IUGG XXIV GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Transcription

1 Allegato al numero odierno del Attahed to the daily issue of IUGG XXIV GENERAL ASSEMBLY Perugia, July 2-13, 2007 July 4, 2007

2 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM July 4, 2007 US004 Digital geophysial data exhange: remote aess, virtual observatories, GEOSS, and egy Retorate Main Hall Conveners: Papitashvili Vladimir, MLean Susan, Thomson Alan JAS001 Planetary ores: physis, hemistry and dynamis onveners: Tanaka Satoru, Cardin Philippe JAS002 Large sale imaging of the ontinental and oeani lithosphere Department of Pharmay (E Room) Room E Department of Pharmay (E Room) Room E onveners: Harinarayana T., Key Kerry JAS006 Eletrodynamial and hemial effets in the middle and upper atmosphere generated by thunderstorms oster Conveners: Sao Sabbas Fernanda, Rodger Craig, Sentman Davis, Blan Elisabeth JAS007 Response of the atmosphere/ ionosphere oupling system to foring from the Sun and the lower atmosphere ral July 4, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:30 AM - Department of Chemistry Room E Department of Chemistry Room E Conveners: Kazimirovsky Edward, Panheva Dora JAS009 Equatorial atmosphere-ionosphere oupling proesses: responses to foring from lower atmosphere and magnetosphere onveners: Abdu Mangalathayil JAS011 The Sound of Physis: Advanes in oronal, helio-, astero- and terrestrial seismology Oral Department of Chemistry Room C oster onveners: Metalfe Travis ASI001 Planetary Dynamos: theory, models, observation and experiment ral July 4, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:30 AM - epartment of Pharmay Room A Department of Pharmay Room A oster onveners: Wiht Johannes, Chulliat Arnaud, Ivers David ASI008 Magnetism of extraterrestrial materials and bodies Department of Chemistry Room C oster onveners: Kohout Tomas ASIII028 Reporter reviews ral July 4, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:30 AM - Department of Chemistry Room B Department of Chemistry Room B Conveners: Fujimoto Masaki ASIV031 From miro- to maro-sales in the heliosphere and magnetospheres (Divisions IV, II, and III ) Department of Pharmay Room B Department of Pharmay Room B Conveners: Zank Gary ASV035 The role of magneti observatories in monitoring and modeling Earths magneti field Oral Department of Mathematis Room I2 Conveners: Kotze Pieter, Shott Jean-Jaques ASV037 International Deade of Geopotential Field Researh: Current ahievements and expeted impat of Swarm (Divisions V, and I, II, III) Department of Chemistry Room F Department of Chemistry Room F Conveners: Lesur Vinent, Maus Stefan, Friis- Christensen Eigil ASICDC042 Advanes in the investigation of equatorial aeronomi proesses sine the International Geophysial Year 1957 Department of Chemistry Room A Department of Chemistry Room A Conveners: Muralikrishna Polinaya ASIDCH043 The International Geophysial Year: A 50-yr Retrospetive Department of Mathematis Room I2 Conveners: Cliver Ed, Good Gregory A. GS001 Referene Frames Oral Department of Eduation Room 3 Conveners: Dermanis Athanasios, Drewes Hermann GS002 Gravity Field Department of Eduation Main Hall Department of Eduation Main Hall Conveners: Visser Pieter, Okubo Shuhei, Jekeli Christopher, Sneeuw Nio, Marti Urs GS005 The Global Geodeti Observation System (GGOS) Department of Eduation Room 3 Conveners: Plag Hans-Peter, Rothaher Markus, Neilan Ruth JMS003 Satellite Observations: Produts and Appliations Department of Eonomis Room 3 Department of Eonomis Room 3 Conveners: Drummond James JMS012 Planetary Atmospheres and Their Evolution Department of Physis Room B Department of Physis Room B Conveners: Coustenis Athena, Casavehia Piergiorgio, Strobel Darrell JMS020 Assessing & Exploiting Re-analysis Data Sets Department of Mathematis Room A3 Department of Mathematis Room A3 Conveners: Arkin Phillip, Mariotti Annarita MS002 Global Observing Systems, Past, Present and Future (ICCL) Oral Department of Mathematis Room B3 Conveners: Alverson Keith, Kiladis George MS003 Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds (IRC, ICCP, ICACGP) Department of Eonomis Main Hall Department of Eonomis Main Hall