Historic Environment Assessment for the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire.

Transcription

1 Historic Environment Assessment for the Civil Parish of Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire. APPENDICIES Appendix A: Gazetteer of Historic Sites in Croxton Kerrial & Branston as Listed in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) January Appendix B: Previously Unrecorded Archaeological Sites & Monuments Located during Fieldwork. To be submitted for inclusion in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) Appendix C: Results of Geophysical Survey Employing Magnetometry Techniques on Three Sites in the Village of Croxton Kerrial. Appendix D: Conservation Area Designation Statements for the Villages of Croxton Kerrial and Branston 1

2 Appendix A: Gazetteer of Historic Sites in Croxton Kerrial & Branston as Listed in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) January Structure This gazetteer lists all sites, monuments and archaeological find spots in the of Croxton Kerrial & Branston which were recorded in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) as of January The gazetteer is based on data and mapping provided by Leicestershire County Council s Historic and Natural Environment Team with additional observations and photographs by the authors based on fieldwork and other research. It is in two parts: Part 1 is a three maps showing the distribution of sites, monuments and archaeological find spots: Map 1 shows Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. Map 2 shows Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. Map 3 shows Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial Part 2 is a listing of all the sites known in the parish and which are shown on the maps. The gazetteer listing is ordered following the numerical sequence of HER numbers used by the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record. This regrettably means that sites, monuments and findspots of wildly different ages can be found juxtaposed in the gazetteer. This is offset by the ease of locating the descriptions for the sites shown on the HER Maps and the ability to add additional sites. Previously unrecorded sites located through this study are listed in Appendix B pending their registration on the LHER and the granting of HER numbers. For the purposes of communication within this study they have been given an arbitrary number prefixed with TEMP. Within the main document sites of similar ages have been grouped in a series of tables and discussed in approximate chronological order. Given the small number of records some very broad time periods are used: Early Prehistoric: o Palaeolithic (c.700,000 10,000 BP) o Mesolithic (c.10,000 6,000 BP Later Prehistoric: o Neolithic (c BP) o Bronze Age o Iron Age Roman: o Romano-British o Roman Post Roman, Anglo Saxon & Norse Mediaeval (c AD) Post-Mediaeval (c AD) Early Modern and Industrial Revolution (c AD) Modern (20 th Century) (c AD present) 2

3 Appendix A Part 1: The Maps Map 1: Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. Page 4 Map 2: Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. Page 5 Map 3: Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial Page 6 3

4 Map 1 Prehistoric and Roman archaeological remains. 4

5 Map 2 Anglo-Saxon to modern archaeological remains. 5

6 Map 3 Historic Buildings in the villages of Branston and Croxton Kerrial 6

7 Appendix A Part 2: The Gazetteer Note that the majority of photographs have been removed from this version to enable relatively rapid download. The illustrated Gazetteer will be presented on the Parish Council website. 7

8 MLE3390 Lynchet earthworks west of Knipton Reservoir SK83SW Centred SK (442m by 268m) LYNCHET (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) There are terraces or lynchets surviving in pasture on steep slopes around the west side of the reservoir. Additional Information Old SMR Ref: 83SW AR ELE1044: West of Knipton Reservoir: R.F.Hartley SHINE: Medieval lynchet earthworks west of Knipton Reservoir MLE3551 Enclosure north of Terrace Hill Farm Centred SK (110m by 133m) RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Iron Age BC to 42 AD) SITE? (Early Roman - 43 AD to 249 AD) A large rectangular enclosure with rounded corners and an entrance on the east side, together with other fainter marks - possibly a field system - noted from aerial photographs. Fieldwalking in 1978 recovered Roman pottery and a few sherds of Iron Age. Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p44-45 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. Additional Information SHERD (Medium quantity) (Early Roman - 43 AD to 249 AD) SHERD (Small quantity) (Iron Age BC to 42 AD) 8

9 ELE1099: 1978 fieldwalking survey, north of Terrace Hill Farm: R F Hartley SHINE: Iron Age to early Roman settlement cropmarks north of Terrace Hill Farm MLE3552 Multiple ditch system - King Lud's Entrenchment Sproxton / SK82NE Centred SK (1364m by 226m) MULTIPLE DITCH SYSTEM (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age BC? to 401 BC?) A double-ditched, triple banked earthwork surviving under trees, continued west by parish boundaries. It appears to be a boundary feature relating to 'The Drift' and is believed to be either Saxon or more probably Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age date. ( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6" 1959 ( 2) Hist & Ants. of Leicestershire Vol. 2, pt. 1, (1795) p. 305 and plate 53, fig. 1. (J. Nichols) ( 3) VCH Rutland Vol. 1 (1907), pp 271-2, 274, and fig ( 4) Ancient Earthworks in Leicestershire. p. 11 (1914) (E. A. Downman) ( 5) Notes: C W Phillips/08-AUG-1929 ( 6) Trans Leicestershire. Arch. Soc. Vol. 32, (1956) p. 82 ( 7) Aerial photograph: AP (RAF 106G/UK/ AUG ) ( 8) Hist & Ants of Leicestershire 2 pt ( 9) Field Investigators Comments: J Baird/27-JUN-1972/Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigator (10) Ann Carter/19-DEC-1995/RCHME: Lincolnshire NMP (11) English Heritage SAM Amendment Leicestershire 28-JUL-1995 (12) Unpublished document: Warren, Sally An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire. SLE908. Additional Information SK to SK ] King Lud's Entrenchments (NR) [SK ] The Tent [NR] (1) 'William, Earl of Bologne, Mortaigne and Warren, who died in 1160 gave 40 acres of land at Saltby to the Abbey of Croxton and all the waste lands at the three dykes.' 9

10 'On the boundaries of Saltby and Croxton is a rampart called King Lud's Intrenchments, extending from East to West for nearly 3/4 mile, consisting of a double ditch and several pits or hollows, one deeper than ordinary, into which they say, were stone stairs.' 'From the West it descends a gentle valley which it crosses near the East and terminates on rising ground at a pit called The Tent ['F'] where tradition says King Lud was killed. From ditch to ditch it is 7 yds broad, and in other places not more than 4 yards. Where the plough and spade have spared it, it is 6 ft high'. (2) King Lud's Entrenchments. (Miscellaneous Earthwork - Class X). A line of entrenchments 3,050 ft long, lies due east and west; it occupies ground slightly higher than its southern prospect, in which direction the land gradually falls. The extreme west consists of a double fosse and single vallum, but it has been weakened in recent years; the most perfect section is onethird of its distance from the west, here are a triple vallum and double fosse; From the north side the vallum is 4ft high and 10 ft wide, the first fosse is 8 ft deep, the second vallum, of the same height, is 15ft wide, the second fosse 6 ft deep, and the outer vallum, 11ft wide, is 4ft above the exterior level. The eastern third of the entrenchments has almost perished. The Tent is a deep pear-shaped excavation, perhaps a dwelling or a guardroom; the entrance is at the north-west, close to the vallum, at which point was also an entrance through the lines. A bank is around the curve of the north-east side, from which the hollow is 26ft deep. (3) King Lud's Entrenchments have no special command of the neighbourhood; about 450ft above sea level, with land to the immediate north rather higher. The earthwork which consists of two ramparts and two ditches may have extended a few hundred feet further to the East; its purpose is uncertain, but it does not appear to have formed a boundary dike. It is now [1913] planted with trees. (4) A double-ditched dyke; traces of the work begin on the north edge of Egypt Plantation, a little to the east of The Tent. It gets stronger till near the west of Cooper's Plantation the ditches are as much as 3 ft deep and then it tails off to vanish before it reaches the road north of Saltby. The parish boundaries to the east and west look very much as though the work had once been much longer. (5) Scheduled Monuments in Leicestershire. King Lud's Entrenchments. Saxon. A boundary of Frontier earthwork double-ditched. [No period is allocated to this earthwork in the Ministry of Works scheduled list]. (6) Possible traces of a continuation of this feature are visible from SK to SK (7) The three dykes mentioned by Authority 2, consist of 'King Lud's Intrenchment' and the 'Foulding Dykes'. Nichols states:- "Half a mile nearer Sproxton (From King Lud's Intrenchment) a single ditch with a mound on each side crosses the road almost at right angles, the extent of which seems not more than 200 yards, and a quarter of 10

