal matrx of objects ad ther characterstcs. The objects represet all ralway les o the etwork, whch each case meet the crtera for cluso a specfc choce. I the costructo of the tal matrx of ralway les s ecessary to observe the followg steps: 1. Selecto of ralway les cluded the aalyss fle. 2. The assgmet the "deal le" the lst of ralway les. 3. Selecto of parameters characterzg every ralway les. 4. Electo of weghts of dcators. 5. The preparato of the tal matrx. (5) Iteratoal Scholarly ad Scetfc Research & Iovato 9(11)

5 World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology Iteratoal Joural of Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg Iteratoal Scece Idex, Idustral ad Maufacturg Egeerg waset.org/publcato/ TABLE IV INITIAL MATRIX FOR EVALUATION Idcator Le a 1 a 2... a... a 1 x 11 x 12 x 1 a1 2 x 21 x 22 x 2 a j x j a j m-1 x m-1,1 x m-1,2 x m-1, a m 1, m (the deal le) x m1 x m2 x m 2 a m a 1,..., evaluato dcators; x j value of -th dcator the j-th ralway le; umber of dcators; m -1 umber of ralway les cluded to the tal matrx; m the deal le. VII. CONCLUSION The guarateed support ralway by fudg Europea Uo or atoal govermets s ecessary that ralway udertakgs provde compettve trasport servces lke other kds of trasport. Ths model for evaluato ralway les represets oe of the possble ways to meet the developmet strategy of the Europea Commuty's ralways. By applyg ths model practce ca the frastructure maager guaratee a hgher qualty of servce ad the expect a crease performace. The model s also applcable for other etwork trasport systems. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Ths paper s prepared wth the support of the project "The qualty of educato ad developmet of the huma resources as pllars of the kowledge socety at the Faculty PEDAS, ITMS project code , Uversty of Zla. Moder Educato for the Kowledge Socety / Project s co-faced by fuds from the EC REFERENCES [1] J. Camaj, J. Masek The tra formato as mportat tool for creasg the freght trasport servces. I: Horzos of ralway trasport. Scetfc papers. - ISSN X. - Vol. 2, No. 1 (2011), p [2] J. Camaj, A. Dolayova The orgazato of the wago flows wth respect to the ecoomc crtera of ralways compaes. I: LOGI 2011: 12th teratoal scetfc coferece, November 24th, 2011 Pardubce. Czech Republc - ISBN p [3] J. Camaj, J. Masek Locato of marshallg yards as basc problem for tme dscreet tra formato. I: Horzos of ralway trasport Iteratoal scetfc coferece: Terchová, Slovak Republc, September 29th ad 30th, ISBN p [4] J. Camaj, J. Gaspark Ralway stato evaluato for systematc tra formg o the ralway etwork. I: Scetfc Papers of the Uversty of Pardubce, Seres B The Ja Perer Trasport Faculty 14 (2008) ISSN p [5] J. Camaj Optmzato of tra formato o trasport etwork. Dssertato theses. Uversty of Zla, Faculty of Operato ad Ecoomcs of Trasport ad Commucatos. p [] A. Dolayova et all. The mpact of the ralway freght trasport market lberalsato o the socal trasport costs. VEGA Agecy by the Project 1/0701/14, 2014, rug report. [7] A. Dolayova, J. Camaj, M. Loch 'The Effects of Logstcal Ceters Realzato o Socety ad Ecoomy'. World Academy of Scece, Egeerg ad Techology 2014, Iteratoal Scece Idex, Ecoomcs ad Maagemet Egeerg, 1(4), [8] M. Kedra J. Mašek, M. Bab Impact of ralway frastructure parameters o safety of goods trasportato by ralways. I: Maches, techologes, materals: teratoal vrtual joural. - ISSN Vol. 8, o. 3 (2014), ole, pp ad I: tras & MOTAUTO 14: XXII teratoal scetfc ad techcal coferece o trasport, roadbuldg, agrcultural, hostg & haulg ad mltary techcs ad techologes: Vara, Bulgara: proceedgs., ISSN Year 22, o. 9/(158). [9] M. Kedra, M. Bab, P. Šulko Iteracto betwee ralway frastructure parameters ad qualty of trasportato servces. I: BulTras-2013: aversary scetfc coferece o aeroautcs, automotve ad ralway egeerg ad techologes: October 1-18, 2013, Sofa, Bulgara: proceedgs: October 1-18, 2013, Sofa, Bulgara: proceedgs. - ISSN X. - Sofja: Izdatelstvo a Techčeskja Uverstet, pp [10] M. Kedra, J. Lalská, J. Čamaj Optmzato of trasport ad logstc processes by smulato. I: ISTEC: 3rd teratoal scece, techology ad egeerg coferece, December , 2012, Duba, Uted Arab Emrates (UAE): proceedgs book. - ISSN Ole, pp Iteratoal Scholarly ad Scetfc Research & Iovato 9(11)