Conveners: Nakajima Teruyuki, Isaa George MS011 The Dynamis of Eastern Tropial Oeans and Subtropial Highs (ICDM) Department of Physis Room A Department of Physis Room A Conveners:Grotjahn Rihard, Mehoso Carlos MS019 Middle Atmosphere Siene (ICMA) Department of Eonomis Room 2 Department of Eonomis Room 2 Conveners: Hamilton Kevin JPS001 Interannual and Interdeadal Climate Variability Oral July 4, 2007 from 11:00 AM to 12:30 AM - Department of Eonomis Room 6 Department of Eonomis Room 6 Conveners: MPhaden Mihael, Holbrook Neil PS004 Oean Mixing ( o-sponsored by SCOR ) Oral July 4, 2007 from 11:00 AM to 12:30 AM - Department of Mathematis Room A2 Department of Mathematis Room A2 Conveners: Muenh Robin PS008 Proesses in Oeani Fronts Oral July 4, 2007 from 11:00 AM to 12:30 AM - Aademy of Fine Arts Room 14 Aademy of Fine Arts Room 14 Conveners: Belkin Igor JSS010 Progress in eletromagneti studies on earthquakes and volanoes - Seismoeletromagneti studies using spae tehnology Department of Physis Room C Department of Physis Room C Conveners: Ouzounov Dimitar, Tramutoli Valerio, Parrot Mihel, Singh Ramesh

3 MEETING PROGRAM ACCOMPANYING PERSONS PROGRAM July 3, 2007 IAGA Exeutive Committee July 3, 2007 from 07:00 PM to 09:00 PM - Retorate Room VII IAGA S.E.D.I Union Commission July 3, 2007 from 05:30 PM to 10:00 PM - Department of Chemistry Room A IAGA Division IV Evening July 3, 2007 from 06:00 PM to 08:00 PM - Department of Chemistry Room F IAMAS Counil July 3, 2007 from 05:30 PM to 07:30 PM - Retorate Dessau Hall IAPSO Exeutive Committee July 3, 2007 from 12:30 AM to 02:00 PM - ademy of Fine Arts Room 16 July 4, 2007 IUGG Counil July 4, 2007 from 02:00 PM to 06:00 PM - Retorate Room VIII IAGA Division II Evening Department of Chemistry Room B IAGA Division V Evening Department of Chemistry Room F IAGA Division I Evening Department of Chemistry Room A IAGA Division III Evening Department of Chemistry Room C IAG Exeutive Committee July 4, 2007 from 08:30 AM to 10:00 AM - Department of Eduation Room 4 IAMAS International Commission on Planetary Atmospheres and their Evolution Department of Physis Room B IAPSO deration of Astronomial and Geophysial Data Analysis Servies Meeting July 4, 2007 from 12:00 AM to 02:00 PM - ademy of Fine Arts Room 16 IAPSO General Business Meeting July 4, 2007 from 08:30 AM to 09:30 AM - Department of Eonomis Room 6 IAPSO Commission Mean Sea Level & Tides July 4, 2007 from 02:00 PM to 04:00 PM - Aademy of Fine Arts Room 16 July 5, 2007 IUGG Exeutive Committee July 5, 2007 from 04:00 PM to 06:00 PM - Retorate Dessau Hall IUGG Bureau Meeting July 5, 2007 from 12:00 AM to 02:00 PM - Retorate Room V IUGG Finanial Committee July 5, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 11:00 AM - Retorate Room V IAGA Exeutive Committee July 5, 2007 from 02:00 PM to 04:00 PM - Retorate Room VII IAG Sub Commission 3.1 July 5, 2007 from 05:30 PM to 07:30 PM - Department of Eduation Room 3 IAMAS Exeutive Committee July 5, 2007 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Retorate Dessau Hall IAVCEI Eletromagneti Study of Earthquakes and Volanoes July 5, 2007 from 07:00 PM to 10:00 PM - Palazzo dei Priori Sala della Vaara July 6, 2007 IUGG Counil July 6, 2007 from 04:00 PM to 07:00 PM - Retorate Room VIII IUGG Geo Risk Bureau Meeting July 6, 2007 from 12:00 AM to 02:00 PM - Retorate Room V IUGG National German Committee of IUGG July 6, 2007 from 06:00 PM to 08:00 PM - Retorate Room V IAGA Conferene of Delegates July 6, 2007 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Retorate Room VII IAG Exeutive Committee July 6, 2007 from 08:30 AM to 10:00 AM - Department of Eduation Room 4 IAPSO Exeutive Committee July 6, 2007 from 12:30 AM to 02:00 PM - Aademy of Fine Arts Room 16 July 7, 2007 IUGG Sientifi Committee on Solar- Terrestrial Physis Bureau Meeting July 7, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Giò Arte e Vini Main Hall July 7, 2007 from 02:30 PM to 06:00 PM - Giò Arte e Vini Main Hall IAGA Exeutive Committee July 7, 2007 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Retorate Room VII IAG Trend in Siene and Spae Tehonology in Earth and Planetary Survey July 7, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:30 AM - University for Foreigners Main Hall IAPSO SCOR W.G.121 July 7, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Palazzo dei Priori Sala Rossa IASPEI International Sismologial Centre Exeutive Committee July 7, 2007 from 09:00 AM to 12:00 AM - Retorate Dessau Hall July 7, 2007 from 02:00 PM to 06:00 PM - Retorate Dessau Hall Produed and edited by Alessia Apie Other ontributions from Maria Eva Rossi, Maria Elisa Ferrante, Maria Paola Montisi, Denise Di Capua, Rita Rossetti Graphi design: Maro Vergoni press@iugg2007perugia.it A varied soial program has been defined and made available for aompanying persons. The wonderful ultural and natural resoures of the ity and its surrounding towns (Rome, Florene, Siena, Assisi, Spello, Orvieto, Spoleto and others) will be some of the destination sites. The program will also inlude ultural ativities and typial gourmet ourses. Anient hand works: this ourse on medieval trades intends to onvey the typial medieval atmosphere of our ountry: the paper-maker; the weaver, the painter, the wax-maker. Artistial Ceramis ourse: The ourse is divided in theory, where methods of working the potter s wheel will be shown and pratie, where many objets will be deorated. Cookery ourse: The University of Flavours and the Shool of Nourishment is loated in a historial building in the entre of Perugia. A brief theoretial and pratial ourse will show how to prepare typial traditional Umbrian dishes. Perugia and Jazz: Perugia Umbria Jazz is by now one of the most important jazz festivals. All day long there are onerts along the streets and it is impossible to not stop, listen and dane to the musi. Art History: a total of eight hours are being sheduled (4 hours in the morning with multi medial lessons and 4 in the afternoon) with tours of the ity, at the National Gallery, at the arhibishop s palae. These ourses will deal with historial periods relating to the history of the ity of Perugia and Umbria. Set designing and landsape: a total number of 8 hours are sheduled for this ourse (4 in the morning with multi medial lessons and 4 in the afternoon with tours of parks and historial villas, et). The ourse will fous on the historial landsape, villas, parks et. as déor elements. Arhiteture and the ity: a total number of 8 hours are sheduled (4 in the morning with multi medial lessons and 4 in the afternoon with visits of the sites of the ity). The ourse fouses on the historial ity and modern ity with its landsape and its perspetive view. Ceramis: a total number of 14 hours are sheduled (4 hours times 2 in the morning and 4 times 2 in the afternoon). During these theoretial lessons, films will be shown, the partiipants will reate a piee of work with the raku tehnique; in the afternoon a visit to the Regional Museum of Ceramis in Deruta is sheduled. Digital photography: a total of 18 hours are sheduled (6 hours/ 3 mornings) The inreasing use of digital instruments has been hanging how graphis, photography and video experts work in their fields. This ourse offers information of digital photography by means of Adobe photography and the most effiient methodology to orretly reate the post prodution of images. The ourses will be held in lass with slide presentations and study and reative ativities both in laboratory and outdoor. Theory: digital photography and its evolution Pratie: pratiing photography in the ity Photoshop CS3 Extended: advaned tehniques to hoose and omplex images. Color orretion of images. Methods to orret and retouhing portraits. Drawing and artisti anatomy: a total of 18 hours are sheduled (6 hours per 3 mornings). The theoretial lessons will deal with hand drawing with live models and real objets. The partiipant will draw using various tehniques. Engraving tehniques: a total of 18 hours are sheduled (6 hours per 3 mornings). The theory will deal with basi tehniques of engraving, inking and printing. The partiipant will reate an engraved plate on linoleum with ink and printing. Info:

4 International Assoiation for the Physial Sienes of the Oeans (IAPSO) The International Assoiation for the Physial Sienes of the Oeans (IAPSO) is onerned with global and regional natural proesses affeting the world s oeans and seas. In that regard, we interat with the International Assoiation for Meteorology and Atmospheri Sienes (partiularly in regard to the oeans effet on limate); the International Assoiation of Geodesy (with respet to issues suh as sea level); the International Assoiation of Hydrologial Sienes (partiularly at the land-sea interfae); and the Union Commission on Cryospheri Sienes (in regard to issues suh as sea ie, and effets on limate). With also interat with the International Assoiation of Biologial Sienes (in regard to proesses affeting biologial produtivity); UNESCO s Intergovernmental Oeanographi Commission; and the Sientifi Committee on Oeani Researh (SCOR) of the International Counil of Siene (ICSU). There are several joint SCOR/IAPSO Working Groups, two of whih, the Working Group on Oean Mixing, and the Working Group on Deep Oean Exhange with the Shelf, are meeting in onjuntion with the IUGG General Assembly. As part of the IUGG General Assembly, IAPSO has the lead in three joint symposia, and is onvening 12 separate IAPSO symposia. The largest of these is a joint symposium on Interannual and Interdeadal Climate Variability. Other symposia are related to topi areas suh as variability of Antarti irulation and water masses, arti oean proesses, oean mixing, flows and waves in straits, new insights into the oean and its irulation, proesses in oeani fronts, abrupt limate hange, biogeohemal fluxes between the shelf and open seas, impat of arbon dioxide hanges, and environmental ontrols on marine biota. Two symposia are of partiular regional interest, biogeohemial budget and yles in the Mediterranean Sea, and Mediterranean irulation and limate. IAPSO is also o-sponsoring a number of joint symposia led by other assoiations onerned with topis that relate to the oeans. It may be noted that Italy has a long history of assoiation with IAPSO. Prof. G. Magrini from Italy served as the first seretary of IAPSO s predeessor, IUGG s Setion of Physial Oeanography, from its organization in 1919 to 1929, and ontinued as a member of the Assoiation s Exeutive Committee from 1929 until his death in Prof. Paola Rizzoli, originally from Perugia (now on the faulty of MIT in the USA), has been a member of the IAPSO Exeutive Committee sine 1995, serving as President from 1999 to 2003, and is serving as the Chair of the Sientifi Program Committee for the present IUGG General Assembly. Fred E. Camfield, General Seretary IAPSO

5 University for Foreigners of Perugia Italy s ambassador in the world Every year approximately 2,500 Italian students and 5,000 foreign students of more than 100 different nationalities meet up, get to know eah other and study together at the University for Foreigners Perugia, in a unique training dimension in Italy. Born at the beginning of the Twenties of the last entury with the objetive of teahing the ivilisation and artisti patrimony of Italy to foreigners, this University has been haraterised right from the beginning as a symbol of opening and tolerane and a meeting point for populations of different ultures, now transformed into a real laboratory of interultural training. Its exlusive identity is urrently represented by the speialist voation of teahing Italian as a seond language and everything that goes with it suh as art, literature and the eonomi and prodution system. Its institutional responsibility is to ontribute towards the promotion of the Italian language and ulture throughout the world and to favour greater awareness of diversities. Sine 1921, the year the ourses started, the University for Foreigners has welomed tens of thousands of students and teahers from every part of the world and it has reahed (with a widespread apaity of distribution and penetration) Italian teahing entres abroad and the areas in whih, due to the reovery of historial memories or due to a more reent attration, Italy and Italian are subjet to strong sientifi and ultural interest. Sine 1992 this extraordinary experiene of internationalisation has been enhaned and ompleted in terms of teahing, with the introdution of degree ourses and speialization and postgraduate degrees for Italian