11 a mile further is another running in the same direction for 3/4 mile. These two are called the Foulding Dykes... the three entrenchments taken together (are called) the Three Dykes". (8) The Foulding Dykes were not located; it is likely that they were destroyed by the construction of the airfield as was the eastern end of King Lud's. The remaining portions of the intrenchment are probably in much the same condition as they were in Nichols time; it is of a weak nature and was probably not defensive, more a boundary work. The bank to the south carries the footings of a stone wall, probably a later addition. The reference to its existence pre-1160 in an area of waste land makes it virtually certain to be of Anglo-Saxon date, possibly the boundaries of a petty kingdom. Published survey 25" revised. "The Tent" is a disused quarry of no archaeological import. (9) The linear earthwork recorded by Authorities 1-9 was partially visible on vertical photography of various dates, but for much of its length it is obscured by tree cover; the Tent could not be identified for the same reason. (Morph No. LI ) The Foulding Dykes, mentioned by Authority 9, were not positively identified, but two separate linear features, running east-west, and lying between King Lud's Entrenchments and Sproxton village were seen as cropmarks and are separately recorded as SK 82 NE 22 and SK 82 NE 48. This description is based on data from the RCHME MORPH2 database. (10) SK SK King Lud's Intrenchments and adjacent barrow. Earthworks exist in Cooper's Plantation for a distance of 750m and include three parallel banks separated by two ditches. The ditches are up to 1.5m deep and an average of 8m wide and the banks up to 0.5m high. An excavation section of the ditches has shown that the southern ditch is `V'- shaped in profile and the northern ditch `U'-shaped. There are also slight earthworks in Egypt Plantation comprising a single bank, to the north of a disused quarry, is up to 0.75m high and 8m with slight remains of a ditch on its northern side. Both earthworks have been modified by wartime airfield activity. On the eastern side the entrenchments join the prehistoric trackway known as Sewstern Lane (LINEAR 77). The earthworks have long been considered as of Saxon origin, specifically identified with Ludeca of Mercia, but recent aerial photographic work has suggested that the monument may be part of an extensive prehistoric boundary system extending from Northamptonshire to the Humber and termed `the Jurassic spine'. Associated with the linear monument is a Bronze Age barrow cemetery (SK 82 NE 2), of which one barrow is known to survive and is included in the scheduling [although not recorded under SK 82 NE 2]. The barrow measures about 25m in diameter and 1.5m high with no visible surrounding ditch. A 11

12 hollow in the centre is the result of an excavation by Bateman in 1860 (but see SK 82 NE 2). Scheduled (RSM) No (11) A watching brief on water mains renewals in 1999 recorded various ditches that may be related to the Entrenchments. <12> ELE1100: King Lud's Entrenchment: R F Hartley Scheduled Monument 17107: KING LUD'S INTRENCHMENTS AND ADJACENT BARROW MLE3554 Possible barrows west of Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (100m by 41m) ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) 'Long low spread mounds' were noted here, the westerly one was still visible as a spread mound in Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p49-50, g & h. SLE37. Additional Information ELE1101: West of Coopers Plantation SHINE: Cropmarks of Bronze Age barrows and other prehistoric features west of King Lud's Entrenchments MLE3556 Possible barrows at Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (116m by 62m) 12

13 ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) Two long, low spread mounds were noted in the plantation, though WWII buildings in the area have probably destroyed any remaining trace of them. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p49-50, i & j Additional Information ELE1102: Coopers Plantation Shine Candidate (possible) MLE3558 Possible barrows north-east of Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (102m by 38m) ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) A low, circular mound was noted in It was still visible in 1979 as a mound about 3' high. An aerial photograph shows a dark circular patch 50m to the east, which could be another barrow. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p49-50, k & e. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p49-50, k & e (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1103: North east of Coopers Plantation SHINE: Cropmarks of Bronze Age barrows and other prehistoric features west of King Lud's Entrenchments MLE3559 Barrows at Three Queens 13

14 SK82NE Centred SK (174m by 216m) RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE (Bronze Age to Late Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) ROUND BARROW (Bronze Age BC to 801 BC) Up to seven barrows have been recorded around Three Queens on aerial photographs. These include two clear cropmarks and one possible mound on the Leicestershire side, as well as a small rectangular enclosure measuring c.10x15m. Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p49-50 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1104: Three Queens: R F Hartley SHINE candidate Images: Pit alignments and barrows NMR/Jim Pickering Pit alignments and barrow cemetery NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of pit alignment and barrow NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of barrow and pit alignment NMR/Jim Pickering 14

15 MLE3560 Pit alignments at Three Queens SK82NE Centred SK (780m by 562m) PIT ALIGNMENT (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) Two pit alignments were noted on aerial photographs, in an area where numerous barrows have been recorded. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p46-7. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p46-7 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37 ELE1104: Three Queens: R F Hartley Images Cropmark of pit alignments NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of pit alignments NMR/Jim Pickering 15

16 Cropmarks of pit alignments NMR/Jim Pickering Pit alignments and barrows NMR/Jim Pickering Pit alignments and barrow cemetery NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of pit alignment and barrow NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of barrow and pit alignment NMR/Jim Pickering MLE3561 Ditches near Tippings Gorse SK82NE Centred SK (587m by 898m) DITCH? (Late Prehistoric BC? to 42 AD?) Several linear ditches have been noted as crop marks in this area, running N-S and NE-SW. There are at least three ditches, perhaps more. Additional Information ELE1106: Near Tippings Gorse: R F Hartley 16

17 Images Cropmarks of linear features NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of ditches Unknown Cropmarks of linear features NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmarks of linear features NMR/Jim Pickering MLE3562 Enclosure north-east of Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (116m by 222m) RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) A rectangular enclosure (cut by the present road) is aligned on a linear ditch. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p

18 Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p48-9 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1107: North east of Coopers Plantation: R F Hartley SHINE: Cropmarks of Bronze Age barrows and other prehistoric features west of King Lud's Entrenchments MLE3563 Possible barrow north of Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (36m by 32m) ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) A low mound, possibly a round barrow, was noted on a slight rise of the ground in It was estimated to stand c.1m high and be c.20m in diameter. It shows as a small circular cropmark. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p48-49, f. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p48-49, f (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1108: North of Coopers Plantation SHINE: Possible barrow north of Coopers Plantation MLE3564 Possible barrow east of Coopers Plantation SK82NE Centred SK (35m by 30m) ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) 18

19 A low mound was noted north of the crossroads in It measured c.20m in diameter. Additional Information SHINE: Bronze Age barrow cropmark east of Coopers Plantation MLE3565 Roman site south of Blackwell Lodge SK82NE SK (point) SITE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) In 1967, four C4th coins and some C3rd/C4th pottery was brought in for identification. When the site was examined they found a close scatter of pottery, of which c.50 sherds were collected. Other finds found in the 1960s were thought to be from this area. Additional Information The other 1960s finds were said to be from Long Clawson but this was clearly wrong - a pencilled grid reference of SK8530 suggests they came from this vicinity. The finds included a skull, pottery, 4 Roman coins and 2 beads. SHERD (Large quantity) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) COIN (4) (Late Roman AD to 409 AD) MLE3567 Barrow cemetery at Coopers Plantation & Egypt Plantation Sproxton, Melton, Leicestershire SK82NE 19

20 Centred SK (1762m by 2243m) (Approximate) BARROW CEMETERY (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) There are numerous possible barrows recorded in the area around King Lud's Entrenchments, some visible as mounds, some as cropmarks, forming a barrow cemetery. There are also various other possible prehistoric features such as pit alignments. Additional Information SHINE candidate Images Pit alignments and barrows NMR/Jim Pickering Pit alignments and barrow cemetery NMR/Jim Pickering Cropmark of a barrow Unknown MLE3568 Burials east of Millhill House 20

21 SK (point) CEMETERY? (Unknown date) In 1956 burials were reported here during ironstone quarrying Additional Information MLE3570 Enclosures at Old Wood Centred SK (239m by 148m) RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Unknown date) A rectangular enclosure c.40x40m, with a larger enclosure, perhaps 100x200m, to the east. It has been ploughed since They could be Iron Age or medieval. Additional Information MLE3572 St. John's Abbey, Croxton 21

22 Centred SK (247m by 140m) (Approximate) ENCLOSURE (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) ABBEY (Early Medieval to Late Medieval AD to 1538 AD) The abbey was founded in 1162 as a Priory of Premonstratensian Canons and was promoted to abbey status later. It was dissolved in Various remains survive to the north/east of the abbey church; some of the site was excavated Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8, p26-7. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8, p26-7 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. SHERD (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) ELE1109: excavations at St. John's Abbey, Croxton Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE3573 Abbey church, St. John's Abbey, Croxton SK (point) CHURCH (Early Medieval AD to 1349 AD) The abbey church was excavated The church had a long, narrow nave and chancel with a south aisle. Much of the fabric seemed to be C13th in date, though fragments were C12th. Bibliographic reference: Pevsner N The Buildings of England Leicestershire and Rutland. p143. Additional Information Pevsner N, 1984, The Buildings of England Leicestershire and Rutland, p143 (Bibliographic reference). SLE4. ELE1109: excavations at St. John's Abbey, Croxton Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS 22

23 MLE3574 Earthworks east of St. John's Abbey, Croxton Centred SK (131m by 128m) BUILDING (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) ENCLOSURE (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) TITHE BARN (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) East of the abbey are traces of a great number of building foundations and old enclosures, including the site of a large tithe barn surrounded by closes. Additional Information Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE3575 Earthwork at Croxton Park Centred SK (29m by 232m) (Approximate) BANK (EARTHWORK)? (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) An enclosure bank runs north-south and joins with the triple ditches. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8 & p27. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8 & p27 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. ELE1110: Croxton Park: R F Hartley SHINE: Medieval earthwork enclosure bank at Croxton Park 23

24 MLE3577 Cropmarks west of Coneygear Wood Centred SK (272m by 367m) ENCLOSURE? (Unknown date) A number of cropmarks of possible enclosures were noted here. They may be geological rather than archaeological. Additional Information ELE1111: West of Coneygear Wood: R F Hartley MLE3578 Windmill north-east of the Church Centred SK (35m by 32m) POST MILL? (Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) There is a cropmark of a circular enclosure with a cross in the centre, which may well be a post windmill. A mill is shown on Prior's 1777 map but not on later ones. Additional Information ELE1112: North east of the Church: Jim Pickering SHINE: Site of a windmill, visible as a cropmark west of Coneygear Wood 24

