The Suez Canal Crisis. By: Nikki, Michael, Taylor, Kylee, Danica, and Michaela.

Transcription

1 The Suez Canal Crisis By: Nikki, Michael, Taylor, Kylee, Danica, and Michaela.

2 Timeline 1953: Nasser introduces blockades/restricts Israeli commerce July 26th: Nasser announces nationalization of the Canal August 1st: Talks about the Canal are held between Britain, France, and the US... July 19th, 1956: America and Britain decide not to finance the Aswan High Dam July 28th: Egyptian assets in London frozen by the British October 29th: Israeli paratroops drop on Sinai

3 October 30th: Anglo-French ultimatum issued to Israel and Egypt, Egypt rejects it... November 5th: Port Fuad and Port Said captured by the French and British November 8th: Hostilities end March 1st, 1957: Israel agrees to withdraw from Sinai and the Gaza Strip October 31st: Canal zone attacked by Anglo-French forces/israel occupies Gaza Strip & points of the Sinai peninsula November 6th: Financial pressure from the US forces a ceasefire March 21st-22nd: UN peacekeepers arrive/anglo-french forces leave Sources: and Fraser text

4 Perspectives and Key Players

5 Ben- Gurion Prime Minister of Israel, two terms, Israel had won the 1948 War which enhanced his position. Spent his time dealing with the threat of attacks from Arab nations. Since the 1948 War they had avoided conflict, however there was an atmosphere of tension. Until then, the Gaza had been Israel's troublesome frontier. In February 1955, Israeli army attacked Egyptian military outposts in the Gaza. Because Nasser threatened Western interests in the Suez Canal, Ben-Gurion began secret talks with Britain and France about striking the Sinai.

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7 NASSER 1952 Nasser distinguished himself in the war Became president Champion of Arab Nationalism 1953 Blockade on Israeli Shipping Through Canal Egyptian Coast Guards Intercepted Ships Restricted Commerce through straits

8 Nasser Cont Suez Canal Nationalized Surprised the Whole World Britain, France, Israel plotted to overthrow Nasser The canal was a shameful reminder of Egypt's colonial past

9 Britain and France Desire to control the Canal 1956 French and British overtook Suez Canal 16th Independent Parachute Brigade Group: British group to strike against Egypt Planned an attack with Israel Within ten days they controlled the Suez Region Rest of the world shunned Britain and France for their actions in the crisis

10 President Eisenhower Dwight Eisenhower was born October 14th 1890, in a small town in Texas. He grew to be a successful military commander and the 34th president of the United States. His moderate republican policies helped make him very popular. While he is known for being a very strong leader he disliked dealing with issues involving racial equality and he had a very indirect way of dealing with the political issues he faced.

11 Key Battles

12 The Plan Worked out by 3 prime ministers Initial attack Oct. 29 Dayan's Troops Advanced into Sinai Britain & France would issue ultimatum to Israel and Egypt British bombers destroyed air force and disrupt communications and military capabilities Anglo-French paratroopers into Cyprus and Seaborne forces into Malta

13 How the Battle Actually Occurred Oct 29th 4 pronged advance 2 aimed at the canal third and fourth seal off Gaza Strip and seal off Sharm al Sheik October 31st British and French bombers began air attacks Nasser retaliated sinking ships to block canal Israel had overrun part of Sinai Peninsula United Nations entered picture 30th of Oct Nov 6 Britain had yet to yield

14 What the Soviets Thought of Outcome Suez Crisis = windfall British and French were digging their own graves in Middle East U.S seemed to be doing their best to help British and French main losers in Suez Affair Suez became another Dien Bien Phu Nasser clearly became Master of Suez Canal

15 The Final Outcome... Parties: Arabs- Nasser's nationalism= a success, won canal, gained hero status. Israelis- under pressure to withdraw, evacuated most territories conquered from Egypt and Nov 15th UNEF (United Nations Emergency Force) replaced troops, last territories were evacuated in Gaza Strip and east coast of Sinai Peninsula to Straits of Tiran (upon U.S. guarantee of right to free passage in the Gulf of Aqaba), and gaurantee of UNEF

16 The Final Outcome (cont.) British & French- lost sway in Mid. East, low moral, abandoned by strongest Mid. East ally, basically lost. Realized no longer a world power in the Middle East. United States- Anglo-French world politics depend on U.S. decisions suddenly. Overview: Egypt won, Anglo-French lost, U.S. could not help Brit/French, and Israel lost the gained territory but U.S. guarantees.

17 Credits and Sources Stoessinger, John. Why Nations Go to War. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Print. History 20th Century Wolrd: Authortiarian and Single-Party States Fraser text