students also. The University for Foreigners Perugia urrently offers a very rih and artiulated teahing system within the Faulty of Italian Language and Culture: Italian language and ulture ourses for foreigners, refresher and training ourses for teahers of Italian as a seond language, first and seond level degree ourses for Italian and foreign students in the fields of teahing and promotion of the Italian language and ulture and international ommuniation and publiity. Postgraduate degree ourses omplete the offer. The servies offered by the Athenaeum for free time satisfy the demands of international students and are organised with the objetive of allowing youngsters studying at the University for Foreigners to get to know and experiment with the most harateristi aspets of Italian ivilization and way of life, favouring integration in the ity. The building of the University for Foreigners, Palazzo Gallenga, is very lose to the three Buildings Prosiutti, Orvieto and Lupattelli, whih are loated in the splendid urban park of Santa Margherita and are loated in the heart of a building omplex that enhanes the strutures destined for teahing and researh. The Athenaeum is loated in Perugia, one of the most interesting ities in Italy in terms of its artisti, historial and monumental patrimony. Loated in entral Italy, between Rome and Florene, Perugia is the protagonist of a lively and modern ultural present haraterised by a rih annual agenda of events and exhibitions, that allow for a pleasant stay every month of the year. COURSES ON OFFER ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE COURSES The Italian Language and ulture ourses - The ourses are divided into 3 stages: Beginner s, Intermediate and Advaned ourse, eah of whih has two levels.- Refresher and Training Courses for Teahers of Italian L2 - Refresher Course for Teahers of Italian abroad- Teahing Methodology Refresher Courses for Italian Teahers - Advaned Courses in Humanities and Speialization Courses - Contemporary Italian Language - History of Art- Etrusan and Itali Studies. DEGREE COURSES 3 year Bahelor degree ourses - Teahing of the Italian Language and Culture to Foreigners (ILIS) - Promotion of the Italian Language and Culture throughout the World (PLIM) - International Communiation (COMINT) - Advertising Tehniques (TEP) - 2 year Master degree ourses - Italian for Cultural and Enterprise Intermediation (ItICI) - Italian Culture and Language in Situations of Contat (LISCON) - Publiity Communiation and Strategi Design - Soial Communiation and Publiity - Communiation Systems and International Relations (RELINT) POSTGRADUATE DEGREES 1st level Postgraduate degree - Teahing Italian to non Native Speakers - Radio-Programme Speaking - 2nd level Postgraduate degree - Language and Teahing of Italian as a Foreign Language - Communiating with the United Nations: Instruments for Peae and the Protetion of Human Rights - Internationalization and Communiations in Mediterranean Prodution Systems

6 N R P S P H H Art&Museums The Etrusan well Museum of doors and ity walls Water has always been a problem for the ity of Perugia and it has had to fae many hardships to look for a solution sine the Etrusan era. The Etrusans were onsidered the maestros of hydraulis ; in fat, they had an advaned tehnique in researh, in exploiting and in hanneling water. Those times isterns and wells were built to ollet water in ase of a siege. Piazza IV november - you have seen it during the opening eremony - represents the politial, religious and urban enter of the ity and its fulrum is the fountain Maggiore built for the very reason to ollet water. It was in fat built as a terminal to the new aquedut whih brought water from the soures of Monte Paiano to the enter of the ity under the supervision of Frà Bevignate and the works of Niola and Giovanni Pisano. It is an allegorial monument in whih water is a soure of life. The sulptures whih adorn it represent universal knowledge, history and the life of humanity. The different rafts of man are represented suh as, the months of the year, the horosope, the episodes of the sulptures and Esopo s fables, the gryphon and the lion whih are symbols of