25 MLE3580 Fishponds at Croxton Abbey Centred SK (373m by 971m) (Approximate) FISHPOND (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) A series of dams indicating fishponds run north from Croxton Abbey with wet fishponds adjacent to the abbey itself. There are at least eleven ponds including three small dry ponds. Additional Information Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE3584 Earthwork banks at Croxton Park Centred SK (570m by 55m) (Approximate) BANK (EARTHWORK) (Unknown date) There are triple banks running from SK to SK They may be associated with King Lud's Entrenchments. Most of the earthwork has now been ploughed out. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8 & p27. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8 & p27 (Bibliographic reference). SLE

26 MLE3585 Cropmark west of Croxton Lodge Centred SK (42m by 39m) RING DITCH (Bronze Age BC to 801 BC) A cropmark consisting of part of the circumference of a double-ditched circular feature - probably a barrow of at least two phases. Additional Information ELE1113: West of Croxton Lodge: R F Hartley SHINE: Bronze Age ring ditch cropmark west of Croxton Lodge MLE3586 Cropmarks west of Lings Farm Centred SK (215m by 387m) MULTIPLE DITCH SYSTEM (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) RECTILINEAR ENCLOSURE (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) RING DITCH (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) A field of cropmark features including a ring ditch, long curving section of double ditch and two possible rectilinear enclosures, recorded in Additional Information ELE1114: West of Lings Farm: R F Hartley SHINE: Late prehistoric settlement cropmarks west of Lings Farm 26

27 MLE3589 Ditch north of Lings Covert Centred SK (141m by 262m) DITCH (Unknown date) A single undated linear ditch was recorded in Additional Information MLE3590 Mound at Windmill Hill Centred SK (42m by 39m) ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) WINDMILL MOUND (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) A mound, possibly a Bronze Age barrow, though scheduled as a windmill mound. Additional Information Scheduled Monument : POST MILL AT WINDMILL HILL 27

28 MLE3594 Mound at Punch's Grave Centred SK (25m by 25m) MOUND (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) RABBIT WARREN? (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval AD? to 1899 AD?) A circular mound surrounded by a ditch. It could be a feature of the medieval/post-medieval park such as a rabbit warren. Additional Information Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE3595 Windmill north of St. John's Church SK (point) POST MILL (Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) A windmill is shown on Prior's 1777 map. A drawing in Nichols shows a post mill with four sails, open trestle and a tailpole. Additional Information 28

29 MLE3596 Croxton Kerrial Market MARKET (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) There was a medieval market at Croxton Kerrial. The market was granted to Nicholas de Croil on December 28th The market cross now lies partly in the dividing walls of two houses, which were built on top of what would have been the market place. Additional Information Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE3597 Old Wood Centred SK (815m by 815m) DEER PARK (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) PARK PALE (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) Old Wood appears to be site of a deer park mentioned in the C12th. To the north there is a stretch of park pale with a bank, ditch and stone wall. The east is marked by oak trees, the south is visible by cropmarks and the west probably followed the water supply channel. Additional Information Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS 29

30 SHINE: Above ground remains of medieval park pale consisting of stone wall, ditch and bank, south-west of Croxton Kerrial. MLE3598 Earthworks south of Park House Centred SK (343m by 140m) (Surveyed) BANK (EARTHWORK) (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) Croxton Park was surveyed in the 1980s. The south-eastern approach to the abbey is flanked by earthwork banks of unknown date. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8, p27. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8, p27 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. ELE1118: Croxton Park: R F Hartley MLE3599 Quarrying south-east of Croxton Park Centred SK (158m by 173m) STONE QUARRY (Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) Croxton Park was surveyed in the 1980s. An area of uneven ground was recorded with numerous traces of quarrying. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8, p27. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8, p27 (Bibliographic reference). SLE

31 ELE1119: Croxton Park: R F Hartley SHINE: Earthwork remains of post-medieval stone quarries, Croxton Park MLE3603 Pond and dam west of Croxton Centred SK (59m by 19m) DAM (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) FISHPOND (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) In the 1990s Croxton Park was surveyed; to the north of the park, west of Croxton village, there is a pond with an earthen dam. It may be part of a flight of medieval ponds. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8 & p26. Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8 & p26 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. ELE1121: Croxton Park: R F Hartley MLE3605 Fishpond and dam west of Croxton Centred SK (80m by 17m) DAM (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) FISHPOND (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) In the 1990s Croxton Park was surveyed. To the north of the park, west of Croxton village is a pond with an earthen dam. It may be part of a flight of medieval ponds. Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North- East Leicestershire. p8 & p15. 31

32 Additional Information Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p8 & p15 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. ELE1122: Croxton Park: R F Hartley MLE3607 Earthwork north of Croxton Park Centred SK (603m by 409m) (Approximate) BANK (EARTHWORK) (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) DITCH (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) In the 1990s Croxton Park was surveyed and a possible medieval bank and ditch earthwork was recorded. Additional Information ELE1123: Croxton Park: R F Hartley MLE3609 Earthwork at Kennel Plantation Centred SK (196m by 178m) BANK (EARTHWORK) (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) DITCH (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) In the 1990s Croxton Park was surveyed and a medieval bank and ditch earthwork was recorded. 32

33 Additional Information ELE1124: Croxton Park: R F Hartley MLE3611 Cropmark south-west of Denton Lodge SK83SE Centred SK (145m by 133m) SUB CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE? (Unknown date) A large, sub-circular enclosure, apparently incomplete. It may be geological. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p46-7. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p46-7 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1125: South west of Denton Lodge: R F Hartley Images Cropmark of an enclosure NMR/Jim Pickering 33

34 MLE3612 Moated site west of Bunkers Wood SK83SW Centred SK (81m by 54m) MOAT? (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) A moated site, c. 75 yards square, was recorded in the field west of Bunkers Wood from aerial photographs. There is no sign of the site on the ground; it may have been destroyed by ironstone quarrying. Additional Information MLE3613 Enclosure south-west of Harston Wood SK83SW Centred SK (77m by 49m) RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE (Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) A rectangular enclosure was noted at the top of a north-facing slope. It survived until the 1940s as an earthwork. It measured c. 90 x 50m. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p44-5. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p44-5 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1126: South west of Harston Wood: R F Hartley SHINE: Cropmarks of an enclosure south-west of Harston Wood 34

35 MLE3614 Prehistoric burial south-west of Knipton SK83SW SK (point) (Estimated from sources) BURIAL (Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) In June 1934 a pit burial was found during ironstone working. It contained a beaker associated with a copper bracelet. Additional Information BEAKER (Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) BRACELET (Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) MLE3615 Cropmark north of Branston SK83SW Centred SK (55m by 56m) SUBRECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE (Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) A cropmark of a sub-rectangular enclosure measuring 60 x 80m. It has an entrance on its east side; the west side is not visible. It is in woodland on the top of a slight escarpment. Bibliographic reference: Pickering, J & Hartley, R F Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire. p44-5. Additional Information Pickering, J & Hartley, R F, 1985, Past Worlds in a Landscape - Archaeological Cropmarks in Leicestershire, p44-5 (Bibliographic reference). SLE37. ELE1127: North of Branston: Jim Pickering SHINE: Cropmarks of an enclosure north of Branston 35

36 MLE3675 Burials at Beastalls Pit Eaton, Melton, Leicestershire Centred SK (109m by 98m) INHUMATION CEMETERY (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) In 1938 'a few score' graves were found during ironstone working. The graves were defined with stone slabs and a bronze bracelet was recovered from one of them. Roman pottery and 'two grinding stones' were also found in the vicinity. Additional Information BRACELET (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) QUERN (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) SHERD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) MLE5345 The Drift, Roman road Buckminster, Melton, Leicestershire Sproxton, Melton, Leicestershire Wymondham, Melton, Leicestershire Greetham, Rutland Thistleton, Rutland SK82SE Centred SK (10672m by 19303m) ROAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) A probable Roman road, possibly with earlier origins, joining Ermine Street via Thistleton. A watching brief in 1996 recorded the continuation of the line south of Wood Lane, Greetham. The road forks, possibly around SK , with an offshoot running through Belvoir (MLE19789). 36

37 <1> Journal: Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society present. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. Vol 71 (1997), p115. <2> Bibliographic reference: Page W (ed) The Victoria History of the County of Rutland. Volume 1. Vol 1 (1908), p87. Additional Information <1> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 1855-present, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol 71 (1997), p115 (Journal). SLE6. A watching brief undertaken by ULAS on behalf of J & D Creasey during construction work at Wood Lane, located evidence for a linear limestone feature abutting a pebble surface. The date and function of the feature are uncertain, but may represent the eroded continuation of the Roman Sewtern Lane, known to join Ermine Street nearby (Margary 1973, 223). Finds from the topsoil included a single sherd of Roman pottery and late Neolithic or early Bronze Age flint. <2> Page W (ed), 1908, The Victoria History of the County of Rutland, Vol 1 (1908), p87 (Bibliographic reference). SLE912. The road "branches off from Ermine Street about a mile and a half south of Stretton and runs in a north-westerly direction past Greetham and Thistleton, where it passes the site of a Roman settlement, and crossing the boundary shortly afterwards, coincides with the boundaries of Leicestershire and Lincolnshire as far as Harston, where its traces are lost." ELE1690: The Drift ELE4866: An archaeological watching brief at Wood Lane, Greetham, Rutland (Ref: 96/0372/9) Conservation Area: Belvoir Castle Conservation Area: Redmile Registered Park or Garden (II) : Belvoir Castle MLE6372 Bronze Age vessels from south of the Church SK (point) (Estimated from sources) FINDSPOT (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) Two food vessels were found during ironstone working in

