Part 5 War between France and Great Britain

Transcription

1 Part 5 War between France and Great Britain The objects of colonial rivalries PAGE 117 France Wanted to control the fur trade Expand their territory Great Britain Wanted to control the fur trade Expand their territory Needed space for new colonists 1

2 Conflicts in Europe and their consequences in North America PAGE 117 The War of the League of Augsburg ( ) The War of Spanish Succession ( ) The War of Austrian Succession ( ) The Seven Years War ( ) The War of the Conquest ( ) What would daily life been like in New France for someone born in 1680? PAGE 117 2

3 The War of the League of Augsburg ( ) Reason for Conflict: England wanted to end conquests of Louis XIV North American Action: French and Indigenous allies attacked Thirteen Colonies using guerrilla warfare English laid unsuccessful siege to cities of Quebec and Montreal Results: The Rijswijk Treaty (1697) ended war No territorial change for New France PAGE 118 Guerrilla Warfare A military strategy that uses hit and run attacks to create a sense of insecurity in the enemy. Led successful French expeditions against the English in Newfoundland, Montreal and Acadia The War of Spanish Succession ( ) PAGE 119 Reason for Conflict: England and France disagreed over who should be king in Spain North American Action: In 1711, English land army advanced on Montreal English fleet sailed to Quebec Part of the fleet sunk, the land army abandoned the attack Results: The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the war France surrendered part of Acadia to Great Britain France recognized British ownership of Hudson s Bay and Newfoundland 3

4 PAGE 119 The War of Austrian Succession ( ) PAGE 119 Reason for Conflict: England and France disagreed over who should be king of Austria North American Action: British captured Louisbourg in 1745 Results: Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty (1748) ended conflict Fortress of Louisbourg returned to France Everybody knows dat I am ze only king of Austria! 4

5 The Seven Year s War ( ) and the War of the Conquest ( ) PAGE 120 First conflict to begin in North America 1754 French and British clashed in Ohio Valley 1756 Conflict spread to: Europe, West Indies, Africa and Asia In North America, this conflict led to the conquest of New France by Great Britain in 1760 Video Overview! The deportation of the Acadians (1755) PAGE 121 Under Treaty of Utrecht (1713), part of Acadia was surrendered to British 1749 Halifax (British colony) was founded 1755 British deported Acadians for 2 reasons 1. Were worried Acadians would help the French during war 2. Wanted to promote British immigration by offering Acadian lands for settlement Deportation The expulsion of an individual from his or her country forcing them to settle somewhere else. 5

6 Balance of power In 1756, France and Great Britain wanted different things France wanted power in Europe Great Britain wanted power in North America PAGE 122 Based on this data, who wins? 6

7 The capture of Louisbourg (1758) July 26, 1758, Fortress of Louisbourg was forced to capitulate From this point on, the British controlled access to the St. Lawrence PAGE 122 The siege of the city of Quebec (1759) PAGE 123 Spring of 1759, British fleet advanced on city of Quebec British general, James Wolfe, lay siege to the city with men (30000 marines, 9000 soldiers) City was heavily bombarded French tried to protect the city by setting up a line of defence between the city and the Chute Montmorency July 31, Wolfe attacked this line, but lost the battle 7

8 The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759) The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, 1759 PAGE 124 On September 13, 1759, at night, British troops, led by General Wolfe climbed the rough terrain up to the Plaines d Abraham In the morning, General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm attacked Wolfe s army without his full forces The battle was short, but claimed both Montcalm s and Wolfe s lives The British won the battle The city of Quebec capitulated and the British took possession of the city James Wolfe 8

9 The Battle of Sainte-Foy (1760) PAGE 125 In the spring of 1760, the French tried to recapture the city of Quebec, but failed The British met the French army outside of the city in Sainte-Foy The French won the battle, but the British retreated inside the city of Quebec Both armies waited for resupply British supplies arrived in May, and all French hope was lost! 9