To optimize Wake Vortex separations. Fabrice ORLANDI THALES AIR SYSTEMS

Transcription

1 To optimize Wake Vortex separations Fabrice ORLANDI THALES AIR SYSTEMS

2 To optimize Wake Vortex separations 21/10/ London

3 3 / 22 UFO OPERATIONAL GOALS UFO is studying dedicated Wind sensors compliant with future Airport Weather operations requirements Safety margin of Wake-Vortex Separations are dependent of Wind/EDR assessment accuracy (Wind for WV transport, EDR for WV decay), UFO has improved the update rate and the accuracy of Wind/EDR assessment: to optimize this Safety Margin and to generate Alert in case of abrupt changes of wind /EDR conditions UFO did also improve other wind hazards ultra-fast monitoring capabilities: Low Level Wind-Shear. Safety Margin & Wind/EDR

4 4 / 22 UFO Organization WP6000 Management TR6 WP6100 TR6 WP6200 TR6 EC Coordinator Project Manager TR6 Supervisory Board With SESAR (& EUROCONTROL) P6.8.1 P8.1.6 P11.2 P Research Needs Project Office WP1000 TSA WP2000 UCL WP3000 DWD WP4000 TR6 WP5000 NLR Advanced Sensors Technologies Study Processing, Modelling and Design tools development for sensors Data Fusion and Resource management Field test and validation Requirements and Safety Case WP1100 TSA WP2100 UCL WP3100 TR6 WP4100 TR6 WP5100 NLR WP1200 LEOSPHERE WP2200 ONERA WP3200 DWD WP4200 DWD WP5200 TR6 WP2300 TUB WP5300 NLR

5 5 / 22 A situation to be improved Airports become congested Number of airports at >90% of runway capacity (IATA) : Today : 6 : 2020 : 63 : 2030 : 125 Wake vortex separations are a bottleneck for airport capacity Defined in 70 s they are considered as over conservative Only based on 4 aircraft weight categories Independent from weather Progress made in sensors and computer power allows reducing current wake separations Refinement of categories to stick to aircraft characteristics Wake vortex wind and air turbulence modeling Wake vortex, wind and air turbulence monitoring Wake vortex separations reduction could increase airport capacity

6 6 / 22 How to reduce safely wake vortex separations STATIC separations improvement Taking into account aircraft type characteristics Two steps planned : RECAT 1 : 6 categories instead of 4, by splitting in two the Heavy category and the Medium category : RECAT 2 : 9000 aircraft types grouped in 100 categories then refined airport by airport to cope with each airport traffic mix. As RECAT 2 will be optimized for the airport traffic mix, the capacity gain will be higher. This capacity gain will be assessed with a specific safety and cost/benefit assessment. A tool showing the separation between aircraft could be used for RECAT1 and shall be used for RECAT2 Dynamic separations improvement Time Based Separation (TBS) for arrivals. Has been validated within SESAR. Will be deployed in 15 European airports by Weather Dependent Separation (WDS). Will be validated in Deployment could occur jointly with TBS deployment. ICAO groups both TBS and WDS in RECAT3 concept. Europe decided to follow a more step by step approach (validation of TBS first, WDS later) Wake vortex separations reduction will increase airport capacity

7 7 / 22 ICAO Roadmap RECAT1 RECAT2 RECAT3

8 8 / 22 Static Separation : RECAT 1 EU ICAO Doc 4444 Procedure (4 categories) RECAT 1 EU (6 Categories)

9 RECAT 1 is already deployed in 15 airport in USA. Is just deployed in Paris CDG and will be deployed largely in Europe 9 / 22 Separation Gain of RECAT 1 EU versus ICAO Doc4444 Separation Gain of RECAT 1 Europe for Arrivals versus ICAO Doc 4444 Separation Gain of RECAT 1 Europe for Departures versus ICAO Doc 4444