38 Additional Information VESSEL (2) (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) MLE6373 Bronze Age arrowhead from near the Windmill SK (point) FINDSPOT (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) In about 1977 a barbed and tanged arrowhead was found in a gateway c. 50 yards from the disused windmill at Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information BARBED AND TANGED ARROWHEAD (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) MLE6374 Bronze Age arrowheads from Benham's Cottage, Branston SK (point) FINDSPOT (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) A very large tanged arrowhead was found in the garden of Benham's Cottage in Additional Information 38

39 BARBED AND TANGED ARROWHEAD (Early Bronze Age BC? to 1501 BC?) Conservation Area: Branston MLE6375 Bronze Age axe found south of Knipton Reservoir SK83SW SK (point) (Estimated from sources) FINDSPOT (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) A stone battle axe was found 18" below the surface in ironstone workings in Branston in It was apparently from 'the Branston end of the Knipton Reservoir'. Additional Information BATTLEAXE (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) MLE6376 Worked flint from west of High Leys Farm SK83SW SK (point) FINDSPOT (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age BC to 801 BC) A group of flints were found in this area (in the 1980s?), which included a thumbnail scraper, a flake, a broken blade, a plano-convex knife and a flake. Additional Information 39

40 BLADE (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age BC to 801 BC) FLAKE (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age BC to 801 BC) PLANO CONVEX KNIFE (Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) THUMB NAIL SCRAPER (Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) MLE6603 Iron Age quern found south-east of the Windmill SK (point) FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age to Early Roman BC to 249 AD) A quern was found by a worker harrowing in a field immediately south-east of Croxton village, during the war. Additional Information QUERN (Late Iron Age to Early Roman BC to 249 AD) MLE6821 Medieval purse bar from south-west of Croxton Church SK (point) FINDSPOT (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) A late medieval purse bar with decoration in niello (a black metallic alloy) on the side bars and a central boss was found in the 1980s. Additional Information 40

41 ELE2373: South west of the Church Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE7256 Neolithic arrowhead found west of Knipton Reservoir SK83SW SK (point) FINDSPOT (Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) A transverse arrowhead was found in a field in the 1990s. Additional Information TRANSVERSE ARROWHEAD (Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) MLE7586 Worked flint from Kings Hill SK (point) FINDSPOT (Early Mesolithic to Early Neolithic BC to 3001 BC) In 1994, a group of ten Mesolithic/Neolithic flints was found that included scrapers, flakes, and a possible knife. Additional Information CORE (Early Mesolithic to Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) FLAKE (Early Mesolithic to Early Neolithic BC to 3001 BC) MANUFACTURING DEBRIS (Early Mesolithic to Early Bronze Age BC? to 1501 BC?) 41

42 KNIFE (Early Neolithic to Early Bronze Age BC to 1501 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) (Early Neolithic to Early Bronze Age BC? to 1501 BC?) MLE7973 Roman finds from south-east of Blackwell Lodge SK83SE SK (point) FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) A copper alloy ring and Roman greyware sherds were found in 1976 by a metal detectorist. Additional Information FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) SHERD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) ELE3047: East of Blackwell Lodge MLE7974 Roman pottery from north of High Leys Farm SK83SW SK (point) FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) Several sherds of Roman greyware and one sherd of coarser?calcite tempered pottery were found in the 1980s. Additional Information 42

43 SHERD (1) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) SHERD (Small quantity) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) MLE8647 Roman site south of Barn Lodge Farm Centred SK (104m by 167m) SITE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) In the 1980s, 32 sherds of Roman pottery, two C4th coins and roof tiles were found, suggesting an occupation site. <1> Unpublished document: Sites and Monuments Record. History File. A <2> Unpublished document: Sites and Monuments Record. Parish File. 83SE AW. Additional Information Fieldwalking following ploughing between 1963 and 1978 revealed 32 sherds of Roman pottery along with some medieval and post-medieval sherds and 2 flint flakes. Two coins are described in a letter from 1986 dated to the fourth century, along with bits of roof tiles with holes in. (The coin was previously accessioned to 83SE AW). <1 & 2> <1> Sites and Monuments Record, History File, A (Unpublished document). SLE321. <2> Sites and Monuments Record, Parish File, 83SE AW (Unpublished document). SLE320. SHERD (medium quantity) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) TILE (small quantity) (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) COIN (2) (Late Roman AD to 400 AD) ELE4396: South of Barn Lodge Farm MLE8751 Croxton Park 43

44 Sproxton, Melton, Leicestershire Centred SK (2078m by 2423m) PARK (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) Croxton Park existed in the C12th when it belonged to the Abbey. It comprised a large area in 1246, from the Holliwell spring to the road between Croxton and Waltham. In 1867 the modern park contained 570 acres, enclosed by a stone wall, with 350 fallow deer. Additional Information Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE8753 Croxton Kerrial historic settlement core Centred SK (572m by 673m) VILLAGE (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) WATERMILL (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) The medieval and post-medieval historic settlement core of the village. Two mills are mentioned at Croxton in the Domesday survey. <1> Bibliographic reference: Bourne, Jill Understanding Leicestershire & Rutland Place s. Additional Information <1> Bourne, Jill, 2003, Understanding Leicestershire & Rutland Place s (Bibliographic reference). SLE220. Known as Crontone in 1086 (Domesday Book). Croc (OScand. Male personal name) + OE tun 'farmstead, village or small estate'. 'The settlement associated with Croc'. The Scandinavian personal name combined with the OE tun indicates that this was almost certainly an Anglo-Saxon settlement which was taken over by a Viking incomer. This manor was granted to Bertram de Cryoil in 1242, the name derives from Criel in northern France. 44

45 Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE8754 Branston historic settlement core SK72SW Centred SK (376m by 749m) VILLAGE (Early Medieval to Late Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) WATERMILL (Saxo Norman AD to 1099 AD) The medieval and post-medieval historic settlement core of the village. Two watermills are mentioned at Branston in the Domesday survey. Additional Information Conservation Area: Branston MLE8764 Saltway Roman road Ab Kettleby, Melton, Leicestershire Broughton and Old Dalby, Melton, Leicestershire Eaton, Melton, Leicestershire Grimston, Melton, Leicestershire Hoby with Rotherby, Melton, Leicestershire Scalford, Melton, Leicestershire Sproxton, Melton, Leicestershire Barrow upon Soar, Charnwood, Leicestershire Quorndon, Charnwood, Leicestershire Seagrave, Charnwood, Leicestershire 45

46 Walton on the Wolds, Charnwood, Leicestershire Centred SK (29840m by 14231m) ROAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) Roman road running roughly east-west. In Leicestershire it passes through Roman small towns at Goadby Marwood and Quorn and crosses the Fosse Way at Six Hills. <1> Bibliographic reference: Margary, Ivan D Roman Roads in Britain. p222. Additional Information The section from SK to SK (around Croxton Kerrial) appears to be visible as earthworks and areas avoided by ridge and furrow. <1> Margary, Ivan D, 1967, Roman Roads in Britain, p222 (Bibliographic reference). SLE3827. Conservation Area: Barrow upon Soar MLE9353 Stone cross base at 11 Middle Street, Ivy Cottage SK (point) CROSS (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) The square base of a stone cross, thought to be medieval, was noted in the front garden. Additional Information Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial 46

47 MLE9494 Undated remains at The Stackyard, The Nook SK (point) PIT? (Unknown date) POST HOLE? (Unknown date) In June 2002, ULAS undertook an evaluation that revealed two truncated, undated pits or postholes. <1> Unpublished document: Gnanaratnam, A An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information <1> Gnanaratnam, A, 2002, An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE856. ELE5070: An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial: University of Leicester Archaeological Services Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE9580 Cropmarks south of Terrace Hills SK73SE Centred SK (79m by 108m) DITCH? (Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) SUB CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE? (Iron Age BC? to 42 AD?) An aerial photo from 1999 shows a possible Iron Age sub circular cropmark enclosure with attached ditch. Additional Information 47

48 MLE10193 Roman site west of High Lees Farm Cottage SK83SW SK (point) SITE? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) A Roman site was recorded here between 1999 and Details are uncertain. Additional Information MLE10195 Palaeolithic flint from Lings Hill SK (point) FINDSPOT (Upper Palaeolithic BC? to BC?) In 2003 a very large recorticated blade core was found. It probably dates to the final phase of the Upper Palaeolithic. Additional Information BLADE CORE (Upper Palaeolithic BC? to BC?) MLE10281 Worked flint from south of Harston Wood 48

49 SK83SW SK (point) FINDSPOT (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) A scatter of later prehistoric flint was found during non systematic fieldwalking in c Additional Information LITHIC IMPLEMENT? (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) MLE10282 Roman pottery from south of Harston Wood SK83SW SK (point) FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) Non-systematic fieldwalking in c.2003 produced a small amount of Roman pottery. Its significance is uncertain. Additional Information SHERD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) MLE12405 NEW PARK HOUSE, CROXTON PARK 49