Perugia. A piee of uriosity: among the sulptures the one dediated to the month of May represents love. There is a man and a woman. The first is a young knight who is riding his horse holding flowers as a sign of his love for the young woman. The woman is riding a more tamed horse and is holding a hawk. It is a known aid for hunting. It is really she who has hosen. The Etrusan well is not very far form the piazza. Its name, Sorbello, derives from the family who owned it. It is loated underneath the Palazzo of the same name where there was one the basement. The well is 37 meters deep with a diameter of 6 to 3 meters. It is a very powerful hydrauli work. It was originally built to be a istern and then it was enlarged to ollet water from the soures and used as publi reservoir. It an hold in fat 424 ubi meters of water. You an visit it by following a stairase whih ends on a path that leads into the well- the walls are built with square bloks where the rings that the ropes left an still be seen. The original supports of the over are a very interesting arhitetoni omponent. On the bottom of this oating you an still see alphabetial signs whih remind us of the insriptions seen on ity walls. On the outside you an see the 1500 work built to protet the well. The ity wall was built around III BC when Peruiga was experiening great prosperous period; it represents a prestigious historial monument whih surrounds the ity on a hill. Before following the ity walls you must see the Museum of the doors and walls. The museum has a suggestive and panorami view of all the major medieval doors. Porta San Angelo, a military struture built in the XIII entury. On the inside a didati itinerary whih testifies the urban development through its doors: Etrusan, medieval and renaissane. Go to the roof and enjoy the view. Rita Rossetti Useful information: Etrusan well: Piazza Danti 18, Telephone , Hours / Closed on Mondays Museo delle Porte e delle Mura Urbihe: Corso Garibaldi, Tel hours / N I N p w n A l B b o T f I I t. T N m T w t P N t C C P u

7 TODAY WE RE GOING TO NORCIA CASTELLUCCIO DI NORCIA GUBBIO oria is a little anient ity that developed its ulture thanks to the Etrusan people. n 290 BC Rome onquered it and in 268 gave itizenship to its people. oria experiened a fantasti period under emeror Vespasiano, then in III entury Christianity ere spread by San Feliiano, bishop of Foligo. bout in 480 AC, San Benedetto and Santa Soastia were born in Noria. etween VII and IX entury Noria was onquered y north European populations. They aused lot f depredations and murders. he History of Noria was haraterized by a ontinuous searh of freedom and autonomy, so, amous were the battles against Spoleto. n 1484 Noria beame part of Perugia. n 1524 the whole territory was infeted by a pesilene. The Population asked the Pope for help he following enturies were not good ones for oria, so that at the beginning of XX entury any people emigrated to the United States. he anient part of the ity is belt by, heart-shaped alls. There are the eight doors and medieval owers as well. orta Massari or Asolana was one the main aess beause it led to Sabina and Pieno, areas oria had ommerial relation with. In the north of the ity, lose to Porta Palatina, here is a rampant lion on a tower, the most anient symbol of the Muniipality (1291). oming from Porta Romana and walking along orso Sertorio, you arrive at San Benedetto lae, where you an admire the homonym state. oria egion Umbria rovine Perugia urfae 274 km2 opulation oly Protetor San Benedetto oliday 21st of May, 11th of July FIELD TRIPS Gubbio/Frasassi Caves (Full day): 4th and 11th of July Departure from Piazza Partigiani at 9 a.m. Return to Piazza Partigiani at 7 p.m. For booking please ontat th and 13th of July (Full day): Departure from Piazza dei Partigiani at 9 a.m. Return to Piazza dei Partigiani at 7 p.m. For booking please ontat The exat origins of Castelluio are unknown, but we an ertainly say that men settled there a few enturies ago. The history of Castelluio and its development are stritly linked to grazing. A large plae welomes tourists that arrive in Castelluio. Going up on the hill you arrive in the anient village: the ruins of an old building of XVI entury. From there, you an see a little plae with S. Maria Assunta Churh of It s the most important historial and artisti monument of Castelluio. Houses have little windows and their walls are painted with holy figures made by eramis. EVENTS Between the end of May and the first days of July in Castelluio there is Blooming. For several weeks all around it is full of olours, from yellow to red. Many kinds of flowers every year make the fields beautiful: gentians, daffodils, violets, poppies, ranunulus, asphodels, lovers, shamroks and many more. TYPICAL PRODUCTS The inhabitants of Castelluio all it Lénta and it is the representative produts of this little ity. Lentihia (lentils) is an annual plant that lives from May to August. Its partiular flavour, its little dimensions, biologial ultivation makes it a preious produt. NATURAL PARKS In this territory, in 1993, The National Park Monti Sibillini, was inaugurated to protet the environment and promote an eonomi-soial development of the area. Wolf, Royal Eagle, Pilgrim Hawk and several types of animals testify a great biologial rihness. It seems that time stopped to give homage to suh a beautiful reality. Lentil Stew Ingredients: 300 grams (approx ounes) of Castelluio lentils 50 grams (approx. 1.8 ounes) of strip panetta half of a Tropea red onion extra virgin olive oil 4 peeled plum tomatoes 1.5 quarts of meat stok salt and pepper Plae the thinly-slied half of an onion in a pan with extra virgin olive oil. Fry it lightly, then add the ubed panetta. After about 5 minutes, add the raw lentils (after having arefully washed them). Mix and add the peeled plum tomatoes. Mix and add a little broth. Let it ook for about two hours, gradually adding more broth and adding salt and pepper to taste. Serve hot with rostini on the side. Gubbio is an anient ity of Umbria. Founded by Umbrian people, Ikuvium or Iguvium was onsidered an important entre for its ommere. Gubbio attained Roman itizenship in 89 BC: it beame Muniipium. Then, it was given to the Churh and started to enlarge its boundaries: this poliy put Gubbio in onflit with Perugia. After a hard war against Perugia, during XIII entury Gubbio experiened a long period of peae. In the following enturies Gubbio had some internal onflits between Guelfi and Ghibellini. In 1860 Gubbio was annexed to Italy and then to Perugia Provine. CULTURE AND MUSEUMS Palazzo dei Consoli was built in XIV entury by ity government. From 1901 there is the Civi Museum, where you an find some anient arhaeologial rests. Other plaes of interest are Museo Dioesano, Museo della Chiesa S. Maria Nuova, Museo della Torre di Porta Romana. EVENTS AND TRADITIONS Every year in May the Ceri Rae Festival takes plae. It s one of the most unusual popular religious events in Italy. It is imbued with strong mystial emotion whih fasinates the publi. The Ceri are three giganti wooden strutures weighing about 400 kilos eah, surmounted by statues of St. Ubaldo, St. Giorgio and St. Antonio. Youths arry them on their shoulders from the histori part of the town to the top of Mount Ingino, where the basilia of the patron stands. The last Sunday of May is sheduled the Palio della Balestra, in honour of its patron: Sant Ubaldo. From 2004 Gubbio hosts the event alled Altroioolato. Gubbio is famous for the biggest Christmas Tree in the world. Gubbio Region Umbria Provine Perugia Surfae 525 km 2 Population Holy Protetor Sant Ubaldo Holiday 16 th of May FRASASSI CAVES The Frasassi Caves were disovered in 1948 by Gruppo Speleologio marhigiano di Anona. This group of speleologists made several explorations and disoveries of other aves and galleries. The most famous Cave is the Big Cave of the Wind disovered in Then, the River Cave was disovered as well. Genga Muniipality and Provine of Anona thought of reating the Consortium Frasassi, with the aim to exploit and to protet the aves. From 1974 Fassassi Caves are open for tourists that an admire this wonderful sight. How to reah it Motorway A14 (Bologna-Canosa) From Anona North, exit Genga- Sassoferrato Train Anona-Roma Station: Genga - S.Vittore Terme

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