10 10 / 22 RECAT 2: Pairwise separation on more than 100 categories RECAT 2 will be tuned to take advantage of each airport traffic mix. A related cost/benefit assessment and a safety case will have to be performed

11 11 / 22 Dynamic separation: Time Based Separation concept

12 12 / 22 TBS concept

13 13 / 22 ORD : Optimized Runway Delivery Indicator advices ( Separation / ORD) WVAS - ORD Details Runway 27L Leader AFR827 Follower BAW737 Required distance/time ORD (Compression buffer) Runway 27L Leader AFR827 Follower BAW737 Required distance/time Reduced ORD (Compression buffer) Runway 27L Leader AFR827 Follower BAW737 Required distance/time Almost completely compressed ORD

14 14 / Time Based Separation Validation Exercise - 3 Traffic samples - 3 Weather conditions - TBS or DBS rules - RECAT or ICAO separations - Approach and Tower controllers - Pseudo Pilots - 1 week full time trials (Oct 2014) - System and Human performance assessment This validation demonstrated that the TBS concept allows to recover almost the whole loss of capacity in case of strong headwind A video related to this validation exercise can be found here: F7dhdP0

15 15 / 22 Weather Dependant Separation concept Weather Dependent Separation TBS continuation. Will take into account the global wind, and especially the crosswind Will allow a large capacity gain in favourable weather conditions Validation will be performed in February 2016

16 16 / 22 THALES Radar/Lidar sensors suite Collaborative Resources management Collaborative modes between Radar and Lidar according to weather conditions THALES Radar/Lidar Sensors have been calibrated based on: Radar/Lidar Sensors simulators mixing EM/EO models and Fluid Mech. Models Collaboration with AIRBUS on flight trials at Toulouse Airport within UFO These sensors are operational to: Develop a Wake-Vortex Database Feed Safety Cases for RECAT deployment Support Airport Capacity study These trial campaigns pave the way for upgraded operational systems deployment The THALES sensors suite is the best existing tool to support RECAT 1 & 2 deployment and to prepare weather dependant airport capacity improvement

17 17 / 22 THALES Radar/Lidar sensors suite Radar/Lidar Combination X-band Radar in Wet /Foggy conditions 1.5 micron Lidar in Dry Conditions 3D scanner capabilities Multi-function sensors (modes interleaving) : Detection of wake-vortex (positions scanned every 7.5 s) : Wake-Vortex Strength Retrieval (Circulation in m 2 /s) : Wind that induces Wake-Vortex Transport : Air turbulence by EDR (Eddy Dissipation Rate) that induces Wake-Vortex Decay : Rain Rate (Radar) for ground segment of ROT Additional functions Wind-Shear Wind Burst / Microburst

18 18 / 22 THALES Radar/Lidar sensors suite Previous trial campaign allowed to define the adequate set of sensors Lidar and X Band radar are complementary They must be multifunctions (Wake vortex and Weather monitoring) We developped remote controlled sensors compliant with needs We setup an automatic data processing chain At the end of 2015, we will have the required set (sensors and related data processing chain) to support RECAT and/or TBS deployment on any airport

19 19 / 22 UFO measurements synthesis example (DWD)

20 20 / 22 Example of charges/fees for CHANGI & ADP airports REVENUE* FEES application for 3 aircrafts type CHANGI : 1911 M S$ (~1146 M ) Airport fees: 609 M S$ (~ 365 M ) Movement /year : (~900/day) ~ revenue per slot :per year : 407 k ADP : 2640 M Airport fees: 867 M Movement / year : (Orly+CDG) ~ revenue per slot :per year : 438 k Average fee per slot is not the best way to value a slot slot revenue is depending of aircraft type & PAX number CHANGI : ADP : Fees between Changi & ADP are moreless the same for large aircrafts * : source 2012 financial statement Additional slots for large aircraft are generating important fees with direct impact on commercial airport activities, allowing a quick ROI for wake vortex separation improvement systems

21 Questions?

22