50 Centred SK (13m by 21m) HOUSE (C16th, Late Medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Post-medieval mansion, originally constructed in the C16th using materials from the abbey, and altered in the C19th. Additional Information House. Originally constructed in C16 using materials from suppressed Premonstratensian Priory 50m. to east, altered C19, remodelled C20. Coursed ironstone and limestone, the latter mainly to ground floor. Roof of graded Swithland slate. 2 storeys and dormer attic in irregular bay system. C19 gabled porch to right, with Swithland slate roof. 5 2-light casements to left, with glazing bars, renewed and set under segmental arches. One similar to first floor, all standard Belvoir Estate late C19 types. One 2-light and one 3- light C16 mullioned windows also to first floor under timber lintels. Shallow gabled roof with 3 sloping dormers. Limestone south gable-end stack and 2 limestone ridge stacks to left of centre, on ironstone plinths. Abutting south gable stack is a mid C19 openwork timber bell-cote standing on glazed ridge dormer and with a shallow ogival cap and finial. Interior not inspected. Listed Building (II) : NEW PARK HOUSE Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAIN MLE12406 WATER BAILIFF'S COTTAGE, CROXTON PARK, CROXTON KERRIAL Centred SK (17m by 18m) HOUSE (Early C18th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Early C18th stone house. Additional Information House. Early C18. Coursed ironstone and limestone with roof of C20 concrete tiles. 2 storeys in 3 bays of irregular disposition. East side entered through central panelled door with overlight. Above door is one single-light window. To left of door is a 3-light mullioned casement, to right of door is a 3-light cross casement. Similar window above and to the left of the former. Bellbased gabled roof, altered early C19. Internal gable-end stacks. West side with 2 window bays; 3-light cross casements to ground floor, 3-light 50

51 mullioned casements to first. Sloping dormer in roof. Brick 2-storey addition added to south gable early C19. Listed Building (II) : WATER BAILIFF'S COTTAGE MLE12407 OLD PARK HOUSE, CROXTON PARK, CROXTON KERRIAL Centred SK (15m by 13m) HOUSE (Early C18th, Late Post-medieval AD to 1899 AD) Ruin of a stone house, built 1730, partly demolished Additional Information Ruin of house. 1730, partly demolished Square plan. Coursed dressed limestone over brick. No roof. Each façade of 2 storeys and basement in 3 bays, the corners stressed by rusticated limestone quoins. Platband at first floor and continuous moulded cornice below parapet. South front with central panelled door reached by short flight of steps. Door surround with carved consoles supporting broken scrolled pediment. Window surrounds also moulded, but plain. East and west fronts unpierced by windows. Detailing of north face similar to south: doorway without pediment. Windows are sashes, mostly severely damaged, mostly late C18. One 1730 sash survives to north, on upper floor, with glazing bars. From north-east and north-west corners 5-bay trabeated quadrants curve to flanking pavilions. Of pavilions only partial evidence remains. Quadrants of 4 Tuscan columns with entablature. Interior. Fragmentary remains of panelling, shouldered door surrounds and fireplaces. Year of construction: 1730 Listed Building (II) : OLD PARK HOUSE Scheduled Monument 17109: CROXTON ABBEY AND ASSOCIATED REMAINS MLE12410 MILEPOST AT SK , MELTON ROAD (EAST SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL 51

52 SK (point) MILEPOST (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval AD to 1850 AD) Early-mid C19th cast iron milepost. Additional Information Milepost. Early-mid C19. Cast-iron. Triangular in section and hollow to rear. Rounded top. Lettered to left side TO/MELTON/MOWBRAY/7/MILES, to right TO/GRANTHAM/9/MILES. Listed Building (II) : MILEPOST AT SK MLE12411 MILEPOST AT SK , MELTON ROAD (EAST SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL SK (point) MILEPOST (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval AD to 1850 AD) Early-mid C19th cast iron milepost. Additional Information Milepost. Early-mid C19. Cast iron. Triangular in section and hollow to rear. Rounded top with lettering: PARISH OF CROXTON KERRIAL. Lettered to left side TO/MELTON/MOWBRAY/10/MILES, to right side TO/GRANTHAM/6/MILES. Listed Building (II) : MILEPOST AT SK Image 52

53 MLE12662 VILLAGE HALL, MAIN STREET (EAST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (10m by 14m) SCHOOL (Middle C19th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Ironstone school building, dated 1843, now a village hall. Additional Information School, now village hall. Dated Coursed squared ironstone with limestone dressings and fishscale tiled roof with stone-coped gables with finials. Single storey. 2-window ranges of 3-light stone mullion and transom windows, with hood moulds. A central doorway within a projecting gabled porch with limestone front and loop-holes to sides. Porch front has Tudorarched opening with hood mould. At gable apex a fine bellcote partly corbelled out, with date 1843, open arches to 4 sides and stone pyramidical roof with finial. Bell and machinery within. Right end blank; left end has similar 3-light window, as has rear but the last without hoodmould. Rear also has small single-storey C20 extension. Year of construction: 1843 Listed Building (II) : VILLAGE HALL Conservation Area: Branston Images MLE12663 HALL FARMHOUSE, 24, MAIN STREET (EAST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (16m by 17m) FARMHOUSE (Late C18th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Late C18th ironstone farmhouse. 53

54 Additional Information Farmhouse, now without a farm. Late C18, remodelled mid C19. Coursed ironstone and slate roofs. West front of 2 storeys, raised storeys by 2 mid C19 gables. 3 bays. Central door behind timber trellis porch. Fenestration of sashes with glazing bars, in gables are horned sashes with plate glass. Internal gable-end stacks. Early C19 2 storey extension to north: casements and dentilled brick eaves cornice. Listed Building (II) : HALL FARMHOUSE Conservation Area: Branston Images MLE12664 CHURCH OF ST. GUTHLAC, MAIN STREET (WEST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (25m by 19m) CHURCH (C13th, Early Medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Ironstone church with much surviving C13th fabric including the south arcade and west tower. It is Grade I listed. Inside there is a Norman font and a monument in the chancel dates to the C15th. Pevsner. Additional Information Parish church. C13 west tower with late C14 steeple. C13 nave and aisles, aisles with later fenestration. C13 chancel altered C15. South porch added 1872 and south aisle restored new nave and chancel roofs and further restorations by Bodley and Garner. Ironstone with limestone dressings and lead roofs. Unbuttressed 3 stage tower, externally of 2 stages. Arched lancet to west. Lancets to ringing chamber and paired lancets to belfry under containing semi-circular super-arch. Late C14 limestone crenellated parapet with corner pinnacles below octagonal crocketted spire. 2-light south aisle west window with quatrefoil vesica: c C19 gabled south porch. One lancet and one 3-light C19 window to east of porch. C19 chapel at east end of south aisle with 2-light windows. 2 3-light ogeed north aisled windows under square heads and, between them, an arched doorway. Perpendicular clerestory: 3 3-light panel tracery south windows under segmental arches; 3 2-light north windows under square heads. Perpendicular chancel windows, that to east of 5 lights. To north side a single C13 lancet. Priest's door to west end. Interior. 3-bay arcade on octagonal north piers and circular south piers. North piers with polygonal capitals with some nailhead ornament. South piers on waterholding bases and with undercut capitals. C19 nave roof of tie beams 54

55 on arched braces, ridge piece and purlins. Triple chamfered tower arch and double chamfered chancel arch. C12 font: octagonal with engaged columns to stem and intersecting arches to bowl, with nailhead. In chancel an alabaster floor slab to John Spethyn, FONT (Early Medieval AD to 1349 AD) Listed Building (II*) : CHURCH OF ST.GUTHLAC Conservation Area: Branston Images MLE12665 THE OLD RECTORY, 21 & 23, MAIN STREET (WEST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (20m by 26m) VICARAGE (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Early C19th ironstone rectory, now a private house. Pevsner Additional Information Rectory, now private house. Early C19 main range with later cross wing to south. Coursed ironstone with slate roofs. 2.5 storeys in 3 wide bays. Fenestration of sashes with glazing bars. Single storey extension applied to ground floor of façade, probably in 1830's. Coursed ashlar. Projecting central porch with polygonal shafts flanking door. Arched doorway. To right and left is one 3-light cross casement. Flat roof with iron railings. Hipped roof to main block with a ridge stack left of centre and flanking stacks to north and south hips. Listed Building (II) : THE OLD RECTORY Conservation Area: Branston MLE12666 LING'S FARMHOUSE AND ATTACHED STABLE RANGE, 2, MAIN STREET (SOUTH SIDE), BRANSTON 55

56 Centred SK (18m by 18m) FARMHOUSE (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Ironstone farmhouse, built c Additional Information Farmhouse, now without a farm. Circa Coursed ironstone with brick dressings and roof of black glazed pantiles. L-plan. Doorless fronts to northwest and north-east, both of 2 window bays in 2 storeys. Windows are 3-light mullioned casements under segmental brick arches. Dentilled brick eaves cornice, the bricks chamfered. Hipped roof with ridge stack on north-east side and rebuilt gable-end stack to south-west gable head, both brick. Rear with door in angle of 2-wings below one 3-light casement as before. One 2-light casement to south-west face of cross wing. Contemporary 2 bay extension abuts south-west gable in 2 storeys; details similar, the roof gabled. Single storeyed stable range extends south-west from this: basket-arched carriage entrance and 2 flanking loose box doors under segmental arches. Listed Building (II) : LING'S FARMHOUSE AND ATTACHED STABLE RANGE Conservation Area: Branston Images MLE12667 WILD'S FARMHOUSE, 4, MAIN STREET (EAST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (19m by 17m) FARMHOUSE (Middle C18th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Mid C18th ironstone farmhouse. Additional Information Farmhouse. Mid C18. Coursed ironstone with pantile roof. Modified baffle entry plan. 2 storeys with attic. West front in 4 bays, the door set to right of centre behind gabled early C20 timber porch. Fenestration of 3-light renewed casements with glazing bars, the central lights opening. Ironstone skewback 56

57 arches over them, slightly segmental. The window over door is of 2 lights. To north end of façade are 2 blocked windows of a former upper half storey. Gabled roof over early C19 brick dentilled eaves cornice. Brick internal gable end stacks and central ridge stack, all C19. Listed Building (II) : WILD'S FARMHOUSE Conservation Area: Branston Images MLE12668 HOUSE 70M NORTH-WEST OF HALL FARMHOUSE, 36, MAIN STREET (EAST SIDE), BRANSTON Centred SK (12m by 13m) HOUSE (Middle C18th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Mid C18th ironstone house. Additional Information House. Mid C18, altered late C20. Coursed ironstone. Roof of black glazed pantiles. One storey and attic. North side lit through 2 C20 casements. One casement to ground and attic storey of west gable. Gabled roof with central ridge stack and east internal gable-end stack, both brick. Single storey cross wing runs south with similar details. Listed Building (II) : HOUSE 70M NORTH-WEST OF HALL FARMHOUSE Conservation Area: Branston MLE12673 HILLSIDE FARMHOUSE, MAIN STREET (SOUTH SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL 57

58 Centred SK (23m by 17m) FARMHOUSE (Late C18th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD) Late C18th ironstone farmhouse. Additional Information Listed building description: Farmhouse. Late C18 with C19 and C20 alterations. Coursed ironstone with limestone dressings. Pantiled roof. North front of 4 irregular bays in 2 storeys. C20 door set left of centre. To left an early C20 3-light cross casement, to right 2 similar windows. 3 3-light and one 2-light first floor cross casements of C20. All windows with segmental oolite heads. Gabled roof with internal brick end stacks, that to west rebuilt late C20. Central ridge stack, also brick. 2 late C20 roof lights. Listed Building (II) : HILLSIDE FARMHOUSE Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial Images Grid Reference Monument Types Additional Information MLE12674 CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, CHURCH LANE Centred SK (32m by 25m) CHURCH (Late Medieval to Modern AD? to 2050 AD) The church is mentioned in the Matriculus of 1220, was restored in and is built from ironstone and limestone. It has the largest set of pre-reformation benches in Leicestershire. It is suggested that the fine bench ends came from Croxton Abbey. Bibliographic reference: Pevsner N The Buildings of England Leicestershire and Rutland. p143. Listed building description: Parish church. C15, restored by G. G. Scott. Chancel of ironstone; nave, aisles and central tower of limestone. Lead roofs. 3-light intersecting ogeed west window and 58

59 2-light aisle west windows. 3-light Perpendicular aisle windows, those to north under triangular heads, a distinction repeated at the aisle east windows, now of 3 lights light Perpendicular clerestory windows: panel tracery and triangular heads to both sides. 3 stage tower supported by diagonal stepped buttresses with a string course between ringing chamber and belfry stage. Single slit lights to former, 3-light cusped windows to the latter. Crenellated parapet with 8 crocketted pinnacles. One 2-light cusped Y tracery chancel south window and a 3-light C19 east window. Against north chancel a C19 vestry under sloping slate roof. Below east window is wall monument to William Smith 1711: inscription panel framed by entactic fluted pilasters, reeded to base; segmental pediment with winged cherub head. Interior. 3-bay octagonal arcade carrying double chamfered arches with hoods. High bases and polygonal capitals. Crossing piers also of octagonal section with high bases and octagonal capitals. C19 nave roof of tie beams on arched braces to wall posts on corbels. Ridge piece, one pair of purlins and principals, all moulded. Nave has 20 benches with poppyhead carved bench ends, the ends with geometrical and tracery patterns, the poppyheads with allegorical scenes and figures. 5 other bench ends attached to C19 benches, all of late C15. Chancel roof as nave, chancel fittings C19 except for altar rail of c.1630: turned balusters. <1> Pevsner N, 1984, The Buildings of England Leicestershire and Rutland, p143 (Bibliographic reference). SLE4. "Chancel of ironstone; the rest of grey oolite. Central tower with eight pinnacles. All Perpendicular. Standard arcade. Clerestory windows with triangular heads. Restoration by G G Scott, BENCHES. The largest set of pre-reformation benches in Leicestershire, forty-five all told, either fragmentary or complete. Poppyheads and tracery, quatrefoiled circles, etc. in two or three tiers on the ends. - COMMUNION RAIL. Of c , with turned balusters. - SOUTH DOOR. With fragmentary leaf carving." Associated Finds TOMBSTONE (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) Activities / Events Listed Building (II*) : CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial 59

60 Images Church of St John the Baptist, Croxton Kerrial. April 2016 MLE12675 GROUP OF 3 TOMBS 3M EAST OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST, CHURCH LANE (NORTH SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL SK (point) TABLE TOMB (Middle C18th, Late Post-medieval AD to 1766 AD) Three mid C18th limestone table tombs. Additional Information Listed building description: Group of 3 table tombs. Mid C18. Limestone. Rectangular with fielded inscription panels. One has corner balusters, all have moulded coving below top slab. That to furthest east bears date Listed Building (II) : GROUP OF 3 TOMBS 3M EAST OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE

61 GROUP OF 2 MEMORIAL SLABS 12M SOUTH OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST, CHURCH LANE (NORTH SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL SK (point) GRAVE SLAB (C17th, Early Post-medieval to Late Post-medieval AD to 1700 AD) Group of C17th memorial slabs. Additional Information Listed building description: Group of memorial slabs. C17. Oolite. Tapering slabs with canted top. Listed Building (II) : GROUP OF 2 MEMORIAL SLABS 12M SOUTH OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE12677 MILEPOST AT SK , MAIN STREET (EAST SIDE), CROXTON KERRIAL SK (point) MILEPOST (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval AD to 1833 AD) Early-mid C19th cast iron milepost. none recorded Additional Information Listed building description: Milepost. Early-mid C19. Cast-iron. Triangular in section and hollow to rear. Rounded top with lettering PARISH/OF/CROXTON KERRIAL. Lettered to left side TO/MELTON/MOWBRAY/9/MILES, to right TO/GRANTHAM/7/MILES. Listed Building (II) : MILEPOST AT SK

62 Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE12678 WINDMILL AT NGR , MAIN STREET SK SMOCK MILL (Early C19th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 1916 AD) Photographs in the Records Office show a smock mill with a four-storied base. The mill dates from the early/mid C19th and is said to be the only known smock mill in Leicestershire and Rutland. It is thought to have gone out of use in Unpublished document: Sumpter, T Shire's Mill, Mill Lane, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire: Building recording and archaeological watching brief. Additional Information Listed building description: Tower of smock-mill. Circa early mid C19. Perforated yellow brick in English bond, moulded stone cornice and red brick blockings to window, interior lined in red brick. Squat winter tower with slight batter and large moulded cornice on top. Pointed arch windows blocked in red brick. Doorway on north side with depressed 2-centred arch. Blocked doorway on south east side. Superstructure has been dismantled. Externally many of the brick faces have been eroded exposing the perforations. Interior: Machinery taken out. Chamfered soft wood post and beams with run-out stops. Half of first floor and all of second floor removed, except for the beams. Narrow blocked segmental arch doorway on south east side. Note: Said to be the only known smock-mill in Leicestershire and Rutland. A windmill on this side is depicted on 1806 map. Probably in use until 1916 when the wooden superstructure was removed or destroyed. Source: Information provided by Leicestershire County Council Planning Department. <1> Sumpter, T, 2002, Shire's Mill, Mill Lane, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire: Building recording and archaeological watching brief (Unpublished document). SLE1977. ELE6195: Shire's Mill, Mill Lane, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire: Building recording and archaeological watching brief (Ref: 01/00240/FUL & 01/00241/LBC): Tony Sumpter Archaeological Consultancy Listed Building (II) : WINDMILL AT NGR Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial 62

63 Images MLE15875 Prehistoric finds from south of Barn Lodge Farm SK (point) FINDSPOT (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) A possible sherd of Bronze Age pottery was recovered in the 1980s, along with two flint flakes. They were found in an area of Roman material. <1> Unpublished document: Sites and Monuments Record. History File. A <2> Unpublished document: Sites and Monuments Record. Parish File. 83SW AW. Additional Information Fieldwalking following ploughing between 1963 and 1978 revealed two large pieces of pottery sherds. A letter from the finder in 1986 records that one might be Bronze Age and not wheel turned while the other is marked with circles. 32 sherds of Roman pottery along with some medieval and postmedieval sherds and 2 flint flakes. Two coins are described in a letter from 1986 dated to the fourth century, along with bits of roof tiles with holes in. (The coin was previously accessioned to 83SE AW). <1 & 2> FLAKE (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) SHERD (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) ELE4396: South of Barn Lodge Farm MLE15989 World War II pillbox north of Croxton Lodge Farm SK83SW SK (point) PILLBOX (TYPE FW3/22) (World War II, Modern AD to 1945 AD) 63

64 Concrete pillbox, type 22. Additional Information Information from 'Defence of Britain' website. MLE16206 Branston Manor House SK (point) MANOR HOUSE? (Medieval AD? to 1539 AD?) Reputed location of the former manor house, crop/parch marks have been noted from aerial photographs. The site has now been developed. <1> Bibliographic reference: Hartley R F The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire. p6. Additional Information Nichols (1795, 107) comments, 'on the east side of the churchyard is a small spot of ground, where appear the foundations of a building, said by tradition to have been the mansion'. The mansion, or manor house belonged to the Hartopp family. Hartley notes that indications of this site are evident from RAF vertical aerial photographs (RAF CPE UK ). The site was reportedly developed in the 1980's.<1> <1> Hartley R F, 1987, The Medieval Earthworks of North-East Leicestershire, p6 (Bibliographic reference). SLE496. Conservation Area: Branston MLE16232 King Lud's Entrenchments 64

65 SK82NE SK (point) MULTIPLE DITCH SYSTEM? (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age BC? to 401 BC?) A watching brief during water mains renewals in 1999 recorded four ditch/pit features in alignment with King Lud's Entrenchments. They measured 1.2m to 2.8m in width and may well be a continuation of the ditch system. No dating evidence was found. Unpublished document: Warren, Sally An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire. Additional Information Warren, Sally, 2001, An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire (Unpublished document). SLE908. ELE5123: An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire: University of Leicester Archaeological Services MLE16337 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, 12 Chapel Lane Centred SK (11m by 13m) WESLEYAN METHODIST CHAPEL (Mid C19th, Late Post-medieval to Modern AD to 2050 AD?) The Wesleyans came to the village in and met in Thomas Handley's house. After the revival in 1834 there were too many people to meet in his kitchen and the Duke of Rutland paid for the land to build a Preaching House, to the rear of Handley's house. <1> Unpublished document: Lowe, J Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial. 65

66 Additional Information The Duke laid down two conditions: that the preaching room should be out of sight and that it should be attached to an existing dwelling. It was constructed through combined voluntary effort and was completed in six weeks! The chapel measures 6m x 10.2m. Few or no architectural details or furnishings of note have survived. It is not known when it ceased to be used as a chapel. <1> <1> Lowe, J, 2006, Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE556. ELE4643: Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Ref: 06/01247/FUL): CgMs Consulting (East Mids) Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE Chapel Lane Centred SK (32m by 32m) FARMHOUSE (Late Post-medieval to Modern AD? to 2006 AD) BARN (Late Post-medieval to Modern AD? to 2006 AD) The western part of the house and the street frontage barn are the earliest buildings on site, dating to the mid C18th. By the late C18th the building had been extended - the extension may have been the large kitchen in which the village's Methodists initially met. <1> Unpublished document: Lowe, J Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial. <2> Unpublished document: Coward, J A historic building survey at Town End House, 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information <1> Lowe, J, 2006, Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE556. In c.1835 the Methodist chapel was added to the rear of Thomas Handley's house (see MLE16337), since there were too many Methodists after the 1834 revival to fit in the kitchen. There was a door from the house to the chapel. In the mid to late C19th more buildings were constructed on the site to serve 'an increased agricultural function'. Further work on the farm buildings took place in the 20th century. <2> Coward, J, 2009, A historic building survey at Town End House, 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE

67 Further building survey work was carried out in Various features relating to the dining room, the living room, the passageway and the attics were recorded. The wall between the chapel and the house was hard to interpret, with timbers, C19th brick, modern brick, plinths, etc. Report is in ADS Library: / ELE4643: Historic Building Assessment (Level 2): 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Ref: 06/01247/FUL): CgMs Consulting (East Mids) ELE5947: A historic building survey at Town End House, 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial (Ref: 06/01247/FUL): University of Leicester Archaeological Services Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial Images 12, Chapel Lane, Croxton Kerrial. MLE16347 Flint flake found at 1 The Rock, Branston SK (point) FINDSPOT (Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) A flint flake was found during a watching brief in Unpublished document: Munford, W Archaeological watching brief, land adjacent to 1, The Rock, Branston. 67

68 Additional Information Munford, W, 2007, Archaeological watching brief, land adjacent to 1, The Rock, Branston (Unpublished document). SLE565. Report is in ADS Library: / FLAKE (Late Neolithic BC to 2501 BC) ELE4652: Archaeological watching brief, land adjacent to 1, The Rock, Branston (Ref: 06/00202/FUL): Pre-Construct Archaeology Ltd Conservation Area: Branston MLE16696 Harston Mineral Railway Belvoir, Melton, Leicestershire SK83SW Centred SK (1875m by 2049m) MINERAL RAILWAY (Modern AD to 2050 AD) The engine shed and a stub of line is shown on the Epoch 2 map (1905). By the time of the Epoch 4 map (1952) the line stretched all the way to the south of Knipton. Additional Information MLE16773 Tramway east of Stathern Eaton, Melton, Leicestershire SK83SW Centred SK (2637m by 1819m) 68

69 TRAMWAY (Modern AD to 1960 AD?) Tramway running from the Eaton Branch of the Great Northern Railway to various Ironstone Quarries. A stub is shown on the Epoch 2 map (1904) and slightly different lines are shown on the Epoch 3 (1931) and Epoch 4 (1952) maps. Additional Information Registered Park or Garden (II) : Belvoir Castle MLE16821 Stone feature at The Stackyard, The Nook SK (point) PATH? (Unknown date) WALL? (Unknown date) In June 2002 ULAS undertook an evaluation that recorded a crude, stone-built linear feature. This may have been the remnant of a wall footing or a pathway. It was thought more likely that the latter interpretation was correct. <1> Unpublished document: Gnanaratnam, A An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information <1> Gnanaratnam, A, 2002, An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE856. ELE5070: An archaeological evaluation on land at the Stackyard, The Nook, Croxton Kerrial: University of Leicester Archaeological Services Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE16841 Features east of King Lud's Entrenchments 69

70 Centred SK (68m by 154m) MULTIPLE DITCH SYSTEM? (Unknown date) PIT (Unknown date) During a watching brief on mains renewals in 1999 four possible ditch features and a pit were recorded. The ditches ranged in widths from c.1m to 4.70m. They were in close alignment with King Lud's Entrenchments and may be a continuation of the feature. Unpublished document: Warren, Sally An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire. Additional Information Warren, Sally, 2001, An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire (Unpublished document). SLE908. ELE5123: An archaeological watching brief during water mains renewal in the Waltham to Stonesby area of Leicestershire: University of Leicester Archaeological Services MLE17355 Camp north of Saltby Airfield SK82NE Centred SK (581m by 206m) MILITARY CAMP (Modern AD? to 1955 AD?) AIR RAID SHELTER (Modern AD? to 1945 AD?) A variety of military buildings survive within the trees including air raid shelters. The site was visited in 2009 as part of improvement works. Condition was extremely variable - though little remained of most structures, some were in good condition. Additional Information Buildings are shown on the Epoch 4 (1952) maps. There are other camps marked nearby, though none have survived as well as in this area. 70

71 MLE17668 Ring ditch west of King Lud's Entrenchments SK82NE Centred SK (18m by 18m) RING DITCH (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) Ring ditch, c.15m diameter, noted on c.2006 aerial photographs. Additional Information SHINE: Late prehistoric ring ditch cropmark west of King Lud's Entrenchments MLE17669 Linear cropmark west of King Lud's Entrenchments SK82NE Centred SK (146m by 391m) LINEAR FEATURE (Late Prehistoric BC to 42 AD) Linear cropmark visible on c.2006 aerial photographs, running roughly northeast/south-west for 400m. Additional Information 71

72 SHINE: Cropmarks of Bronze Age barrows and other prehistoric features west of King Lud's Entrenchments Images Cropmark of a linear feature Jim Pickering/NMR Cropmark of a linear feature Jim Pickering/NMR Cropmark of a linear feature NMR/Jim Pickering MLE20077 Possible post-medieval occupation at 27, Main Street Centred SK (32m by 33m) BUILDING PLATFORM? (Post-medieval AD? to 1899 AD?) DITCH (Post-medieval AD? to 1899 AD?) Scrub clearance during a watching brief in 2009 revealed a shallow dip across the site running east for approximately 25m. It was suggested that this may indicate the presence of building platforms in each corner of the site. 72

73 Unpublished document: Hyam, Andrew An archaeological watching brief on land adjacent to 27, Main Street, Branston. Additional Information Hyam, Andrew, 2009, An archaeological watching brief on land adjacent to 27, Main Street, Branston (Unpublished document). SLE3615. Report is in ADS Library: / ELE7918: An archaeological watching brief on land adjacent to 27, Main Street, Branston (Ref: 06/00874/6): University of Leicester Archaeological Services MLE20287 Undated storage pits east of Knipton Reservoir SK (point) STORAGE PIT (Unknown date) In c pits were apparently seen in this field, all circular and 12ft deep by 5ft wide. All except 2 had been burnt. About one bushel of barley was found in most of them. A number of triangular clay bricks were also found. Journal: Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society present. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. Vol 34 (1958), p80. Additional Information Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 1855-present, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol 34 (1958), p80 (Journal). SLE6. Leicestershire Museums Accession Code: A BRICK (Unknown date) PLANT REMAINS (Unknown date) 73

74 MLE20522 Medieval building, Pinfold Field Centred SK (26m by 15m) BUILDING (Early Medieval to Late Medieval AD? to 1400 AD?) Substantial stone founded building investigated in by the Framland Local Archaeology Group (FLAG), commencing with resistivity survey followed by excavation. The group speculate that it may be a 'lost' manor house or grange. <1> Journal: Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 86. Vol 86 (2012), p217. <2> Journal: Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 87. Vol 87 (2013), p247. Additional Information (accessed 17/10/2012) Pete Liddle made a site visit in October 2012 and noted the following finds: 8-10 sherds Stamford ware (cooking pots), some shelly wares, mostly C12th- C14th green glazed jug fragments. Apparently there were 100+ sherds, some from the garderobe pit. There were no late medieval sherds. (See associated files.) <1> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2012, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 86, Vol 86 (2012), p217 (Journal). SLE4254. Geophysical survey in November 2011 indicated the presence of the remains of a large building, together with other potentially archaeological anomalies, none of which are shown on the Croxton Kerrial estate map of <2> Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 2013, Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 87, Vol 87 (2013), p247 (Journal). SLE4252. Appears to be a duplicate of the entry in 2012's 'Transactions'? SHERD (large quantity) (Early Medieval to Late Medieval AD to 1400 AD) (from event ELE8382) ELE8381: 2011 geophysical survey, Pinfold Field, Croxton Kerrial: Framland Local Archaeological Group ELE8382: excavation, Pinfold Field, Croxton Kerrial: Framland Local Archaeological Group ELE8383: 2011 geophysical survey, Goose Field, Croxton Kerrial: Framland Local Archaeological Group 74

75 Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial Images 2012 excavations, garderobe Framland Local Archaeology Group 2012 excavations at Croxton, doorway Framland Local Archaeology Group View of site, 2012 excavations Framland Local Archaeology Group MLE20536 Roman pottery from excavation at Pinfold Field SK (point) FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) 75

76 During a site visit to the excavation of a medieval building in 2012 Pete Liddle noted two sherds of Roman pottery. Additional Information SHERD (2) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) ELE8382: excavation, Pinfold Field, Croxton Kerrial: Framland Local Archaeological Group Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE20537 Saxon pottery from excavation at Pinfold Field SK (point) FINDSPOT (Anglo Saxon AD to 1066 AD) During a site visit to the excavation of a medieval building in 2012 Pete Liddle noted two sherds of possible Saxon handmade pottery. Additional Information SHERD (2) (Anglo Saxon AD to 1066 AD) ELE8382: excavation, Pinfold Field, Croxton Kerrial: Framland Local Archaeological Group Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE20690 Possible Roman ditch east of Barn Lodge Farm Centred SK (137m by 12m) DITCH (Early Roman - 43 AD? to 249 AD?) 76

77 A ditch feature was recorded during trial trenching in Two sherds of early Roman pottery were found in it, though they were near the surface and may not date the ditch. Unpublished document: Chinnock, Chris Archaeological trial trench evaluation at Barn Lodge Farm, Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information Chinnock, Chris, 2013, Archaeological trial trench evaluation at Barn Lodge Farm, Croxton Kerrial (Unpublished document). SLE3957. Report is in ADS Library: / SHERD (2) (Early Roman - 43 AD to 249 AD) (from event ELE8548) ELE8548: 2013 trial trenching at Barn Lodge Farm, Croxton Kerrial (Ref: 12/00676/FUL): Northamptonshire Archaeology MLE20710 War memorial cross, St Guthlac's Churchyard wall, Branston SK (point) WAR MEMORIAL (Modern AD? to 2050 AD) World War I war memorial - cross with carved Christ on a stone plinth with an inscription in a sheltered area of the churchyard wall. Those who served are mounted on wooden tablets to either side, on the wall. Additional Information War Memorials Project Reference WMP0187 MLE21276 Turnpike Road, Melton Mowbray to Grantham Belvoir, Melton, Leicestershire 77

78 Melton Mowbray, Melton, Leicestershire Waltham on the Wolds and Thorpe Arnold, Melton, Leicestershire SK82SW Centred SK (9973m by 11601m) TOLL ROAD (Late Post-medieval AD to 1875 AD) Road running from the Sage Cross, Melton Mowbray, to Grantham. Later became the A607. <1> Bibliographic reference: Arthur Cossons The Turnpike Roads of Leicestershire and Rutland. p64 (No. 27). Additional Information <1> Arthur Cossons, 2003, The Turnpike Roads of Leicestershire and Rutland, p64 (No. 27) (Bibliographic reference). SLE Act of 1st Authorisation. To expire Conservation Area: Melton Mowbray Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial MLE21865 St John the Baptist's Church burial ground, Church Lane Centred SK (111m by 99m) CHURCHYARD (Early Medieval to Modern AD? to 2050 AD) Burial ground of St John's Church, parish church of Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information Conservation Area: Croxton Kerrial 78

79 79

80 Appendix B: Previously Unrecorded Archaeological Sites & Monuments Located during Fieldwork. To be submitted for inclusion in the Leicestershire Historic Environment Record (LHER) The sites listed below are not currently listed on the Leicestershire HER or on any accessible national data base (e.g., ADS). To that extent they are unrecorded. It is entirely probable that these sites have been observed and noted by previous workers but that work has not come to my attention. In total some 8 previously unrecorded sites have been located through fieldwalking and ground investigation. 80

81 TEMP001 Cedar Hill Barrows ROUND BARROW? (Bronze Age BC? to 801 BC?) Three highly degraded probable Bronze Age barrows located on the summit of Cedar Hill, near Croxton Kerrial. Additional Information Barrows form a north-south line along the crest of the low isolated hill. Highly visible location. Barrows very degraded, extensive evidence of barrow digging and subsequent activity by badgers, however clear breaks of slope and composition suggest mounds are anthropogenic in origin. TEMP002 Croxton Kerrial Mill Ponds and Mill WATERMILL (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) Two mill ponds of typical mediaeval side-pond form in a small tributary valley of the Croxton Park Brook. Additional Information The tributary brook is fed by a spring which emerges from the hillside to the north of Croxton Kerrial Church. Flow today is small and the operation the mill would have been episodic at best. This is likely to have been one of the two water mills at Croxton Kerrial recorded in Domesday. The lower pond has recently been cleared out and reused as wildlife enhancement site. 81

82 Images: Possible side dam and upper mill on Church Brook, Croxton Kerrial. Bank in mid-ground, silted pond beyond, with stream in foreground. TEMP004 Lane leading to Croxton Mills Lane running from Chapel Lane to the Croxton Mills. Bounded on north by established hedge bank and hedge possibly ancient. Bounded to south by break of slope and residual bank probably the remains of a hedge bank. Surface very compacted and partly surfaced with cobble sized stones in places. Very overgrown. Additional Information 82

83 Images: Lane leading to site of possible medieval mills. TEMP005 Branston Mill Ponds and Mill WATERMILL (Medieval AD to 1539 AD) Two mill ponds of typical mediaeval side-pond form along the Croxton Park Brook. Additional Information These were likely to have been mapped in the 1980 earthworks survey but are recorded by the LHER in the wrong location and may be confused with another cross valley bank on which the road sits. None 83

84 Images TEMP006 Pottery Scatter Pottery findspot on the hill to the north-east of Croxton Kerrial Church Additional Information Probable Iron Age and Roman pottery, much degraded. Located by casual fieldwalking TEMP007 Lithic Scatter 84

85 Lithic findspot on the hill to the north-east of Croxton Kerrial Church located by casual fieldwalking Additional Information Several thumbnail scrapers, backed flakes and debitage, moderately weathered. Scatter is clustered around the slope immediately above the Church Spring. TEMP008 Additional Information 85

86 Appendix C: Results of Geophysical Survey Employing Magnetometry Techniques on Three Sites in the Village of Croxton Kerrial. Undertaken By: Alan Morris Geophysical Services. 11 Steeles Way Lambley Nottingham NG4 4QN Telephone: Date of Survey: 23rd, 24th & 25th March

87 Fluxgate Gradiometer Survey Report 1.0 Introduction Magnetic surveys were carried out on three separate sites in the village of Croxton Kerrial during the period 23rd -25 th of March The sites surveyed were located of Chapel Lane, Top Road and Saltby Road. The table below summarises the survey parameters Instrument Bartington grad Grid size 20mx20m Sample interval 0.25m Traverse interval 1.0m Traverse method Zigzag Processing software Geoplot 3.0u 2.0 Results and Discussion The data for the three sites are presented as greyscale plots. The principal anomalies encountered in the surveys are annotated on each site plot and summarised in the table below:- Anomaly No Description Interpretation Chapel Lane a1 Linear positive anomalies on a NNE-SSW alignment Top Road a1 A linear negative anomaly on a NNW-SE alignment a2 Positive linear anomaly on a NNW-SE alignment a3 Positive linear anomaly on a This is indicative of ridge and furrow. This may represent the remains of a stone wall, Probably a ditch Probably a ditch 87

88 NW-SE alignment. Saltby Road a1 A very strong dipolar anomaly on N-S alignment a2 &a3 a4 Positive linear anomalies on an N-S alignment. Positive linear anomalies on a N-S alignment This is likely to be caused by large ferrous anomalies attributed to modern services such as a metal pipe line. This represents extant earthen banks containing stone. This is indicative of ridge and furrow. Conclusions The survey of the three sites has identified a number of linear anomalies which may be of archaeological potential. In addition it should be noted that on the Chapel Lane and Saltby Road sites there is a strong possibility that the ridge and furrow is masking earlier archaeology and this may be worth further investigation. Alan Morris, 29th March

89 89

90 90

91 91